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At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Physical exercise induces activation of NF-kappaB in human peripheral blood lymphocytes.

Current understanding of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation is derived mostly from in vitro studies, and in vivo human data are limited. This study provides first evidence showing that physical exercise (80% maximal O2 consumption, 1 h) may trigger NF-kappaB activation, as determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay, in peripheral blood lymphocytes of physically fit young men. Supershift assay showed that the NF-kappaB protein complex contained the transcriptionally active p65 protein. Plasma levels of NF-kappaB-directed gene products such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-2 receptor confirmed that physical exercise caused NF-kappaB transactivation. Exercise-induced NF-kappaB activation in lymphocytes was associated with elevated levels of lipid peroxidation by-products in the plasma.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Long-term effects of physical exercise on working capacity and pulmonary function in cystic fibrosis.

Seven patients with cystic fibrosis aged 6 to 20 were enrolled for 30 months in a daily exercise program. After 12 months conventional chest physiotherapy was withdrawn. Patients with low initial Shwachman scores improved as regards maximal working capacity. Spirometric data and volume of trapped gas indicated opening of closed airways. We suggest that physical exercise in general should be the basis of pulmonary therapy in cystic fibrosis. Other forms of physiotherapy are advisable when hard physical exercise is not feasible.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Measurement of aortic and pulmonary flow with MRI at rest and during physical exercise.

PURPOSE: Our aim was to assess the feasibility of measuring great vessel flow during submaximal exercise using MR flow mapping. METHOD: In 16 healthy volunteers, MR measurements of great vessel flow were obtained at rest and during two levels of submaximal physical exercise using an MR-compatible bicycle ergometer. RESULTS: Great vessel flow showed good correlation at rest and during exercise (r = 0.9, p < 0.0005). Significant increase in heart rate was observed during exercise. Aortic flow volume increased from 64 +/- 13 ml/beat at rest to 71 +/- 11 ml/beat at 50 W (p < 0.0005) to 79 +/- 13 ml/beat at 100 W (p < 0.0005). Pulmonary flow volume increased from 63 +/- 14 ml/beat at rest to 70 +/- 13 ml/beat at 50 W (p < 0.005) to 76 +/- 12 ml/beat at 100 W (p = NS). CONCLUSION: Quantification of great vessel flow can be performed safely in healthy volunteers using MR flow measurements during submaximal physical exercise. These measurements may be used to study hemodynamic abnormalities in patients with cardiac disease.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Physical exercise for the enhancement of general fitness and the reduction of risk factors in the elderly].

203 patients with an average age of 52.1 having been sent to undergo a 4-week course of cardiovascular treatment, took daily physical exercise at low intensity, the effects of which on parameters of the cardiovascular system and on the metabolism are shown. VO2 max in men was increased by 15.1%. Heart rate and blood pressure fell significantly. The reduction of the absolute values of serum lipids (cholesterol and triglycerides) and the arteriosclerosis indices LDL-C/HDL-C and Apo B/Apo A1 confirm that it is possible to reduce the cardiovascular hazard by physical exercises in elderly people, too.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1977

[Importance of tolerance to physical exercise in the study of the blood coagulation and anticoagulation systems after myocardial infarct].

The results of dynamic studies of some indices of the blood coagulation and anticoagulation systems are presented for 130 male patients surviving myocardial infarction and examined during the first year after this development. Along with signs of hypercoagulation, a high activity of the anticoagulation system was noted throughout the period of observation. 90 patients were examined before and after a tolerance test (with threshold physical exercises on a bicycle) 3, 6 and 12 months following acute myocardial infarction. The physical exercises permitted to reveal the compensatory reserve of the anticoagulation system that manifests itself most clearly 6 months following the onset of the infarction.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Lifestyle as regards physical exercise, smoking and drinking, of adult insulin-treated diabetic people compared with non-diabetic controls.

Chronic complications in diabetes are sometimes associated with living habits. To investigate whether diabetic people's habits of smoking, drinking alcohol and taking physical exercise differed from those of the general population, a questionnaire was sent to 561 insulin-treated diabetic people and to 1,125 controls, matched for age, sex and domicile. Diabetic people were current smokers as often as controls (21% vs 23%; ns), but they drank less alcohol and more of them were non-drinkers (22% vs 13%; p < 0.001). Diabetic people more often took physical exercise than did controls (40% vs 28%; p < 0.001). Diabetic women were more seldom smokers (18% vs 26%; p < 0.05), more often non-drinkers (26% vs 14%; p < 0.001) and exercised regularly more (44% vs 28%; p < 0.001) than female controls. Diabetic men were more similar to male controls in their habits. Young diabetic people drank less alcohol and were more often non-drinkers (22% vs 9%; p < 0.001) compared with their controls. Comparison within the diabetic group showed that men drank alcohol more frequently and in greater amounts, and that more women were non-drinkers (26% vs 18%; p < 0.05). People with chronic complications drank less frequently and exercised less regularly (34% vs 44%; p < 0.05) than those without complications. These findings suggest that diabetic people's smoking, drinking and exercise habits are rather similar to general people's. However, diabetic women seem to take risk factors for developing complications into consideration more than men, which could reflect a true gender pattern and/or be an effect of worrying more about diabetes.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Fructosamine in blood serum, binding and degradation of 125J-insulin by erythrocyte receptors in young persons with type I diabetes--effect of physical exercise].

The aim of investigation was the determination of the effect of regular physical exercise of intensity 35% VO2max on glycolysation of proteins, expressed by fructosamine concentration in blood serum and on insulin sensitivity of erythrocyte receptors in children with diabetes mellitus type I. The investigations were performed with 10 young persons with diabetes mellitus type I, during their sanatorium treatment. During 21 days the children effected every day a 20-minutes ergometric exercise of intensity equivalent approximately to 35% VO2max. Before the 3-weeks therapy and after its termination the examined children have performed an ergometric test exercise, with collection of blood samples. Obtained results allow to ascertain, that regular aerobic exercise contributed to the growth of physical efficiency expressed by the VO2max value, reduction in fructosamine level in blood serum, increase in insulin sensitivity of erythrocyte receptor and improved effort tolerance related to glycemia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1963

COUNTERACTING EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL EXERCISES PERFORMED DURING PROLONGED PERCEPTUAL DEPRIVATION.

Subjects who were required to perform physical exercises during a week's exposure to unpatterned light and white noise showed fewer impairments on 15 behavioral measures than did subjects who were not required to exercise during the same 'period in an isolation chamber. Furthermore, fewer hallucinatory phenomena and fewer disturbances of the electroencephalogram were observed.

Electroencephalography↗
PubMed1992

ACTH and beta-endorphin responses to physical exercise in adolescent women tested for anxiety and frustration.

Thirty healthy adolescent women (age: 14 years), high school students without clinical signs of psychiatric or major affective disorders, received psychological and endocrinological examinations. Two psychological tests were used: the Anxiety Score Test for Adolescents and the Pictures Frustration Test for Adolescents of Rosenzweig. On the basis of the results of these tests, subjects were divided into two groups: A (n = 21), normal subjects; B (n = 9), subjects with evidence of anxiety (n = 1), frustration (n = 1), or both (n = 7). Plasma levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and beta-endorphin were measured under basal conditions and after physical exercise (Step Test) in all subjects. Hormonal responses in groups A and B were compared. Basal concentrations of ACTH and cortisol were similar in the two groups, whereas basal beta-endorphin levels were significantly higher in group B than in group A. Exercise induced a slight but significant increase in plasma concentrations of both ACTH (32% increase) and beta-endorphin (60% increase) in group A. A striking increase in plasma ACTH (100% increment) and a slight increase of beta-endorphin (60% increment) levels were observed in group B after exercise. Absolute levels of ACTH and beta-endorphin after physical exercise were significantly higher in group B than in group A. These findings indicate increased levels of adrenocorticotropic and opioid activity in adolescent women with high scores on psychological measures of anxiety and frustration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[The influence of physical exercise on heart rate variability].

Heart rate variability is controlled by the influence of autonomic nervous system, whereas one part of the system modulates the activity of the other. There is evidence of increased sympathetic activity in patients (pts) with essential hypertension. The aim of the study was to assess the persisting influence of increased sympathetic activity 30 min after moderate physical exercise on heart rate variability in patients with arterial hypertension. The study was performed in 19 patients (10 women, mean age 52.7 +/- 9.5 years and 9 men, mean age 37.7 +/- 8.8 years) with stage I (6 pts) and stage II (13 pts) arterial hypertension. All studied pts had sinus rhythm, were free of diabetes, coronary heart disease and congestive heart failure. 24-hour Holter monitoring was performed and for 30 min before the exercise test the pts stayed in supine rest. The exercise tests were performed between 10 and 11 a.m. Immediately after the exercise all pts stayed in supine position for 30 min. The heart rate variability parameters were studied using Holter monitoring system Medilog Optima Jet and were then analysed statistically. The mean energy expenditure during the exercise was 5.8 +/- 1.1 METs and the maximal heart rate was 148.1 +/- 20.3 bpm. All studied HRV parameters were significantly different in the assessed time period compared to the baseline values (p < 0.001). Significant correlation was found between the age of the studied patients and the mean RR interval, what can be considered as a hyperkinetic (hyperadrenergic) circulatory status and shorter RR interval in younger pts. Significant negative correlation between the age and SDNN parameter (r = -0.65, p < 0.001), 30 min after the exercise mirrors the prolonged adrenergic influence in older pts. The present study shows that the influence of moderate physical exercise on heart rate variability in pts with essential hypertension is extended over 30 min period after exercise and is more pronounced in older pts. The studies on HRV should be performed at longer time intervals after exercise.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Feasibility [corrected] of regular physical exercise for patients with moderate to severe Alzheimer disease.

BACKGROUND: Physical activity delays loss of autonomy in the elderly. In patients with Alzheimer disease (AD), physical activity could be a useful strategy in therapeutic management by delaying loss of functional independence and the usual complications of the disease. OBJECTIVE: To determine, using standardized tools, the effects on autonomy (ADL, IADL), cognitive function (MMS), nutritional status (MNA), behavioral problems (NPI) and risk of falls (Tinetti test) of a physical exercise program in patients with AD. DESIGN: Twenty-three subjects (13 men and 10 women, aged 71-92 years, mean 78 years) with AD (mean MMS 16, range 1-23) carried out for a mean of 7 weeks (5-12 weeks) a program of endurance exercise (walking, exercise bicycle) adapted to their individual capacities. Standardized gerontological evaluation was performed before and after the study. RESULTS: No significant change in autonomy (ADL, IADL) was observed. There was an improvement in the MNA (p<0.001) and the MMS (p<0.001). Risk of falls (p<0.01) and behavioral problems (p<0.05) decreased. These results were obtained without increasing family workload. CONCLUSION: We suggest that physical activity is a therapeutic option which can reduce nutritional and behavioral complications and risk of falls in subjects with AD.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed1984

Effects of physical exercise on serum calcium and parathyroid hormone.

The effects of physical exercise on plasma ionized calcium, total serum calcium and parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations were evaluated in healthy subjects submitted to work on an ergometer bicycle. When the workload was increased stepwise there was a significant increase (P less than 0.001) in the calcium concentrations (ionized calcium from 1.13 +/- 0.03 (SD) to 1.24 +/- 0.03 mmol 1(-1) and total calcium from 2.35 +/- 0.07 to 2.48 +/- 0.07 mmol 1(-1] when the workload exceeded approximately 65% of the estimated maximum--i.e. a load that caused accumulation in blood of lactic acid. The rise in plasma ionized calcium was, therefore, presumably largely attributed to the acidosis but reduction of plasma volume and influx from extracellular sources might also have contributed. Beta blockade (with oral intake of propranolol) reduced physical capacity, shortened the duration of work and caused less acidosis. These factors were probably responsible for a smaller rise in ionized calcium during beta blockade (7 +/- 4%) than in control studies (21 +/- 5%) without medication in subjects examined during short-term maximal exercise. Long-term (1 h) steady-state work which caused fatigue without producing lactic acidosis did not affect the calcium concentrations. Despite the effects of work on calcium levels there was no discernible suppression of the PTH concentrations. This might have been due to a concomitant stimulation of PTH secretion by work.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Sudden cardiac death due to physical exercise in male competitive athletes. A report of six cases.

In the period of 30 years, i.e. from 1973 to 2002, we noticed in Croatia 6 sudden and unexpected cardiac deaths in male athletes during or after training. Two were soccer players, 2 athletic runners, one was a rugby player and one was a basketball player. All of them were without cardiovascular symptoms. At the forensic autopsy, the first athlete, aged 29, had chronic myocarditis and thickened left ventricular wall of 15 mm. The second, aged 21, had an acute myocardial infarction of the posterior wall with normal coronaries and thickened left ventricular wall of 15 mm. The third aged 17, had hypoplastic right coronary artery and narrowed ascending aorta, suppurant tonsillitis and subacute myocarditis. Two athletes, aged 29 and 15, had hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and normal coronaries, and one dilated aorta. The sixth, aged 24, had arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy of the right ventricle. All the 6 athletes died suddenly, obviously because of malignant ventricular arrhythmias. In Croatia the death rate among athletes reached 0.15/100 000, in others who practice exercise reached 0.74/100,000 and the difference is highly significant (c2=14.487, Poisson rates=3.81, P=0.00014) and in physicians-specialists reached 33.6/100,000. Preventive medical examinations are essential, especially in athletes before physical exercise, as are other investigations in every case suspicious of heart disease, including electrocardiogram (ECG), stress ECG, echocardiography and stress-echocardiography and other findings if indicated. Physical exercise is contraindicated in acute respiratory infection: in 2 of those cases had been a cause of death as a trigger.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

The influence of physical exercise upon the body composition of obese children.

Thirty-seven obese children 8 to 14 years of age were given a diet 115 kJ/kg of ideal weight for height and were distributed in two groups. One group was under normal ward conditions and the other underwent a physical exercise programme. Body weight, the percent of ideal weight referred to height, percent body weight, and absolute body fat were determined before and 15 days after both therapeutic regimes. The results revealed significant differences in the reduction of these parameters (p < 0.001). When comparing the two groups, only the reduction of percent body fat displayed a significant difference (p < 0.02), showing a greater reduction in those who had performed physical exercise.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Physical exercise and yoga in prevention and treatment of addictive diseases].

Prevention of addictive diseases should be complex and systematic and it should include training of social skills, decision-making skills, family intervention, etc. Similarly, effective treatment is usually long-term, systematic and complex. Physical exercise and yoga can be useful components of comprehensive prevention and treatment programmes. On the other hand, competitive professional sport rather increases the number of risk factors for substance-related problems. Practical experience with the use of yoga in substance dependent patients and pathological gambles are mentioned. One of the advantages of yoga is the integration of physical exercise and relaxation.

Behavior, Addictive↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Physical exercise program for children with bronchial asthma.

A long-term physical exercise program was established for a large number of children with bronchial asthma. Asthmatic children were first taught to swim on their backs to prevent breathing problems customary for beginners using other strokes. They concurrently participated in gymnasium exercises, and the program was later completed with outdoor running. Program effectiveness was evaluated by monitoring asthmatic symptoms, changes in medication, and changes in the activity and physical fitness of the children. Data collected from 121 children showed that during the first year in the program the number of days with asthmatic symptoms decreased in a large majority of the patients while medication was decreased. School absenteeism and hospitalization dropped markedly. Parental evaluation of the children indicated much improvement in 51.2%, improvement in 40.5%, unchanged condition in 7.4%, and deterioration of general health was only reported in one child (0.8%). The same extent of improvement continued during the second year. The Cooper test was applied for the first time to such an exercise program and indicated that the participating asthmatic children performed as well as a control group of nonasthmatic children, and the cardiovascular efficiency of the asthmatics was actually better.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Platelet aggregation, lipids and excretion of catecholamines after acute physical exercise in patients with myocardial infarction.

The effect of acute physical exercise and a four-month conditioning program on cardiovascular risk factors was investigated in patients with myocardial infarction. The bicycle exercise testing caused a moderate rise in urinary epinephrine, serum cholesterol and HDL cholesterol levels. The changes in platelet aggregation and urinary catecholamines were markedly greater in the group with exercise induced ischaemic changes. Under the effect of the conditioning program a significant improvement in the performance capacity and circulatory response could be observed. The direction of changes in platelet aggregation and in the lipid parameters were favourable too.

Catecholamines↗