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PubMed2005

The implementation of motor learning principles in designing prevention programs at work.

Occupational therapy practitioners offer services to workers in the workplace to prevent musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), to help the injured worker restore function, and to recover capacities needed to return to the job. Despite the existence of some evidence about the efficacy of prevention programs, there is uncertainty and even disagreement among health professionals, about the outcome of prevention programs for people with MSDs. It is proposed that principles of motor learning can assist the therapist in structuring prevention programs to facilitate the workers learning of correct movement patterns. This paper discusses basic concepts of motor learning emphasizing characteristics of the learner, the type of task, the structure of practice and application to prevention programs at work settings. We present a four-stage model for prevention programs based on principles of both motor learning and ergonomics. This model coincides with the broad perspective suggested in current occupational therapy models which focuses on the person, the environment, the occupation and their effects on occupational performance.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Exercise prescription guidelines for normal and cardiac populations.

The basic components of aerobic exercise prescription include recommendations for optimal frequency, intensity, duration, mode, and progression of activity. The most effective program design involves the use of each of these components and incorporates specific coexistent medical problems and objective data derived from a multistage exercise tolerance test. In addition to the prescription of aerobic exercise, the use of circuit weight training and recreational activities has become accepted as an important part of a comprehensive exercise prescription. In effecting a well-designed and safe exercise program, the clinician must also be aware of environmental considerations and the effect of cardiac medications on the response to exercise.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1995

Designing a program for ophthalmic registered nurse first assistants.

Insurance companies eliminated payment for physician first assistants in cataract surgery. Community hospitals are responding to this situation by utilizing perioperative nurses and certified surgical technicians. The credentialing process is largely relegated to each hospital. The ophthalmic nurse is now quite pivotal in writing the policies and procedures. Also inherent in this expanded role is the development of preceptor training, job description and performance appraisals. This serves as a primer to specifically address these problems in a community hospital operating room.

Certification↗
PubMed1996

[Psychiatric therapeutic programs--practical design].

As a consequence of the introduction of the Danish law concerning involuntary commitment and treatment in Psychiatry of 1989, the Danish psychiatric units were required to establish so called treatment programmes (t.p.) for all patients within seven days after admission. In order to establish in which ways and to what degree these t.p. were carried out, a questionnaire was sent to all 49 Danish psychiatric units for adult patients. All were returned, giving a response rate of 100%. In practice, the t.p. was noted in the following ways: 1) In 24 departments (46%) the t.p. was written into the case notes. 2) In 17 departments (33%) the t.p. was written on a separate (coloured) paper with printed headlines and filed with the case notes. 3) In 11 departments (21%) a self-adhesive label with printed headlines was fixed onto the case file. The advantages and problems related to these different approaches are discussed, and it is concluded, that the use of the self-adhesive label is a relatively quick, cheap and practical way to establish the t.p.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Second opinion in Switzerland. Design of program and evaluation study].

From 1994 till 1996, the sickness funds represented in the Forum schweizerischer Krankenversicherer are carrying-out a Second Opinion Pilot Program. This program is subject to a scientific evaluation. The objectives and the organisation of the program are presented, and material and methods of the study are described.

Cohort Studies↗
PubMed1982

Primary prevention of developmental retardation during infancy.

This review examines eighteen exemplary prevention-oriented early intervention programs designed for high-risk and normal infants. The target populations, the form of the program delivery, and the content of the curriculum are described. Issues in the design and methodology of such programs are discussed. The review also summarizes continuing and delayed effects of early intervention programs with an emphasis on those projects that had a follow-up evaluation phase. Finally, three theoretical perspectives are presented. These perspectives have important implications for infant program planning and evaluation from which recommendations are made for future programs designed for high-risk infants.

Child↗
PubMed2002

The UAW-GM health promotion program. Successful outcomes.

1. The success of the LifeSteps program may rest in the UAW and GM leadership's vision to use a high level joint steering committee, a day to day working committee, third party program providers, support of confidentiality throughout the entire program, and a comprehensive data driven decision making system. 2. The program design is a multiplatform method of program delivery to a diverse and nationwide population of the active and retired employees and dependents (more than 1 million individuals older than age 18). They receive an annual health risk appraisal, telephone access to a registered nurse 24 hours a day. LifeSteps website, a quarterly health information newsletter and a health care book sent to each of the households, and access to a telephonic audiotape library. 3. A pilot program has a more intense design of low risk maintenance and high risk reduction programs specifically for all active employees who work in the pilot locations. A telephonic program for behavior change is available only to high risk individuals in the total pilot population of active and retired employees and dependents. 4. The major success criterion for the LifeSteps program is helping workers, former employees, and their families maintain or achieve low risk status. The increased number of employees at low risk status (4% gain the second year and a 2% gain from the second to the third year) documents the improved health status of the population. Moreover, of surveyed participants and nonparticipants, 85% supported program continuation and 74% said they had an improved opinion of the UAW and GM due to the program.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2004

The effects of live music groups versus an educational children's television program on the emergent literacy of young children.

Research suggests that music is beneficial in teaching both social and academic skills to young children. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a music therapy program designed to teach reading skills versus the "Between the Lions" television program on the early literacy behaviors of Kindergarten children from a low socioeconomic background. Subjects (n = 86) were children, aged 5-7 years, enrolled in one of four different Kindergarten classes at a public elementary school in Northwest Florida. Each class was assigned one of four treatment conditions: Music/Video (sequential presentation of each condition), Music-Only, Video-Only, and no contact Control group. Growth in early literacy skills was measured using the Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills (DIBELS) and 3 subtests of the Test of Early reading Ability-3rd edition (TERA-3). Teachers' perceptions of classroom literacy behaviors were measured using a pre and poststudy survey. This study also compared on- and off-task behavior of students during video versus music conditions. Results of the 7 subtests measuring early literacy were varied. The Music/Video and Music-Only groups achieved the highest increases in mean scores from pre to posttest on 4 of the 7 subtests. Students in the Video-Only group scored significantly better on the phonemic segmentation portion of the DIBELS than peers in the Music/Video condition. Furthermore, strong correlations were found between the Letter Naming, Initial Sounds Fluency tests, and total raw score of the TERA-3 tests for both pre and posttesting. Additionally, graphic analysis of mean off-task behavior per session indicated that students were more off-task during both video conditions (video alone and video portion of Music/Video condition) than during the music conditions. Off-task behavior was consistently lower during music sessions for the duration of the study. This study confirmed that music increases the on-task behavior of students. Additionally, the combination of music and video enrichment showed gains in 4 of the 8 tests used to measure students' progress. This pattern supports the need for further investigation regarding benefits of enrichment programs specifically designed to enhance curricula for students from low socioeconomic backgrounds, particularly programs that incorporate music activities.

Child↗
PubMed1985

Microcomputer program for the design of digital filters.

The program presented here is intended to be a design device and learning tool for digital filters. Digital filters designed with the program can be implemented by incorporation within the data analysis programs of the user. The program is written in BASIC for use with the IBM-PC, is intended to be user-friendly, and includes a great deal of filter assistance not found in other programs. An example of program use shows how one filter can be used to remove noise from respiratory waveform data.

Analog-Digital Conversion↗
PubMed1985

A FORTRAN program for the design and analysis of sequential clinical trials.

Clinical scientists are becoming increasingly aware of the need to monitor clinical trials in progress, and to validate their procedure by the use of a formal sequential design. An interactive program, written in FORTRAN 77 and called "PEST: Planning and Evaluation of Sequential Tests," is introduced. The program can be used to design trials based on the sequential probability ratio test, the triangular test, and the restricted procedure, among others. Furthermore, from the observed terminal values of the test statistics, the program will provide an analysis which includes the significance level and point and interval estimates of the parameter of interest. The computations are based on large-sample theory which encompasses many types of patient response, including binary and ordinal outcomes as well as survival times.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1984

A survey of preschool oral health education programs.

The purpose of this survey was to determine how frequently various components of oral health education were included in 27 preschool oral health education programs and to compare the frequencies and the various combinations of components. The results of this survey indicate that the most significant problems relate to inadequate program design and evaluation. Goals, behavioral objectives, program content, media, evaluation measures, and parent and teacher involvement need to be more specifically and thoroughly designed and evaluated. The primary problem with program content was the lack of emphasis on education about the benefits of fluoride. Because of inconsistent and incomplete reporting of programs, judgments of the quality and effectiveness of the components in the 27 programs were not made.

Child, Preschool↗