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PubMedDate not supplied

A double-blind cross-over study of a non-linear hearing aid.

New hearing aids are usually introduced after clinical trials. These are mostly based on subjects reports, in which it is possible that the subject's judgment of the acoustic performance might be influenced by the awareness that it is a new hearing aid which is being investigated. To examine the benefit of a new non-linear amplification circuit, a double-blind cross-over study was conducted. Two 'new' hearing aids were developed; they were identical in external appearance and differed only in that one involved ordinary linear amplification while the other employed compressive amplification (the K-amp circuit). Forty-five experienced users with sensorineural hearing loss, aged 60-80 years, used each of the aids for ten weeks, in balanced order. The subjects' need for hearing aid ranged from listening to radio and television to extensive use in all kinds of demanding listening situations. The results, using a structured questionnaire concerning real-life settings, speech reception tests and subject preferences for a particular hearing aid, showed little difference between the two hearing aids. Twenty-three subjects selected the non-linear amplification circuit, 20 subjects preferred the linear hearing aid and two chose to return to their previous aid. No consistent differences between those preferring the linear circuit and those preferring compression were found. It can be concluded that this compression amplification circuit is not significantly preferred to the traditional linear hearing aid.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

The use of an open-ended problems questionnaire in auditory rehabilitation.

The roles of an open-ended problems questionnaire are described. The results are presented for the first 500 consecutive responses obtained with such a questionnaire. These emphasise the qualitative importance of difficulties in conversation and the commonest of problems with hearing the radio or television.

Communication↗
PubMed1990

The advantages and disadvantages of ITC, ITE and BTE hearing aids: diary and interview reports from elderly users.

The advantages and disadvantages of in-the-canal (ITC), in-the-ear (ITE) and behind-the-ear (BTE) hearing aids for elderly aid users were examined. Two hundred and forty four clients were randomly assigned to one of the three aid types from seven hearing aid manufacturers. The clients' perceived help from their fitting, and the degree of difficulty they encountered over a range of listening situations and environments were rated using a daily diary and a structured interview. Findings indicated that for elderly clients there were no large practical advantages for one aid type over another. While ITC and ITE aids were rated more highly than BTE's in background noise, all three aid types were rated as relatively poor in background noise as well as in groups, in the wind, when using the telephone and in the localisation of sound. All three aid types were rated equally and well for performance in one-to-one conversation in quiet, and for listening to television and radio. Hours of use and reasons for non-use are presented, as are clients' reports on cosmetic issues, manipulative ease and overall satisfaction level with their aids.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Nutrition broadcasting.

The use of radio by the dietitians of the Whittington Hospital and their guest speakers to advise and educate hospital patients on varying aspects of human nutrition, reaching a much larger section of the local population than they could in their usual work, is described.

Awards and Prizes↗
PubMed1992

Drugs, music, and ideology: a social pharmacological interpretation of the Acid House Movement.

During the summer of 1988, a musical concert experience called Acid House arrived on the cultural scene in many British cities. The media created a frenzy of misinformation in reporting about the latest drug craze. Acid House music was then banned from the pop music charts, radio and television, and retail outlets. Some psychoactive substances have been bought, sold, and consumed at Acid House events, but drug use does not appear to be extensive. At the physiological level, the nature of Acid House music, especially the drumming aspect, seems instrumental in providing altered states of consciousness. At the interpersonal and social level, the set and setting of Acid House events further enhances and reinforces the specific physiological and psychological responses. The degree of acceptance by various subcultural groups may depend greatly on the amount of media and societal exposure given to it, particularly if authoritarian attempts to suppress it enhance its political or ideological aspects.

3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine↗
PubMed1990

Off-air recording licences.

The scheme operated by the Educational Recording Agency Ltd. (ERA) to licence educational establishments to make off-air recordings of television and radio broadcasts became effective from 30 May 1990. Rob Kirkham who is launching the scheme on behalf of ERA describes the current position and how the licence will work in practice.

Copyright↗
PubMed1995

The Internet and World Wide Web explained.

Most people have by now heard of the Internet. Its presence is advertised via newspapers, magazines, television and radio. The Internet offers exciting new opportunities for information exchange and medical photographers and illustrators should be exploiting the potential of these services. This article seeks to explain what the Internet is and how the World Wide Web makes access to the Internet comparatively simple. It also attempts to demystify the jargon and explain how you can connect to the services on offer.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2005

Canadians' level of confidence in their sources of nutrition information.

North Americans have a great interest in health and nutrition. However, because sources of nutrition information are vast, the quality of the information varies. We explored the potential benefit of segmenting the Canadian population by geographical location and age in determining the principal sources of nutrition information and level of confidence in these sources. A survey was posted on the Dietitians of Canada website: subjects indicated how frequently they used different healthy eating sources and their level of confidence in the various sources. A total of 870 questionnaires were retained. Magazines, books, the Internet, food labels, and brochures were the most frequently used sources of information. Analyses indicated differences between geographic areas in the use of the media (radio, newspaper, television), dietitians, and naturopaths as sources of nutrition information (p<0.05), and between seven age groups (<18 to 65+ years) in the use of the media (p<0.05). Respondents reported being very confident about nutrition information received from dietitians, physicians, books, the government, and nurses, with some differences occurring between geographic areas (p<0.05).

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Impact of statewide program to promote appropriate antimicrobial drug use.

The Wisconsin Antibiotic Resistance Network (WARN) was launched in 1999 to educate physicians and the public about judicious antimicrobial drug use. Public education included radio and television advertisements, posters, pamphlets, and presentations at childcare centers. Physician education included mailings, susceptibility reports, practice guidelines, satellite conferences, and presentations. We analyzed antimicrobial prescribing data for primary care physicians in Wisconsin and Minnesota (control state). Antimicrobial prescribing declined 19.8% in Minnesota and 20.4% in Wisconsin from 1998 to 2003. Prescribing by internists declined significantly more in Wisconsin than Minnesota, but the opposite was true for pediatricians. We conclude that the secular trend of declining antimicrobial drug use continued through 2003, but a large-scale educational program did not generate greater reductions in Wisconsin despite improved knowledge. State and local organizations should consider a balanced approach that includes limited statewide educational activities with increasing emphasis on local, provider-level interventions and policy development to promote careful antimicrobial drug use.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2003

Read all about it: writing health articles for the student newspaper.

The thrust of health care is prevention. Individuals are encouraged to become better informed about health issues and to assume more responsibility for their own health. Health has become a popular topic in the press, on radio and television, and on the Internet. Like other health care professionals, nurses are placing increased emphasis on health promotion and consumer education. Expanding the nurse educator role means oral and written communication skills are assuming greater importance, and nursing students need the opportunity to continuously develop these skills as part of their educational experience. Writing for the student newspaper gives students the opportunity to broaden and improve their writing skills and to share their expertise while promoting health.

Communication↗
PubMed1997

'Talk to me' patient communication in a long-term care facility.

1. Staff are important facilitators for communication among elderly patients, who often are alone and bored for long periods. 2. Staff serve as an essential link between the patients and the outside world, and serve as a conduit for initiating contact between residents. 3. Environment--including the selection of roommates, the proximity of residents, and the volume of radios and televisions--may greatly alter residents' ability to communicate.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

The knowledge and practice on malaria among community members in Zimbabwe.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the knowledge of the cause, preventive measures and symptoms of malaria, treatment seeking behaviour on malaria and source of information about malaria among community members for the planning of effective malaria intervention. DESIGN: A cross sectional study was carried out using a questionnaire, which was administered by health workers from rural health centres. SETTING: Households in rural areas from five districts namely Uzumba Maramba Pfungwe (UMP), Hurungwe, Mount Darwin, Bulilimamangwe and Chipinge in Zimbabwe. SUBJECTS: 2,531 community members who were in charge of households sampled systematically in the area. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Percentage of knowledge of transmission, signs and symptoms, prevention methods such as residual house spraying and personal protection, and treatment seeking practice on malaria. RESULTS: Knowledge of malaria transmission was generally high ranging from 57.9% to 95.9%, although there were some misconceptions such as drinking dirty water and poor hygiene. Knowledge of malaria preventive methods was varied among districts ranging from 19.4% to 93.0% about residual house spraying, and low (0.2% to 22.7%), (8.1% to 24.5%) about mosquito nets and repellents, respectively. Knowledge of malaria signs was generally high although this also varied among districts. Treatment seeking practice on malaria shows that the majority of respondents (85.4%) visit the clinic first when seeking treatment although there are other options such as shops and traditional healers. Other sources of information about malaria mentioned were, health workers (72.9%), radio (44.0%), television (37.5%), teachers (25.0%) and village community workers (10.0%). CONCLUSION: Despite widespread knowledge about the cause of malaria and symptoms, and the fairly extensive sources of health information, understanding of the preventive measures was relatively low. Appropriate health education is essential to stimulate changes in both knowledge and behaviour in malaria control activities. Schools can be effective health education tools as well as health facilities.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMed2006

Knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases among secondary school students in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

BACKGROUND: In Tanzania, it is considered a taboo for teachers and parents to talk with children about sexual matters including sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in schools and at home because of cultural and religious barriers. Political pressure also keeps sexual education and thus education on STDs out of classrooms. Generally, there is disagreement over STDs education on what to teach, by whom, and to what extent. OBJECTIVES: To assess the knowledge of STDs, and attitude towards sexual behavior and STDs among secondary school students. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study using a semi-structured questionnaire. A sample size of 635 students was determined by simple random sampling. RESULTS: Majority of the students (98%) said have heard about STDs; however their knowledge of the symptoms associated with STDs was poor. Similarly 147 (23%) students did not know other means of STDs transmission rather than sexual intercourse. A number of students who were capable of identifying all tracer STDs was comparable between the ordinary (10.5%) and advanced (10.6%) level students (p < 0.001). Thirty-two students (8%) were completely unable to identify even a single tracer STD. About 96% respondents said were capable of preventing themselves from contracting STDs, however 38% of them admitted that they were at risk of contracting STDs. Majority (99%) described more than one source of information on STDs, television and radio were the most commonly mentioned sources, whilst none of them cited parents as source of information (p < 0.001). Regarding vulnerability to STDs, 503 (79%) students said female students were more vulnerable to STDs compared to males. CONCLUSIONS: The level of knowledge about STDs (ability to identify tracer STDs, to describe symptoms associated with STDs and their mode of transmission) is poor with regard to the students' levels of education. Female students are more vulnerable to STDs compared to male counterparts. Mass media is still the more effective means of educating the students on STDs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Tay-Sachs screening: motives for participating and knowledge of genetics and probability.

A highly-educated, socially aware group of persons presented themselves for Tay-Sachs screening having learned about it mainly from friends, newspapers, radio, and television but not from physicians or rabbis. After learning that screening was possible and deciding that it is in principle a good idea, and after discussing it with relatives and friends but not with physicians and rabbis, they presented themselves for the test. Although the participants knew that Tay-Sachs is a serious disease and that Jews are vulnerable, few of them knew much about the genetics of the disease, its frequency, or the incidence of the carrier state. This experience of screening for Tay-Sachs carriers suggests the need for physicians to learn the relation of genetics to preventive medicine, and for the public to learn more about the biology of man.

Adult↗