SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Randomised controlled trials as topic”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources

PubMed2005

Anticonvulsants for preventing seizures in patients with chronic subdural haematoma.

BACKGROUND: Anticonvulsant therapy is sometimes used prophylactically in patients with chronic subdural haematoma, although the benefit is unclear. OBJECTIVES: To establish the effectiveness of prophylactic anticonvulsants in patients with chronic subdural haematoma, for both pre- and post-operative periods. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Injuries Group Specialised Register, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, the American Association of Neurological Surgeons Database and abstract books of conference proceedings of the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies. We also searched the references of all identified studies. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials comparing any anticonvulsant versus placebo or no intervention. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: No trials met the inclusion criteria for the review. MAIN RESULTS: No randomised, controlled trials were identified. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: No formal recommendations can be made about the use of prophylactic anticonvulsants in patients with chronic subdural haematoma based on the literature currently available. Non-controlled studies came up with conflicting results. There is an urgent need for well-designed randomised controlled trials.

Anticonvulsants↗

PubMed2004

Analgesic effects of low-dose intravenous orphenadrine in the state of capsaicin hyperalgesia. A randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind cross-over study using laser somatosensory evoked potentials obtained from capsaicin-irritated skin in healthy volunteers.

The present investigation aimed to elucidate the analgesic efficacy of 30 mg of intravenous orphenadrine citrate (CAS 4682-36-4) in a human pain model. Eighteen healthy female and male subjects were enrolled and received single infusions of 30 mg orphenadrine citrate and matching placebo in two periods which were separated by a 1 week washout period. The study was designed as a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-period, cross-over trial. The intended neurogenic inflammation and hyperalgesia were induced by topical, occlusive application of 1% capsaicin solution (INCI: Capsicum frutescens, containing capsaicinoides from Capsicum annuum annuum, CAS 84603-55-4) for 30 min on defined skin areas of the back. The pain response to CO2 laser pulses applied to the capsaicin pre-treated skin was measured by event related Vertex-EEG recordings. This technique allowed studying the influence of orphenadrine citrate on the (central) P2-component and the (peripheral) Ni-component of the pain response (LSEP). Both, orphenadrine citrate and placebo were given as intravenous infusions over 60 min. Orphenadrine citrate exerted a significant reduction in central and peripheral components of the pain response when compared to placebo. The effect on the central component was highly significant and more pronounced than the peripheral effect of the drug. The analgesic effect developed fast, was already present during infusion, was ongoing, and exceeded the observational period of 4 h after start of infusion. In summary, orphenadrine citrate was able to exert an analgesic/anti-hyperalgesic effect in a low-dose paradigm (30 mg dose) which was predominantly due to central/spinal mechanisms in this capsaicin model with laser somatosensory evoked potentials.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Exercise and cognitive-behavioural treatment in fibromyalgia syndrome.

Fibromyalgia syndrome is a nonarticular rheumatic disorder characterised by diffuse musculoskeletal pain, stiffness, fatigue, disturbed sleep and tender points. The pathophysiology is not well understood and treatment remains a challenge. Although pharmacological therapy is still the primary treatment choice, a long-term effective intervention has not been demonstrated yet. Thus, besides pharmacotherapy, other multimodal interventions are often used. Exercise and cognitive-behavioural treatments which exist in the multimodal approach and encompass largely self-managed strategy, are reviewed in this article. Although, there is a great number of exercise studies, the large diversity of outcome measures and measurement instruments that have been used in studies, varying intensity and types of exercises, small sample sizes, high attrition rates, large variability in baseline function, symptom severity and psychosocial status limit to come to a conclusion about the efficacy of exercise in the treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome. There are also inconclusive results about the efficacy of cognitive-behavioural treatment because of limited number of studies with small sample sizes of patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. However, the results of the trials overall demonstrate the beneficial effects of both different types of exercise and cognitive-behavioural treatment, on the other hand, there is still a need for larger, more systematic and randomised controlled trials to evaluate the effectiveness.

Behavior Therapy↗

PubMed2005

Can the use of a topical antifungal nail lacquer reduce risk for diabetic foot ulceration? Results from a randomised controlled pilot study.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the routine use of a topical antifungal nail lacquer (AFL) could reduce the risk for ulceration by theoretically increasing the frequency of patient self-inspection. In this randomised controlled trial, 70 persons at high risk for diabetic foot ulceration were enrolled into a preventative care program involving daily self-inspection with the possible use of an AFL (ciclopirox 8%) versus self-inspection instructions alone (NAFL). Patients were followed for 12 months or until ulceration. Using an intent to treat analysis, there was no significant difference in proportion of persons ulcerating in the AFL versus the NAFL groups (5.9% versus 5.6% P = 0.9). There was also no difference in the number of unexpected visits (P = 0.2) or missed appointments (P = 0.7) between treatment arms. Interestingly, while there was no difference in proportion of patients with clinically diagnosed hyperkeratosis or tinea pedis on entry into the study (P = 0.2), a significantly lower proportion of AFL patients had a clinical diagnosis on study termination (52.9% versus 77.8% P = 0.03, OR = 1.7, 95% confidence interval = 1.1-2.7). The results of this study suggest that there may be no immediate prophylactic benefit through the use of AFL to prevent wounds. The incidental finding of a potential reduction in hyperkeratosis and tinea pedis is a compelling one and may deserve further investigation.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMed2006

Improving efficacy of PubMed Clinical Queries for retrieving scientifically strong studies on treatment.

The authors evaluated the retrieval power of PubMed "Clinical Queries," narrow search string, about therapy in comparison with a modified search string to avoid possible retrieval bias. PubMed search strategy was compared to a slightly modified string that included the Britannic English term "randomised." The authors tested the two strings joined onto each of four terms concerning topics of broad interest: hypertension, hepatitis, diabetes, and heart failure. In particular, precision was computed for not-indexed citations. The added word "randomised" improved total citation retrieval in any case. Total retrieval gain for not-indexed citations ranged from 11.1% to 21.4%. A significant number of Randomized Controlled Trial(s) (RCT)s (9.1-18.2%) was retrieved for each of the selected topics. They were often recently published RCTs. The authors think that correction of the Clinical Queries filter (when they focus on therapy and use narrow searches) is necessary to avoid biased search results with loss of relevant and up-to-date scientifically sound information.

Abstracting and Indexing↗

PubMed1994

Intraocular adrenaline maintains mydriasis during cataract surgery.

Cataract surgery is performed more easily if mydriasis can be maintained until the intraocular lens has been inserted. Intraocular irrigation with adrenaline is thought to be of benefit in this respect, and is used by some surgeons but not others. This prospective double blind controlled trial assessed the efficacy and safety of using perioperative adrenaline during extracapsular cataract surgery, as an adjunct to preoperative topical mydriatics. Seventy patients were randomised to receive intraocular irrigation fluid with or without 1:1,000,000 adrenaline. The adrenaline entering the eye through the anterior capsulotomy needle helped to resist the miosis induced by expression of the nucleus (7.1 versus 6.5 mm). The mydriasis maintained during irrigation aspiration was significantly greater in the group receiving adrenaline (6.6 versus 6.0 mm, p < 0.02). Their pupil diameters were also significantly larger at 20 minutes (p < 0.001) and 30 minutes (p < 0.01) into surgery. Pupillary constriction to a diameter of less than 5 mm occurred more frequently in the group not receiving adrenaline. Pulse rate and blood pressure in the 27 patients who had local anaesthesia showed no significant difference between the treatment groups (p > 0.05), and there was no significant variation from baseline (p > 0.05). Intraocular irrigation with adrenaline 1:1,000,000 is a safe and effective means of maintaining mydriasis during cataract surgery.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMed2001

Gelatine-resorcine-formol glue as a sealant of ePTFE patch suture lines.

BACKGROUND: ePTFE patch reconstruction has superior flow characteristics in preventing early thrombus formation during carotid endarterectomy. However prolonged bleeding at the suture line of the patch reconstruction is a problem. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the application of gelatine-resorcine-formol (GRF) glue at the suture line can improve local haemostasis. METHODS: A prospective randomised trial of 40 consecutive patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy was undertaken. Patients were randomised to receive GRF glue as a topical haemostatic agent or to act as controls. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS: Although the patch size was significantly smaller in the control group (3.0 cm2 vs 4.3 cm2, p<0.001), local haemostasis was achieved in half the time when the glue was used (11 min vs 22, p<0.004). In the follow-up period ranging from 12 to 24 months, there have been no adverse effects related to the glue. Two patients died during the follow-up period. These deaths were neither related to the patch nor to the glue. CONCLUSIONS: This study has shown that GRF glue is an effective sealant of ePTFE patch suture line. GRF glue does not compromise the patch's characteristics.

Aged↗

PubMed1997