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At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1956

The effect of nutritional disturbances on the susceptibility of mice to staphylococcal infections.

The susceptibility of mice to intravenous injection of coagulase-positive hemolytic staphylococci was estimated by (a) observing the extent and time of mortality of infected animals; (b) determining the number of colonies of cocci that could be recovered from the liver and spleen at various intervals of time after infection. Complete deprival of food for 36 to 48 hours immediately before infection was found to increase susceptibility. This infection-enhancing effect was further increased by allowing the animals to drink a 5 per cent glucose solution instead of water or saline during the fasting period. In contrast, sodium lactate partially corrected the effect of fasting. The infection-enhancing effect of fasting was reversible. Mice prevented from gaining weight for several weeks either by restricting their daily food intake, or by feeding them ad lib. an inadequate diet, appeared just as resistant to staphylococcal infection as did mice that gained weight rapidly on an unrestricted, complete diet.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Biology and clinical significance of peptidoglycan antibody response in staphylococcal infections.

Peptidoglycan, the basic structure of the staphylococcal cell wall, is a matrix of glycan strands that are cross-linked through short peptide side chains. Many of the biological activities of staphylococcal cells can be ascribed to the peptidoglycan moiety of their cell walls. Staphylococcal peptidoglycan can be shown to be immunogenic in laboratory animals; both humoral and cellular immune responses have been noted. Sensitive techniques, such as radio- or enzyme-immunoassay, have recently shown that virtually all normal human donors have detectable peptidoglycan IgG antibodies in their serum. Peptidoglycan IgG can be transplacentally transferred. The titers of peptidoglycan antibody vary widely among healthy donors. Increased production of peptidoglycan antibodies is found in most patients with complicated S. aureus septicaemia and also in many with uncomplicated bacteremia. Nonbacteremic S. aureus infections usually do not stimulate peptidoglycan antibody production. Compared to other S. aureus products such as teichoic acid, nuclease, and alpha-toxin, peptidoglycan may be the most sensitive antigen for detecting antibody responses during staphylococcal infections. Peptidoglycan antibodies may neutralize some of the toxic effects of the staphylococcal cell wall and promote phagocytosis of the organisms. However, increased peptidoglycan antibody titers with immuno-complex disease have also been associated with longstanding infections due to S. epidermidis, Streptococci and with rheumatoid arthritis. Thus, peptidoglycan antibodies may cross-react among Gram-positive bacterial species and have detrimental effects as well.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1970

Effects of omega-amino acids and related compounds on staphylococcal infections in mice: a combined prophylactic-therapeutic procedure.

By a short-term combined prophylactic-therapeutic procedure, the following compounds were found to be active against staphylococcal infections in Swiss mice: gamma-aminobutyric acid, gamma-amino-beta-hydroxybutyric acid (GABOB), delta-amino-valeric acid (DAVA), epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA), trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid (trans-AMCHA), taurine, and cysteic acid. Many of these compounds had displayed limited or no activity by a previously used prophylactic procedure. Although DAVA and GABOB were the most potent of the straight-chain omega-amino acids, trans-AMCHA displayed the greatest antistaphylococcic activity of the omega-amino acids thus far investigated. Homocarnosine (gamma-aminobutyrl histidine, which also was active by the prophylactic procedure) equalled trans-AMCHA in activity. Taurine was similar in potency to DAVA, and the activity of cysteic acid approximated that of EACA.

Alanine↗
PubMed1991

[Changes in the lymphocyte membrane lipids during immunization and staphylococcal infection].

The relationship between the state of the lipid complex of lymphocyte membranes and their functional activity has been studied in normal mice after immunization and in mice with staphylococcal infection. The study has revealed essential differences in the dynamics of free-radical processes under normal conditions and in the presence of pathology, as well as their relationship to changes in the functional state of lymphocytes and, in particular, to the development of immunodeficiency.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Synergistic action of recombinant preparations of gamma-interferon and tumor necrosis factor on the course of experimental staphylococcal infection].

The action of recombinant gamma-interferon (rINF-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor (rTNF-alpha) as well as that of their combinations was studied in a model of staphylococcal infection. It was observed that the use of rINF-gamma alone was not sufficient for the activation of the effector antibacterial function of macrophages with respect to staphylococci. At the same time it was shown that rTNF-alpha and rINF-gamma had a synergistic action on the process of the infection in mice evident from an increase in the pathogen elimination in the host. The use of the combination in the optimal doses increased the bactericidal activity of macrophages in the infected animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Invasive staphylococcal infections complicating percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: three cases and review.

Infectious complications infrequently occur after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is performed. We recently treated three patients with invasive staphylococcal infections that developed after PTCA. Two patients had septic arthritis of the knee joint secondary to probable femoral endarteritis, and the third patient had an infected hematoma of the groin. Early reuse of the initial puncture site, prolonged retention of the femoral sheath, bleeding or hematoma at the femoral sheath insertion site and vascular complications such as pseudoaneurysm may predispose to infectious sequelae after PTCA. The clinician should be aware of these risks and the possibility that a patient may develop these potentially serious complications after PTCA.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Human-associated staphylococcal infection in Spanish imperial eagles.

At Doñana National Park, Spain, we compared the prevalence of Staphylococcus spp. infections in the Spanish imperial eagle (Aquila adalberti) in 66 nestlings handled with bare hands and in 46 nestlings handled with gloved hands, 1986 to 1993. We detected staphylococcal infections in 30 (45%) of 66 chicks handled without gloves, and in two (4%) of 46 chicks handled with gloves.

Abscess↗
PubMed1987

Early termination of a prospective, randomized trial comparing teicoplanin and flucloxacillin for treating severe staphylococcal infections.

In a prospective, randomized trial, teicoplanin (at a 400-mg intravenous loading dose followed by 200 mg/day intravenously or intramuscularly) was compared with flucloxacillin (8 g/day) in patients with severe staphylococcal infections. Teicoplanin proved unsatisfactory for the following reasons: failures or relapses were more frequent in the teicoplanin group, and blood levels were difficult to predict and tended to be low 24 hr after the loading dose. Future trials with this agent should use much-higher doses.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[An evaluation of the protective activity of a multicomponent vaccine made from opportunistic microorganisms in the oral method of immunization in a model of local staphylococcal infection].

The protective activity of a multicomponent vaccine against S. aureus, prepared from Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, Proteus and Escherichia coli antigens, intended for oral administration, has been studied on the model of a local staphylococcal infection. The study has revealed that the vaccine, when administered orally to mice, prevents the development of gangrene in the paw, the death of the animals, and essentially decreases the local focus of infection. The optimum treatment schedule consists of five administrations of the preparation in doses of 2 mg.

Administration, Oral↗