PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Waste Management”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Medical waste management].

The author describes the treatment systems which should be applied, particularly when dealing with groups III and IV as explained in the previous article, in order to counteract their noxious effects on persons and the environment. Some treatment systems are compared and the author explains how to treat radioactive wastes, residues and sterilization, microwaves and the incineration of sanitary residues.

Medical Waste Disposal↗
PubMed2006

Waste management - cytokines, growth factors and cachexia.

Muscle damage with a lack of regeneration, manifests itself in several life-threatening diseases, including cancer cachexia, congestive heart failure, AIDS and sepsis. Often misdiagnosed as a condition simply of weight loss, cachexia is actually a highly complex metabolic disorder involving features of anorexia, anaemia, lipolysis and insulin resistance. A significant loss of lean body mass arises from such conditions, resulting in wasting of skeletal muscle. Unlike starvation, the weight loss seen in chronic illnesses arises equally from loss of muscle and of fat. The cachectic state is particularly problematic in cancer, typifying poor prognosis and often lowering responses to chemotherapy and radiation treatment. More than half of cancer patients suffer from cachexia, and strikingly, nearly one-third of cancer deaths are related to cachexia rather than the tumour burden. In considering this disorder, we are faced with a conundrum; how is it possible for uncontrolled growth to prevail in the tumour, in the face of unrestrained tissue loss in our muscles? Consistently, the catabolic state has been associated with a shift in the homeostatic balance between muscle synthesis and degradation mediated by the actions of growth factors and cytokines. Indeed, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels are raised in several animal models of cachectic muscle wasting, whereas the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system acts potently to regulate muscle development, hypertrophy and maintenance. This concept of skeletal muscle homeostasis, often viewed as the net balance between two separate processes of protein synthesis and degradation has however changed. More recently, the view is that these two biochemical processes are not occurring independently of each other but in fact are finely co-ordinated by a web of intricate signalling networks. This review, therefore, aims to discuss data currently available regarding the mechanisms of degeneration and regeneration with specific emphasis on the potential and controversial cross-talk which may exist between anabolic growth factors (e.g. IGF-I) and catabolic cytokines (e.g. TNF-alpha). Also importantly, the potential impact at a cellular level of exercise, diet and age will be addressed. Finally, the ability to 'hi-jack' signalling pathways traditionally believed to be for growth and survival or death will be reviewed. It is anticipated that such a review will highlight significant gaps in our knowledge of the cachectic state as well as provide caution with regards to therapeutics suggesting total block on inflammatory processes such as that associated with TNF-alpha action.

Cachexia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Infection control. Suction waste management in hospitals and nursing homes.

A survey of seven hospitals and 16 nursing homes was conducted to examine the equipment and procedures for handling and disposing of blood and body fluids accumulated by suctioning. In hospitals, it was found that the degree of caution used is greatest in surgery units and declines through OB surgery, recovery, ER, intensive care, cardiac care, nursing and oncology units. The degree of caution when disposing of suction waste is uniformly low in nursing homes. Several recommendations are offered to help prevent contamination from suction waste, and detailed infection control guidelines for safer suction waste disposal are provided.

Asepsis↗
PubMed2006

Integrated waste management in a zone of northern Italy: compost production and use, and analytical control of compost, soil, and crop.

Agricultural soils of two Italian maize farms were treated for five years with an industrially produced high-quality compost. Cattle manure and the usual mineral fertilizer were used for comparison purposes. The effects of the organic and mineral fertilizer treatments were studied by analyzing the compost and manure, cultured soils, and harvested material. The grain yield was also determined. Organic fertilization improved soil pH, CEC, content of organic matter and NPK. Soil respiration and N mineralization were found to be higher than in the purely mineral-treated soil. Plant K take-up was improved, whereas grain yield was not affected. It was confirmed that organic fertilization, particularly compost use, maintained and increased soil fertility. The study demonstrated the feasibility of using in loco analytical facilities to follow the entire recycling process-from waste to compost production-and the use of the final product in the field.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Information sources for medical waste management.

Although many hospital professionals now have personal access to online databases, popular communications services may not have the full range of electronic services needed for technical problem solving. Librarians are practiced at cross-disciplinary technical research and so health professionals may be best served by consulting an experienced database search analyst so that important information is not accidentally missed. Additionally, many commercially produced databases have repackaged and redistributed data developed by NIOSH and other federal agencies, data that are readily available in the public sector. The cost of accessing or purchasing commercial databases is usually higher than for federal databases, though commercial products use the federal databases to develop their products. Public agencies should always be consulted to obtain the most current information issued by those bodies and also because a variety of free and low-cost support materials may be available. Because of the expense of routinely consulting electronic databases when comparable printed materials may be available at a lower cost, a small reference collection of books, journals, and audiovisuals may be desirable. A selective print reference collection is found in Appendix A.

Databases, Bibliographic↗
PubMed2001

Pilot scale nanofiltration membrane separation for waste management in textile industry.

This paper presents the pilot scale membrane separation studies on dyehouse effluents of textile industry. Nanofiltration (NF) membranes which have 2 m2 of surface area were evaluated for membrane fouling on permeate flux and their suitability in separating COD, color and conductivity in relation to operating pressure and feed concentration from textile industry dyehouse effluents. Successive batch runs demonstrated that any serious membrane fouling was not experienced for NF membrane tested in treating this type of wastewater. The permeate flux was found to increase significantly with operating pressure. Flux decreased with increasing recovery rate. The overall removal efficiencies of COD, color and conductivity were found as greater than 97%. COD was lower than 10 mg/l at 12 bar pressures. Permeate COD was also increased with increasing recovery and COD was 30 mg/l with recovery of 80%. Almost complete color removal was achieved with nanofiltration membrane. Color value was also decreased from 500 Pt-Co to 10 Pt-Co unit. This significant reduction in color and COD makes possible the recycle of the permeate in the dyehouse. Permeate conductivity was decreasing with increasing pressure and retention of conductivity increases with increasing pressures. This phenomenon is expected from the analysis of conductivity mass transport model. Economical analysis have been done and the total estimated cost will be 0.81$/m3 based on 1000 m3/day of and this value is very economical for Istanbul City due to increasing industrial water supply tariffs.

Coloring Agents↗
PubMed2006

A new hat for an old enzyme: waste management.

The history of research regarding secretory phospholipase A(2) (sPLA(2)) has often focused in one of two directions. Originally, the enzyme was studied biophysically in terms of its fundamental structure, enzymology, and the relationship between membrane physics and catalytic activity. More recently, a large and growing body of information has accumulated concerning regulatory factors, tissue distribution, and physiological/pathological roles of sPLA(2). Evidence is presented that suggests an additional function for the protein in which it helps to clear dead and damaged cells while avoiding digestion of those that are healthy. Apparently, the ability of the enzyme to discriminate between susceptible and resistant cells depends on physical properties of membrane lipids related to order, distribution, and neighbor/neighbor interactions. Investigations into this action of the enzyme offer the rare opportunity to apply biophysical approaches and principles to a physiological setting.

Animals↗