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The author discusses some relationships between work situation (defined by contents, work load, and conditions of coping with stress) and the following variables: satisfaction with work, self-reported psychosomatic symptoms, alcohol consumption, and smoking. The analysis is based on interview data of 450 men aged 35 to 50.
The data are presented on the conditions and the character of work when manufacturing samarium- and cobalt-based permanent magnets. Major unfavourable factors of samarium/cobalt-containing dusts are stressed, the chemical and disperse dust composition being described. Highlighted is the necessity of developing a set of preventive measures.
Within a short period of time the temperature conditions have been improved at working places of locomotive drivers and their assistants, a new switchboard for locomotives developed, noise and vibration in cabins were reduced, etc. Hygienic problems associated with improvement of locomotives are supervised by the Ministry of Communications and by special commissions.
It is pointed out that working and living conditions have essential impact on the incidence of nervous diseases causing temporary disability among farmers. The above conclusion has great practical significance since the necessity of carrying out a set of measures aimed at the sanitation of working and living conditions of farmers has been scientifically approved in order to reduce work losses due to nervous diseases.
My mother, Winsome Daniels nee Wright was born in 1918. She trained and worked at Great Yarmouth General Hospital from 19 March, 1937 until 31 March, 1942 when she married my father. Over the year I had heard many stories of her nursing career but these had never been recorded. However, just after her 80th birthday it seemed appropriate to start writing her experiences down. My mother preferred to recount her past life as a nurse over several weeks without being audio recorded and I have endeavoured to use her words as much as possible. This is an extract from her story about working hours, conditions and training.
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Relationships between employment type and the physical work environment were studied among blue-collar workers (n = 1,127). Based on survey data, we set out to compare the evaluations of environmental load and physical strain at work given by fixed-term (17% of all) and permanent workers. The type of employment was not related to environmental load. However, working on a fixed-term basis increased the risk of physical strain at work. Analyses revealed that this connection was evident only among fixed-term construction workers. The results did not support the much-cited view that the disintegration of standard employment has given rise to a new series of work environment problems. Such problems are concentrated in an area with a long tradition of work environment problems, that is, in the construction industry.
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OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of psychosocial nature of previous work activity on different dimensions of subjective health and life satisfaction at the beginning of older age. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cross-sectional study was performed on a simple random sample of a 65-year-old cohort of community-dwelling citizens of Kraków. All of the 733 participants (412 women, 321 men) were interviewed face to face in their households. Two separate models have been developed to analyze indicators of health-related quality of life: the first model assessed the influence of divergences between psychological job demands and perceived job control and rewards (adjusted to job physical demands), the other explored the impact of divergences between job effort on job control and rewards (adjusted to psychological demands). RESULTS: High physical job demands combined with low job control diminished job satisfaction in women. High physical job demands/efforts combined with low control/reward decreased self-rated health scores. Contrary to expectations high psychological job demands combined with low job control diminished the risk of chronic diseases in women. High physical job demands/efforts combined with low job control/rewards increased the functional independence in both genders. CONCLUSIONS: Psychosocial conditions of work significantly influenced health-related quality of life at the beginning of older age and their patterns of influence differed between men and women.
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The industrial noxious factors during manufacturing of the fodder concentrate lysin are represented by dust, noise, vibration, microclimatic discomfort. Persons working in condition of lysin production showed functional changes of the nervous, cardiovascular and respiratory systems.
It was found that in sowing machine operators their work was class II hard (permissible conditions) and class III strenuous (grade I hazard). By air dust contamination their work corresponded to grade III hazard, by noise--to grade I hazard. The operators showed signs of functional overstrain of the central nervous and cardiovascular systems, the severity of which depended on the type of sowing machine and tractor.
Within the framework of a research project on behalf of the organization "Humanisierung des Arbeitslebens" (Humanization of Working Life) we investigated under which conditions (economic, technical, organizational, and social) the places of work of both older workers with a changed performance level and handicapped workers can be modified in such a way that these employees can remain at their jobs. The goal was to find a method of employment which was geared both to performance abilities and to productivity. We also investigated the problem of how to arrange transfer jobs which fulfill the demand for qualified and productive employment, when it is no longer possible for the employees to remain in the job they have held up to then - for example, when the manufacturing process does not allow the modification of a single work place. The goal of gearing work places to the needs of older employees often fails in reality for various reasons. Especially worth mentioning are: lack of comprehensibility with regard to technical-ergonomic work aids - although there is a wide range of these available; general strategy of the firms to dismiss older workers and workers with a changed performance level; qualification deficiencies of older workers; and technical problems: i.e. in shift-working firms, when the modified job is taken over in the 2nd or 3rd shift by a worker with no health limitations. In spite of all assertions to the contrary, it has become clear that jobs for the handicapped and workers with a changed performance level can be conceived, so to speak, "in stock" as early as in the planning stage.
The primary aim of the study was to analyse similarities and differences between repeated spells of short-term sick-leave (more than 3 spells of less than 7 days' duration in a 12-month period) and long-term absence through sickness (at least 1 spell of more than 59 days' duration in a 12-month period) in relation to variables representing certain social circumstances and aspects of the work situation. Particular attention was paid to gender differences. The study, which had a cross-sectional design, employed data from the surveys of living conditions (ULF) conducted by Statistics Sweden over the period 1986-89. The study group comprised 13,828 employed persons between the ages of 16 and 65. The results suggested the existence of a common mechanism by which a variety of factors are related to the taking of both repeated short spells and long-term sick-leave; gender differences with regard to the effect of working conditions on the taking of sick-leave may be incorrectly estimated if factors related to occupational structure are not taken into consideration; a less than additive effect of physical job demands and repeated short spells of sick-leave on subjective health was found.
The capacity of nurses to uphold exemplary standards of care is being increasingly compromised by the poor conditions under which they are expected to work. Historically nurses have somehow managed to provide ethical and therapeutically effective care to patients even when circumstances have pressured them to do otherwise. There is, however, a limit to what nurses can endure - and to what it is reasonable to expect them to endure - when working in environments that are hostile to moral excellence. Social justice demands that the 'nurse question' be re-examined with a view toward challenging and changing the status quo.
For planning of work for aged workers it is necessary to take as a basis the necessity in further following a trade, the motives for continuation working also in pensioner's age, questions of adaptation at the scientific-technical progress, of the changed content of work and the work-functional structure and finally the demand for further qualification.