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PubMed1996

[Parvovirus B 19 in pregnancy].

The human parvovirus B 19 was discovered in 1975 by Cossart but its etiological association with erythema infectiosum and hydrops of the foetus was proved only in 1984-1985. The objective of the submitted prospective study was to assemble basic findings on the herd immunity of the female population and the risk of infection with this agent during pregnancy. Seropositivity of women of fertile age before the epidemic of parvovirus B 19 in 1993 and 1994 was cca 50%, after the epidemic 70%. Erythema infectiosum is a childhood disease (96% of the cases are children under 14 years of age), but seroprevalence of parvovirus IgG in these age groups is only 11%. Thus the infection in adults is frequent but not diagnosed. A parvovirus etiology of possible loss of the foetus on the basis of serological examination is encountered only exceptionally. The Czech commercial preparation gammaglobulin can be used for prevention and treatment of a non-immune foetal hydrops.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Pure red cell aplasia due to parvovirus B19 infection in solid organ transplantation.

Human parvovirus B19 disease is an infrequent but recognized rare cause of anemia in immunocompromised patients. A few cases of parvovirus B19 infections have been reported in transplant recipients, of those only four patients underwent renal transplantation. The primary immunosuppressive therapy in these patients included prednisone with either cyclosporine or tacrolimus. In one patient the disease was self-limiting, while in three others the hematocrit improved following 10-15 d of treatment with commercial intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). Herein, we report the fifth case of pure red cell aplasia due to parvovirus B19 infection in a renal transplant recipient who responded to a 5-d course of IVIG. To our knowledge, this is the first case of parvovirus B19 infection in a patient with solid-organ transplantation whose immunosuppressive regimen included both mycophenolate mofetil and tacrolimus and in whom an excellent clinical response was achieved with a short course of IVIG infusion.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Aplastic crisis associated with parvovirus B19 in an adult with hereditary spherocytosis.

Parvovirus B19 is usually associated with an acute, self-limited disease in children. In patients with a congenital hemolytic anemia, infection with this virus can cause an aplastic crisis. We describe such a crisis in an adult with asymptomatic hereditary spherocytosis. The association between acute red blood cell aplasia and infection with parvovirus B19 is well described in patients with hereditary hemolytic anemia, particularly sickle cell anemia. This association has also been described, although less frequently, in patients with other inherited hemolytic diseases, such as hereditary spherocytosis. In children, human parvovirus B19 causes an acute self-limited illness known as erythema infectiosum (fifth disease). In immunocompromised individuals, chronic infections can occur and cause a severe, persistent anemia. In pregnant women, infection can, but usually does not, lead to fetal infection. An infected fetus can have severe anemia, congestive heart failure, generalized edema (fetal hydrops) and even death. Most cases of aplastic crises associated with parvovirus B19 in patients with hereditary spherocytosis have been reported in children and adolescents. In this paper we describe an aplastic crisis in a 28 year old man with asymptomatic hereditary spherocytosis.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1997

[Parvovirus B19 infection in patients with congenital blood coagulation disorders].

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of Parvovirus B19 infection in a group of patients affected by congenital coagulation disorders and its association with epidemiological aspects. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We have analyzed a group of 50 patients (median age 28) diagnosed with haemophilia or any other congenital coagulation disorder and 111 healthy non-transfused controls (median age 30) for IgG and IgM antibodies to Parvovirus B19 (Dako A/S, Glostrup, Dinamarca). Other issues analysed were HIV coinfection, the use of virally inactivated or non-inactivated plasma products and clinical symptoms of the infection. RESULTS: 84% of the patients (93.3% of those previously transfused) and 60.3% of the controls subjects showed IgG antibodies against Parvovirus B19. None of them had specific IgM antibodies. Five patients (all of them seronegative) had never been exposed to any plasma derivative and 11 were HIV-positive. The differences found between the prevalence of parvoviral infection in patients and controls are statistically significant, but those differences are only confirmed in younger patients (< 30) when age groups are compared. However, the severity of the haemostatic disorder, the type of plasma products infused or HIV coinfection had no influence on prevalence rates. The infection was clinically asymptomatic in all the cases. CONCLUSIONS: Haemophilic patients of any age are exposed to a higher risk of Parvovirus B19 infection than general population, although this infection had no clinical relevance in our study. The use of virally inactivated factor concentrates or the severity of the haemostatic disorder has no influence on this infectious risk.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Pure red cell aplasia due to persistent B19 parvovirus infection in patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Recovery with alpha-interferon therapy.

B19 parvovirus (PV) infection is ordinarily resolved with the production of specific antibodies that neutralize virus infectivity for erythroid host cells. Nevertheless persistent infection with B19 PV and pure red blood cell aplasia have been documented. A 27 year-old male. i.v. drug abuser, HIV+ and HCV was diagnosed of pure red cell aplasia. Six months later we had serologic evidence of persistent parvovirus infection. Interferon therapy, started for HCV infection, showed a marked improvement of anaemia and anti parvovirus IgM became negative. It is discussed the possible role of interferon therapy in persistent parvovirus infection.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

[Relationship between human parvovirus B19 infection and spontaneous abortion].

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is a relationship between parvovirus B19 infection and spontaneous abortion. METHODS: 105 embryo tissues from spontaneous abortions of unknown cause during 1994-1995 were studied using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for parvovirus B19 DNA. As controls 40 fetal tissues were also examined. Among which, 20 were collected from induced abortions, and the others were stillbirths. The positive specimens underwent further study for TORCH infections. RESULTS: 26 (24.5%) were B19 DNA positive in the case group and 2 (5.0%) in the control group. The difference was significant (P < 0.05). Among 26 positive specimens, 5 had cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection as well as 2 had both CMV and herpes simplex virus (RSV) infections. CONCLUSIONS: Parvovirus B19 infection may be an important pathogen for spontaneous abortion, and it is suggested to investigate parvovirus B19 infection among pregnant women in China.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗

PubMed1998

Coagglutination test: a simple and rapid immunodiagnostic test for parvovirus infection in dogs.

The coagglutination test (COAT) was developed and standardized to detect canine parvovirus (CPV) antigen in faeces of infected dogs. Anti-parvovirus serum was raised in dogs for coating protein-A containing Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I strain. Agglutination of antibody coated bacteria invariably occurred within 2-3 min when mixed with standard CPV antigen or faecal supernatants of dogs having 8 or more haemagglutination (HA) titre of parvovirus antigen. The test had a perfect correlation with HA test and was found to be slightly more sensitive than agar gel precipitation test (AGPT) in detecting CPV antigens. As COAT is easy and needs no specific equipment or much technical know how to perform, it can be used as a field test for rapid clinical diagnosis of parvovirus infection in dogs.

Agglutination Tests↗

PubMed1983

Inhibition of initiator-induced SV40 gene amplification in SV40-transformed Chinese hamster cells by infection with a defective parvovirus.

Amplification of SV40 genes in SV40-transformed Chinese hamster embryo cells (CO631) by chemical carcinogens as well as by herpes simplex virus infection can be inhibited by infection with the defective parvovirus, AAV-5. This is shown by in situ hybridization with SV40 DNA of AAV-5-infected CO631 cells after treatment with herpes simplex virus type 1 or with chemical carcinogens: the initiator-induced selective amplification of SV40 sequences is prevented in the presence of the parvovirus. During HSV-infection and also in the presence of carcinogens, in CO631 cells parvovirus DNA is synthesized and AAV-5-specific antigens are expressed as revealed by hybridization with cloned AAV-5 DNA or by immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies, respectively. The inhibition of initiator-induced gene amplification could point to the mechanism of parvovirus-mediated inhibition of tumor development and may indicate an important role of selective gene amplification in oncogenesis.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗

PubMed2000

Biochemical and physical characterization of parvovirus minute virus of mice virus-like particles.

The VP-2 major capsid protein of the prototype strain of the parvovirus minute virus of mice (MVMp) was expressed, using a baculovirus vector, in Sf9 insect cells. Immunogold electron microscopy of infected Sf9 cells showed VP-2 localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm as is observed in mammalian cells during natural infections. The VP-2 subunits self-assembled into empty parvovirus-like particles (VLPs), which appeared morphologically similar to and immunogenically indistinguishable from native empty MVMp particles, which also contain the minor capsid protein, VP1. Incubations under different pH and temperature conditions showed that the MVMp VLPs and native empty MVMp capsids share comparable stability. Once heated the particles can be similarly and specifically cleaved by trypsin at the VP-2 N-terminal domain. This process mimics the further maturation of the "rat-like" parvovirus virions, following viral DNA encapsidation, indicating that biologically relevant features of the MVMp capsid are maintained in the VLPs. Crystals have been obtained for the MVMp VLPs which were isomorphous to those used for the high-resolution structure determination of virions and native empty particles of the immunosuppressive strain of MVM (MVMi). The VLP crystals diffracted X rays to beyond 3-A resolution and are in space group C2 (a = 448.7, b = 416.6, c = 306.1 A, and beta = 95.9 degrees ). This is the first report of crystals from parvoviral particles produced in a heterologous system diffracting X rays to high resolution, indicating that VP-2 of some parvovirus capsids can self-assemble into ordered T = 1 icosahedral capsids in the absence of other viral and host cell functions.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Sequence comparison of the non-structural genes of four different types of Aleutian mink disease parvovirus indicates an unusual degree of variability.

The present work shows that at least four different sequence types of Aleutian mink disease parvovirus (ADV) are present in ADV isolates from mink. We here report the nucleotide sequences of these four types of ADV from nucleotide 123 to 2208 (map unit 3 to 46). This part of the genome encodes three non-structural (NS) proteins of ADV. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of these NS proteins showed that the ADV proteins are much less conserved than the NS proteins from other members of the autonomous group of parvoviruses. In general, we found that the middle region of the ADV NS-1 protein was relatively well conserved among the types, while both the amino- and carboxy-terminal ends of the protein had higher amino acid variability. Interestingly, the putative NS-3 protein from type 3 ADV is truncated in the carboxy-terminal end. The molecular evolutionary relationship among the four types of ADV was examined. This analysis, taken together with the unusually high degree of variability of the ADV types, indicates that the ADV infection in mink is likely to be an old infection compared to the other parvovirus infections or, alternatively, that ADV accumulates sequence changes much faster than other parvoviruses.

Aleutian Mink Disease Virus↗

PubMed1988

Human parvovirus B19-induced vesiculopustular skin eruption.

Erythema infectiosum, fifth disease, is a usually benign macular or maculopapular exanthem of childhood caused by the human parvovirus B19. A 27-year-old woman with a serologically documented human parvovirus infection who presented with a hemorrhagic exanthem and enanthem with areas of pustules and pseudo-pustules is described. The histologic findings were unusual because they combined the histologic features of morbilliform and vesiculopustular viral lesions. This case serves to underscore the occurrence of human parvovirus infection in adults. Further, it demonstrates the need to include parvovirus infection in the differential diagnosis of virally induced vesiculopustular skin eruptions.

Adult↗

PubMed1985

Generalized parvovirus infection with inclusion-body myocarditis in two kittens.

Two 13-day-old kittens showed a disease characterized by degeneration, inflammatory response and inclusion bodies in intestine, liver and in one case the myocardium. Inclusions contained typical parvovirus particles. Either a generalized parvovirus infection by the causal agent of feline panleukopenia or an infection due to an unknown parvovirus is considered a possible cause of the disease. A possible relationship of the agent to canine parvovirus is also considered.

Animals↗

PubMed1984

Characterization of the DNA of a defective human parvovirus isolated from a genital site.

An apparently helper-dependent parvovirus was isolated from a penile flat condylomatous lesion by inoculating the material into a culture of human fibroblasts, and by coinfecting these cells with adenovirus type 12. Upon addition of an adenovirus helper, the virus could be readily propagated in human KB cells. Analysis of its DNA revealed that it shares structural similarities with the DNA of the four defective parvoviruses (adeno-associated viruses, AAV) described so far, but that the cleavage pattern obtained after digesting the DNA with restriction enzymes is different from that of AAV 1-AAV 4. Nucleic acid hybridization data further support the assumption that the isolated defective parvovirus is not identical with the other four serotypes. When conditions of high stringency were used, only weak cross-reactivity was seen with the DNAs of AAV 1-AAV 4, whereas the latter showed strong cross-hybridization with each other. The organization of the DNA of the newly isolated parvovirus was investigated by mapping the cleavage sites of several restriction enzymes. It is proposed to designate the new isolate as AAV 5.

Cell Line↗

PubMed1989

Nucleotide sequence analysis of the capsid genes and the right-hand terminal palindrome of porcine parvovirus, strain NADL-2.

The genome of the porcine parvovirus, strain NADL-2, has been cloned and the sequence of map units 28 to 100, which is 3670 bp in length and contains the capsid coding regions and the right-hand terminal palindrome, has been determined. The sequence shows extensive homology with other parvoviruses such as MVM, H-1, CPV, and FPV in the capsid coding region. Given the information available from these sequences, the regulatory and capsid coding regions for PPV have been proposed and the amino acid sequences of capsid proteins compared. The right end, which has a 188-nucleotide-long imperfect palindromic sequence, has an organization similar to that of other parvoviruses and the homologies in this region with other parvoviruses correspond to the homologies observed in the rest of the respective genomes.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1992

Complete nucleotide sequence of the cloned infectious genome of Junonia coenia densovirus reveals an organization unique among parvoviruses.

We previously constructed a recombinant plasmid, pBRJ, encompassing an infectious Junonia coenia densovirus (JcDNV) genome (M. Jourdan et al. (1990). Virology 179, 403-409). We report here the complete viral sequence of pBRJ. The genome, 5908 nucleotides (nt) long, consists of an internal unique sequence flanked by long (517 nt) inverted terminal repeats. The first 96 bases of one extremity can fold into a typical Y-shaped hairpin structure. The opposite extremity is incomplete, lacking 88 nt. These terminal structures, similar to those of dependoviruses, human parvovirus B19 and Bombyx mori densovirus (BmDNV), strongly suggest a common mechanism of DNA replication for these parvoviruses. JcDNV genomic organization is unique among parvoviruses in that coding sequences are evenly distributed in the 5' half of both strands. On one strand, the major open reading frame (ORF1) encodes the four structural proteins. On the complementary strand, ORF2, ORF3 (included in ORF2), and ORF4 probably encode nonstructural proteins. JcDNV genome has little DNA homology with vertebrate parvoviruses and surprisingly even less with the two densoviruses presently sequenced. ORF1 contains the highly conserved PGY and G-rich regions and ORF2 the NTP-binding domain common to most structural and to all nonstructural vertebrate parvoviral ORFs, respectively. The single homology between JcDNV and BmDNV is unexpectedly located in JcDNV NTP-binding domain and BmDNV ORF2 assumed to encode structural polypeptides. Only a weak homology exists between JcDNV and Aedes DNV in their NTP-binding domain.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1992

Viral-associated haemophagocytosis with parvovirus-B19-related pancytopenia.

Viral-associated haemophagocyte syndrome in response to infection with human parvovirus B19 was seen in 2 patients with hereditary spherocytosis. Depressed reticulocyte response during acute parvovirus infection is a known cause of hypoproliferative crises in patients with reduced erythrocyte lifespan; the observation of parvovirus-associated haemophagocytosis could account for the pancytopenia that may accompany human parvovirus B19 infection.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

Unusual characteristics of a parvovirus isolated from a clinically ill steer.

A parvovirus was isolated from the feces of an 8- and 9-month-old steer that died acutely with hemorrhagic diarrhea and microscopic evidence of a coccidial infection. The concurrent intestinal parasitism in this steer appeared to play a role in the development of clinical disease. The viral isolate was identified as a bovine parvovirus (BPV) on the basis of its size (22 nm) and icosahedral morphology, the neutralization of viral cytopathology by antiserum to BPV, a strong immunofluorescent reaction with fluorescein-labeled antiserum to BPV, and the inhibition of viral hemagglutination of guinea-pig erythrocytes by antiserum to BPV. Cell cultures infected with this isolate showed a slight nuclear fluorescent reaction with fluorescein-labeled antiserum to canine parvovirus, suggesting an antigenic relationship to canine parvovirus. Patterns of hemagglutination for this isolate with human erythrocytes from 20 donors of various blood types differed from those obtained with the reference Abinanti strain of BPV. These results indicate that blood from multiple donors of a species may be necessary to confirm the presence or absence of viral hemagglutinating activity with clinical isolates of BPV.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Detection of antibodies against porcine parvovirus in swine sera by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for detection of antibody against porcine parvovirus in swine sera. The antigen used for the assay was partially-purified virus treated with fluorocarbon and shown to contain 7 proteins by sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Of these proteins 83-, 64- and 60-K proteins reacted in Western immunoblotting with swine serum after infection with porcine parvovirus. Antibody responses were demonstrated by ELISA in pigs subcutaneously-infected with porcine parvovirus as by hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test and Western immunoblotting reaction with the 83-, 64- and 60-K viral proteins. The results of ELISA on random swine-serum samples were well-correlated with those of the HI test. These findings indicate the usefulness of the ELISA as a serological tool for porcine parvovirus infection.

Animals↗