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PubMed2004

Cultural and ethnic differences in content validation responses.

Eight instruments to evaluate grant interventions aimed at increasing recruitment and retention of Hispanic/Latino and American Indian nurses were developed for a Nursing Workforce Diversity Grant. This article compares expert reviewer responses during content validation of these instruments with (a) current literature and (b) seven filmed intervals of Hispanic/Latino and American Indian nurses speaking about their educational experiences. White reviewers responded differently to certain items than did Hispanic/Latino and American Indian reviewers (or reviewers closely affiliated with such persons). Responses of Hispanic/Latino and American Indian experts were aligned with one another but not aligned with the responses of White experts, who also agreed with one another, prompting literature and film comparisons with their responses. Faculty development may be needed to help teachers uncover their assumptions about students of color, acquire knowledge about cultural perspectives, recognize institutional racism, and attain the skills necessary to develop and implement a curriculum of inclusion.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2005

Training the next generation of researchers in work disability prevention: the Canadian Work Disability Prevention CIHR Strategic Training Program.

INTRODUCTION: There is a need to create, disseminate, and implement new knowledge in the work disability prevention (WDP) field. Training programs attracting high-quality applicants and taking into account the complexity of this emerging field are urgently needed. METHODS: An advanced training program, funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), was developed by 24 mentors affiliated with nine different universities. The main objective of this program is to develop transdisciplinary knowledge, skills, and attitudes regarding WDP. This program has been developed for PhD students or post-doctoral fellows already registered full-time in a Canadian or recognized foreign university whose main interest is WDP, regardless of the health problem. RESULTS: Since its implementation, the program received two successive cohorts of 10 students. They were registered in 13 universities in five countries and trained in nine different disciplines. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCES: Appropriate WDP research may save major societal costs attributable to prolonged work disability. The proposed training program will contribute to developing tomorrow's research workforce.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2005

The Galaxen model--a concept for rehabilitation and prevention in the construction industry.

The Galaxen model was developed during the late 1980s to provide rehabilitation and prevention activities in the construction industry. It handles around 1200 workers with long-term sick leave or partial disabilities annually, some 10% of whom annually leave Galaxen for an ordinary job without a wage subsidy. The model includes a decision by a rehabilitation board of representatives from the employers, the trade union, and the regional employment office, a rehabilitation plan, allotment of a case manager, wage subsidies from the State to the company, a search for a suitable job in relation to the partial disability. It also includes a preventive program with emphasis on practical ergonomics. The Galaxen model has proved to be a suitable means of rehabilitating construction workers and returning them to the workforce. The model was developed within the Swedish social security system but could well be adjusted to other contexts.

Facility Design and Construction↗
PubMed2006

Report of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Working Group on research in adult congenital heart disease.

The Working Group on research in adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) was convened in September 2004 under the sponsorship of National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) and the Office of Rare Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, to make recommendations on research needs. The purpose of the Working Group was to advise the NHLBI on the current state of the science in ACHD and barriers to optimal clinical care, and to make specific recommendations for overcoming those barriers. The members of the Working Group were chosen to provide expert input on a broad range of research issues from both scientific and lay perspectives. The Working Group reviewed data on the epidemiology of ACHD, long-term outcomes of complex cardiovascular malformations, issues in assessing morphology and function with current imaging techniques, surgical and catheter-based interventions, management of related conditions including pregnancy and arrhythmias, quality of life, and informatics. After research and training barriers were discussed, the Working Group recommended outreach and educational programs for adults with congenital heart disease, a network of specialized adult congenital heart disease regional centers, technology development to support advances in imaging and modeling of abnormal structure and function, and a consensus on appropriate training for physicians to provide care for adults with congenital heart disease.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pharmacy executive leadership issues and associated skills, knowledge, and abilities.

OBJECTIVES: To identify challenges that current and future pharmacy executives are facing or will face in the future and to define what skills, knowledge, and abilities (SKAs) are required to successfully negotiate these challenges. DESIGN: Delphi method for executive decision making. SETTING: Civilian pharmacy profession. PARTICIPANTS: 110 pharmacists who graduated from the GlaxoSmithKline Executive Management Program for Pharmacy Leaders. INTERVENTIONS: Two iterations of the Delphi method for executive decision making separated by an expert panel content analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Round 1--participants were asked to identify five major issues they believed to be of greatest importance to pharmacy leaders in the next 5-10 years and name specific SKAs that might be needed by future leaders to successfully deal with those issues. An expert panel reviewed the issues, classified issues into specific domains, and titled each domain. Round 2-participants rated the SKAs on a 7-point scale according to their individual assessment of importance in each domain. RESULTS: For Delphi rounds 1 and 2, response rates were 21.8% and 18.2%, respectively. More than 100 total issue statements were identified. The expert panel sorted the issues into five domains: management and development of the pharmacy workforce, pharmacy finance, total quality management of work-flow systems, influences on the practice of pharmacy, and professional pharmacy leadership. Five of the top 15 SKAs-and all four highest ranked items--came from the professional pharmacy leadership domain, including ability to see the big picture, ability to demonstrate the value of pharmacy services, ability to lead and manage in an ethical manner, and skills for influencing an organization's senior leadership. CONCLUSION: Through successful integration of communication skills, critical thinking, and problem solving techniques, future public-sector pharmacy executives will be better equipped to effectively position their organizations and the profession for the challenges that lie ahead.

Decision Making↗
PubMed2005

The psychiatric nurse practitioner 1993-2003: a decade that unsettled a specialty.

Between 1993 and 2003, a debate raged in psychiatric mental health (PMH) nursing. It was a decade of discourse about the role and titling of PMH advanced practice nurses. The PMH role evolution that occurred throughout this decade was driven by several forces, not all of which were in the control of PMH nursing. This article traces the multiple dynamics that prompted the evolution of the PMH nurse practitioner role, foremost the ascendancy of primary care and the influence of managed care. It also analyzes the conflict created by the American Nurses Credentialing Center PMH Nurse Practitioner examination that became a lightning rod for the disruption occurring in the traditional PMH role. Although the controversy surrounding PMH advanced practice nurse titling is beginning to clear, with the clarity comes a new set of problems for the development of the PMH workforce.

Certification↗
PubMed2001

Implementing a perioperative nursing fellowship program.

The population of nurses in the United States is aging. After suffering high OR nurse vacancy rates for several years, leaders at the Inova Health System Implemented a nurse fellowship program. This six-month didactic and precepted learning program is aimed at experienced RNs who do not have OR experience but would like to work in the OR. Two years after implementation, the OR nurse vacancy rate in the health system has decreased from 27% to 15.5%.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Implementation of the RN first assistant role.

The RN first assistant (RNFA) program at Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters in Norfolk, Va, began as a dream in which RNs could expand their role within a cost-effective, hospital-based implementation of the RNFA role. Our dream included a career development path for perioperative nurses who had few other career options within the surgical arena. This article describes how the dream came true.

Goals↗
PubMed1995

A career ladder program designed by perioperative staff nurses.

Staff members at Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, were dissatisfied with the existing clinical ladder program, so a committee of perioperative staff nurses was appointed to create a new program. The new program was based on a literature review and RN and management survey data. Under the new program, nurses must accumulate points to quality for or maintain clinical nurse levels I, II, or III. The point system recognizes many professional contributions that were ignored by the previous program.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1997

Mapping the difficulties experienced by clinicians and managers in health and social care who are seeking to develop research skills.

In 1994 the Department of Health commissioned project work and reviews to inform the development of a National Strategy to enhance the capacity of the NHS workforce to contribute to Research and Development. This paper reports one aspect of this review: a preliminary study mapping the difficulties experienced by clinicians and managers who sought to develop their research skills. A range of professionals were included in the sample, all of whom had applied for funding to undertake research education or training through a variety of schemes offering differing levels of support. There was a remarkable degree of consistency between the professional groups in terms of their level of training, success in achieving funding and their perception of the difficulties they faced in pursuing funding for research training--which they ranked in the same order of importance. However, two major significant differences arose: nurses and therapists rated their managers as less helpful, and they felt that completing application forms for research training was a skill that they lacked. The ranking of areas of difficulty, and the additional comments made by all respondents highlight issues that need to be addressed within a coherent strategic framework to reduce the difficulties experienced by those professionals wishing to pursue funding for research training.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1998

Health and medical informatics education for nurses and health service managers.

Health and Medical informatics is a discipline encompassing and combining aspects of all health, medical and informatics disciplines. Consequently, the topics to be covered in any educational program can vary considerably both in depth and breadth. Given that such programs need to meet the needs of a very diverse health professional workforce, educators need to develop curricula to suit specific target groups although common topic areas need to be included. This paper presents the state of play regarding nursing informatics education. It discusses informatics education for health service managers primarily in Australia through the use of a case study and compares these with some other similar programs. It then explores some of the issues encountered which are seen as impediments to the progression of health and medical informatics education, the most significant of which is traditional University organisational structures which do not readily facilitate multidisciplinary educational programs.

Accreditation↗
PubMed2004

The roles of government in improving health care quality and safety.

BACKGROUND: Discussions surrounding the role of government have been and continue to be a favorite American pastime. A framework is provided for understanding the 10 roles that government plays in improving health care quality and safety in the United States. Examples of proposed federal actions to reduce medical errors and enhance patient safety are provided to illustrate the 10 roles: (1) purchase health care, (2) provide health care, (3) ensure access to quality care for vulnerable populations, (4) regulate health care markets, (5) support acquisition of new knowledge, (6) develop and evaluate health technologies and practices, (7) monitor health care quality, (8) inform health care decision makers, (9) develop the health care workforce, and (10) convene stakeholders from across the health care system. CONCLUSION: Government's responsibility to protect and advance the interests of society includes the delivery of high-quality health care. Because the market alone cannot ensure all Americans access to quality health care, the government must preserve the interests of its citizens by supplementing the market where there are gaps and regulating the market where there is inefficiency or unfairness. The ultimate goal of achieving high quality of care will require strong partnerships among federal, state, and local governments and the private sector. Translating general principles regarding the appropriate role of government into specific actions within a rapidly changing, decentralized delivery system will require the combined efforts of the public and private sectors.

Federal Government↗
PubMed2004

Maori health issues explored in an interprofessional learning context.

In New Zealand there is emphasis on improving access to primary healthcare, particularly for high health need populations such as Maori, the indigenous people of New Zealand. Critical to the development of the primary healthcare environment is building healthcare teams and better utilising health practitioners. This article reports on an interprofessional educational initiative where medical, nursing and pharmacy undergraduates learnt together in order to understand Maori health issues, how these are addressed by health services and also appreciate the contribution of different health professionals within the healthcare team. The educational initiative is described and interprofessional learning issues are explored across the different curricula structures of medicine, nursing and pharmacy.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed2002

Long-term palliative care workers: more than a story of endurance.

This study sought to explore the stories of long-term palliative care workers to generate an understanding of their experiences of working in palliative care for an extended period of time. Six health professionals participated in the study, each of whom were currently working in a palliative care service, and each of whom had been working continuously in palliative care services for a minimum of 5 years. Descriptions of their experiences provided insight into the reasons for choosing this work, the stages they went through along the way, and the factors that sustain and challenge them as they continue to work in the area. Five phases in the trajectory of working in palliative care were described: The Awakening, Making the Connection, Committing to the Philosophy, Reaping the Rewards, and Soldiering On. Results from this study may be helpful to educators and administrators who endeavour to develop and support this workforce. Furthermore, the descriptions provided in this study may provide direction for individuals working in palliative care who may be called on to reflect on their own work trajectory and their commitment to the field.

Adult↗