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PubMed1995

Critical influences of the cytokine orchestration on the outcome of myelin antigen-specific T-cell autoimmunity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis.

In EAE/MS, effector molecules are produced as a result of the interaction between T lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells and the spectrum of cytokines produced is likely to decisively influence the disease outcome. These events may be more important, or at least more easily accessible to therapeutic intervention, than particular autoantigen specificities. Data from EAE suggest that cytokines connected to the Th1 phenotype of lymphocytes, especially IFN-gamma but also TNF-beta, TNF-alpha and IL-12, may promote inflammation while cytokines connected to the Th2 subset, IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-beta, may potentially have a role in disease limitation. It will be important to accurately study cytokines during immunotherapeutic interventions and in relation to immunogenetic variables in order to aim at immunotherapeutically intervening in the Th1, Th2 balance as well as counteracting disease-promoting cytokines such as IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha or promoting the action of downregulatory cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF-beta.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Experimental autoimmune damage to rat male accessory glands. I. Transfer of autoimmune response by spleen cells.

Spleen cells obtained 30 days after the first immunization of rats isoimmunized with an extract of male accessory glands (MAG) were capable of adoptively transferring specific cell-mediated immunity to normal syngenic recipients. Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses were investigated in donor and in the recipient rats that were killed 7 days after intravenous (IV) injection of the cells. In recipient rats the cell-mediated immunity showed multiple ways of expression and in some cases this was exemplified by a sharp increase in regard to the donor's response. Furthermore, a widespread reactivity in the spleen, lymph nodes, and thymus cells was detected. On the contrary, no circulating antibodies to MAG antigens were demonstrated after the spleen cell transfer. Cell separation studies showed that a nylon wool-nonadherent cell was responsible for the transfer of the cell-mediated immune response. This was abrogated by depletion of T lymphocytes and treatment with antirat thymocytes serum and complement. The mechanism of transfer and development of the cell-mediated immunity in recipient rats is discussed.

Animals↗