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Results for “Behavioral problems”

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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources

PubMed2003

Behavioral problems and tobacco use among adolescents in Chile.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between behavioral problems and tobacco smoking among adolescent students in Chile. METHODS: Data were drawn from a study that included questionnaire surveys of 46 907 school-attending adolescents in all 13 of the administrative regions of Chile. Assessments were based on an adapted, Spanish-language version of the Drug Use Screening Inventory. The conditional form of the logistic regression model was used for analysis, with matching of students on individual schools, and with further statistical adjustments for sex, age, and selected risk factors. RESULTS: The prevalence of tobacco smoking among the adolescents was very high across all of Chile, with a level between 56% and 65% in each of the 13 regions. The estimated odds of tobacco use in youths at the highest level of behavioral problems was about twice that for youths at the lowest levels, both before and after controlling for sex, age, lack of participation in recreational activities, level of irritability, and levels of problems with school, family attention, and mental health. CONCLUSIONS: These findings help to complement and complete the evidence of prior studies on tobacco smoking among adolescents with behavior problems, including recent research on Central American youths. Although the magnitude of observed associations in Chile was not as great as that for the associations found in Central America, both the strength of these associations and their statistical significance were observed throughout Chile. This is the first study in Chile on potentially causal relationships such as these.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Evaluation of a short-term group therapy program for children with behavior problems and their parents.

The current study investigated the effectiveness of a short-term, cognitive behavioral program for 106 primary school-aged children referred with externalizing behavior problems and their parents, compared with 39 children and their parents on a waiting-list to be treated. Exploring Together' comprised a children's group (anger management, problem-solving and social skills training), a parents' group (parenting skills training and dealing with parents' own issues), and a combined children's and parents' group (to target parent-child interactions). The program reduced children's behavior problems and improved their social skills at home. Changes in children's behaviors and social skills at home were generally maintained at 6- and 12-month follow-up. Implications of the findings for improving interventions for childhood externalizing behavior problems are discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

A prospective study of teachers' ratings of behavior problems in children with new-onset seizures.

The purpose of this study was to explore the association between seizures and behavior problems in children with new-onset seizures using teachers' ratings of behavior. Subjects were 209 children with new-onset seizures and 93 children with asthma. Teacher ratings of behavior were collected prospectively over 24 months to determine differences between children with recurrent seizures, children without recurrent seizures, and children with asthma. During the 2-year period, 155 (74%) children had at least one recurring seizure. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance both with and without covariates. Controlling for covariates, children experiencing recurrent seizures had higher Total (P=0.002) and Internalizing (P=0.018) Behavior Problems scores across all times than those not experiencing recurrent seizures. Children with asthma were similar to children not experiencing recurrent seizures. The association between seizures and behavioral problems was supported using behavioral ratings from teachers.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

Risk and protective factors influencing adolescent problem behavior: a multivariate latent growth curve analysis.

This study examined the dynamic relations between adolescent problem behaviors (alcohol, marijuana, deviance, academic failure) over time and predictors of these behaviors. Data from the National Youth Survey (1) included 1,044 adolescents (53.5% male; mean age at year 1 = 13.20). Dependent measures were adolescent alcohol use, marijuana use, deviance, and academic failure, assessed annually over 4 years. Independent measures included age, gender, marital status, income, family time, family support, time with friends, friend deviance, knowledge of friends, activities, and neighborhood problems. An associative latent growth modeling (LGM) analysis showed significant increases and relations between the four behaviors in both initial status and development. Second-order multivariate LGM analyses indicated that the four behaviors could be modeled by a higher-order problem behavior construct. Significant effects on the common problem behavior intercept or slope included time with friends, deviant friends, age, marital status, family time, and support. Additional effects were found to be specific to the initial status and slopes of individual problem behaviors. Overall, results indicate the importance of assessing the relations between adolescent problem behaviors as they change over time and identifying the risk and protective factors that have both common and individual influences on these behaviors.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

[Clinical effects of theophylline in the therapy of intractable asthmatic children. II. Theophylline therapy and behavior problems in children with asthma].

This study examined the relationship between long-term theophylline therapy and behavior problems in 14 asthmatic children that includes 5 intractable cases and 24 non-asthmatic children. Asthmatic children have received theophylline therapy and cromolyn inhalation for 3.6 +/- 3.8 years. Subjects were tested on neuropsychologic batteries; behavior problems and personality of children questionnaire, child behavior checklist, caffeine-like side effects questionnaire, manifest anxiety scale, visual attention test, Uchida-Kraepelin test and soft neurological signs. These tests were repeated with an interval of 1 to 12 weeks. Parents noted caffeine-like side effects, stomach ache and difficulty in sleeping, in their child during the theophylline therapy. The caffeine-like side effects decreased after stopping theophylline therapy. The rate of mistake in Uchida-Kraepelin test for the asthmatic group and for the intractable cases was significantly higher than that of the control group. Time of the sequential finger thumb opposition of the soft neurological signs was significantly prolonged in asthmatic group. There was no significant change in the other tests between asthmatic and non-asthmatic children and before and after stopping theophylline therapy. It seems that behavior problems and learning disability observed in the asthmatic children are due to the pathogenesis or symptoms of asthma rather than the effect of long-term theophylline therapy.

Administration, Inhalation↗

PubMed1996

Adolescent gender differences in alcohol problem behaviors and the social contexts of drinking.

This study of more than 1,300 high school students examined gender differences in the social context of drinking associated with four alcohol problem behaviors (high intensity drinking, binge drinking, driving while intoxicated, and riding with an alcohol impaired driver). A series of analyses treated five social contexts of drinking (Social Facilitation, School Defiance, Stress Control, Peer Acceptance, and Parental Approval) as dependent variables and revealed significant multivariate interaction effects between gender and all four alcohol problem behaviors. Male problem drinkers were more likely to drink in all social contexts than female problem drinkers or non-problem drinkers of both genders. Females were no more likely to drink in the context of Stress Control than males, a finding inconsistent with some previous research. The social contexts of Social Facilitation, School Defiance, and Stress Control were the best discriminators of problem versus non-problem drinkers of both genders (although the order of importance varied by gender and specific problem behavior). Implications for designing targeted interventions are discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Parenting stress, marital quality, and child behavior problems at age 7 years.

The study examined the relationship of early family environment and infant characteristics with childhood behavior problems at age 7 years. Sixty-two mothers and 56 fathers of preterm (30-36 weeks gestation and greater than 1500 g) and full-term boys and girls completed the Parenting Stress Index, Dyadic Adjustment Scale, and a measure of socioeconomic status during the child's first year. When their child was age 7 years, parents completed the Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory Intensity (frequency of behavior) and Problem (impact of behavior) scales. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that parenting stress because of their child's distractibility during infancy predicted the frequency of childhood behavior problems at age 7 years for mothers and of the impact of behaviors on the mother and the father. The quality of the marital relationship during infancy predicted the frequency of behavior problems reported by fathers. Public health nurses are well positioned to assess parenting stress and marital quality and to provide support to families during the early stages of parenthood.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

Non-health professionals and the school-age child: early intervention for behavioral problems.

A methodology is described to utilize dormitory parents in direct care activities for the early intervention of behavioral problems of the school-age child. Specific information gathering, assessment, treatment, referral and follow-up tasks were defined and incorporated into a problem-solving protocol which served to guide the dormitory parents through the defined problem-solving process, to promote early identification of students with a behavioral problem, and to expedite referral to a professional for students with more severe problems. The methodology was pilot-tested in a large American Indian boarding school and demonstrated the feasibility and efficacy of dormitory parents in a therapeutic role as one component of a team approach to the management of behavioral problems. The pilot study resulted in a significant reduction in the rates of alcohol abuse and school dropouts and deserves application in a variety of settings.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Attachment at early school age and developmental risk: examining family contexts and behavior problems of controlling-caregiving, controlling-punitive, and behaviorally disorganized children.

Preschool to school-age trajectories of 242 children, including 37 with insecure-disorganized and 66 with insecure-organized attachment patterns, were examined. Child attachment and stressful life events (the latter retrospectively) were measured at ages 5-7, and mother-child interactive quality, parenting stress, marital satisfaction, and teacher-reported behavior problems were evaluated concurrently and 2 years earlier. Results indicated that all three disorganized subgroups had poorer mother-child interactive patterns and more difficult family climates than secure or insecure-organized children. The controlling-punitive group showed significant increases in maternal reports of child-related stress between preschool and school age. The controlling-caregiving group showed greater likelihood of loss of a close family member, and mothers of the insecure-other group reported lower marital satisfaction and greater likelihood of their own or a spouse's hospitalization. Controlling-punitive children had higher externalizing scores, and controlling-caregiving children higher internalizing scores, than secure children.

Caregivers↗

PubMed2005

Behavior problems in New York City's children after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks.

Children's behavior was assessed with 3 cross-sectional random-digit-dial telephone surveys conducted 11 months before, 4 months after, and 6 months after September 11, 2001. Parents reported fewer behavior problems in children 4 months after the attacks compared with the pre-September 11 baseline. However, 6 months after the attacks, parents' reporting of behavior problems was comparable to pre-September 11 levels. In the 1st few months after a disaster, the identification of children who need mental health treatment may be complicated by a dampened behavioral response or by a decreased sensitivity of parental assessment to behavioral problems.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

Longitudinal course of behavioral problems during Alzheimer's disease: linear versus curvilinear patterns of decline.

BACKGROUND: Patients with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) are commonly assumed to experience a linear decline in behavioral functioning that parallels progressive cognitive decline. However, some researchers have suggested that specific behavioral problems either decline at different rates or improve in late dementia. METHODS: The present analyses examined 150 AD patients at an initial assessment, 61 of whom were also evaluated annually on two additional occasions. Measures of cognitive impairment and behavioral problems were obtained. RESULTS: Cross-sectional results indicated curvilinear associations between dementia severity and certain behavioral problems (forgetful behaviors, and emotional and impulsive behaviors). Longitudinal analyses further indicated trends for curvilinear rates of behavioral disturbance across time, with some problem areas showing improvement as AD progresses through the most severe stages. CONCLUSIONS: Even though Alzheimer's disease is a progressive dementia characterized by increasing cognitive deterioration, it appears to be inaccurate to expect behavioral functioning to show the same linear decline across time.

Aged↗

PubMed1997

Self-reported health and behavioral problems among adolescent victims of rape in France: results of a cross-sectional survey.

OBJECTIVES: To measure the prevalence rate of rape among French adolescents; to analyze the associated health and behavioral problems; to analyze the use of the health care system by rape victims. METHOD: A national representative sample of 8,140 students attending public secondary schools in France (grades 8 to 12) filled in a self-administered questionnaire (274 questions) on health and behavior problems (acceptance rate = 87%). Each rape victim in the sample (n = 61) was matched to two nonvictims (n = 122). RESULTS: The reported prevalence rate of rape was .8% (.9% among girls, .6% among boys). For both boys and girls, there was a relationship between rape and current sleep difficulties, depressive symptoms, somatic complaints, tobacco consumption, and behavior problems (running away, violent behavior, stealing, and school absenteeism). Additional problems were associated for boy rape victims: attempted suicide, regular use of alcohol and of illicit drugs. Rape victims did consult health professionals, but the majority saw neither a mental health specialist nor a social worker. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that rape victims, especially boys, have more behavior problems and health problems than nonrape victims. Authors suggest that adolescents who have ran away from home, attempted suicide, or manifested violent behavior should be systematically asked about rape.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Agreement between parents' reports and adolescents' self-reports of problem behavior.

Parents' reports and adolescents' self-reports of problem behaviors in 883 11-19-year-olds from the general population were compared. Correlations between both informants' CBCL syndrome scores ranged from 0.27 to 0.56. Adolescents reported many more problems than their parents did about them. Discrepancies were larger for externalizing than for internalizing problems, were larger for girls than for boys and increased with age. The findings indicated that adolescents, especially as they grow older, are indispensable informants on their own problem behaviors.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Responding maintained by intermittent reinforcement: implications for the use of extinction with problem behavior in clinical settings.

Results of basic research have demonstrated that behavior maintained on an intermittent schedule of reinforcement (INT) will be extinguished more slowly than behavior maintained on a continuous schedule (CRF). Although these findings suggest that problem behaviors may be difficult to treat with extinction if they have been maintained on INT rather than on CRF schedules, few applied studies have examined this phenomenon with human behavior in clinical settings. The purpose of this study was to determine whether problem behavior maintained on CRF schedules would be extinguished more rapidly than behavior maintained on INT schedules. Three individuals diagnosed with profound mental retardation participated after results of pretreatment functional analyses had identified the sources of reinforcement that were maintaining their self-injury, aggression, or disruption. Subjects were exposed to extinction following baseline conditions with CRF or INT schedules alternated within reversal or multielement designs. Results suggested that problem behavior may not be more difficult to treat with extinction if they have been maintained on INT rather than CRF schedules. However, switching from an INT to a CRF schedule prior to extinction may lower the baseline response rate as well as the total number of responses exhibited during extinction.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Modeling caregiver adaptation over time: the longitudinal impact of behavior problems.

Although cross-sectional research has established the link between care demands and various indicators of caregiver adaptation, few studies have examined the impact of care recipients' problematic behavior over time. The present analysis determines the importance of behavior problems when predicting rates of change in subjective stressors (role overload and role captivity) and depression. Using 4-wave longitudinal data (N = 137) on dementia caregivers, the authors fit individual growth curve models for care demands (i.e., behavior problems, activities of daily living dependencies, and cognitive impairment), subjective stressors, and depression. Subsequent structural equation models found that increases in behavior problems were most likely to predict increases in role overload. The findings emphasize the deleterious long-term impact of behavior problems on individuals' emotional adaptation to caregiving.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1992

Level of disrupted peer relations and poor self-esteem in children with behavior problems and the effectiveness of day treatment.

Children with disruptive behavior disorders often show deficits in peer relations and self-esteem, putting them at risk for later life psychiatric disorders. The prevalence of poor peer relations and low self-esteem in behavior-problem children, as well as the efficacy of an intensive day treatment program in addressing these deficits, was evaluated. Twenty-five normal-population (NP) children were matched sequentially by age and sex to 25 behavior-problem (BP) children who received day treatment. Groups were compared on measures of self-esteem and peer relations. Pre-/posttreatment comparisons were made for the BP group on the same variables. Mann-Withney U tests showed that the BP group had significantly more problems in self-esteem and peer relations than the NP group. Their scores significantly improved with day treatment and were no longer different from those of the control group. The study indicates that children with behavior disorders present with more problems in peer relations and self-esteem. Intensive multimodal day treatment is an efficient approach for treating these difficulties.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed2005

Peer activity in the evenings and participation in aggressive and problem behaviors.

PURPOSE: Low adult supervision during the after-school hours has been associated with numerous problem behaviors among youth. We examined the extent to which this relationship pertains to the evening hours and aggressive behaviors. METHODS: Cross-sectional self-report data were obtained from a nationally representative sample of 14,818 youth in grades 6-10 in the 2001-2002 Health Behaviors of School-aged Children Survey. The relationship between spending evenings out with friends and involvement in problem behaviors was examined using logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: One-fifth of U.S. youth surveyed reportedly spent five or more evenings out with friends each week. After adjusting for grade, race/ethnicity, parental education, parental involvement, and perception of neighborhood safety, boys and girls who reported spending five or more evenings out were 4.3 and 3.1 times, respectively, than boys and girls who spent less than two evenings out, more likely to be involved in four or more physical fights in the past year; 3.0 and 4.0 times, respectively, more likely to have bullied another at least once a week at school; 2.7 and 4.9 times, respectively, more likely to have carried a weapon 6 or more days in the past month; 3.8 and 4.8 times, respectively, more likely to consume alcohol at least once a month; and 3.3 and 7.2 times, respectively, more likely to have smoked every day. CONCLUSIONS: Although the majority of youth who spend most evenings out do not frequently participate in problem behaviors (69.7%), their consistently increased risk for substance use and aggressive behaviors warrants attention. Further examination of specific evening activities, extracurricular involvement, neighborhood context, adult supervision, and parental monitoring is required.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Age and problem behaviors among adolescent multi-ethnic females.

Depression, alcohol use, and suicidal behaviors are common among adolescents. However, little is known if these problem behaviors differ among ethnically diverse females across the adolescent years. Using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health database, we conducted regression analyses to compare these problem behaviors in three age cohorts across five ethnic groups of adolescent females. The random sample (N = 3,297, aged 12-19 years) included Latinas, African-, Asian-, Native-, and Euro-American females. There are differences in these problem behaviors between some age cohorts across ethnic groups. Significance and implications of the results to mental health nursing research and practice are described.

Adolescent↗