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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

[Effects of Yangyin Shengjin Decoction on hemorheological parameters and coagulation factors in model rabbits with syndrome of excessive heat consuming body fluid and blood stasis].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of Yangyin Shengjin Decoction (YYSJD) on hemorheological parameters and coagulation factors in model rabbits with syndrome of excessive heat consuming body fluid and blood stasis. METHODS: Rabbit model with syndrome of excessive heat consuming body fluid and blood stasis was produced. The effects of YYSJD on the blood viscosity, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), hematocrit, platelet aggregation rate, prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), kaolin partial thromboplastin time (KPTT), fibrinogen (Fg), thromboxane B(2) (TXB(2)), and 6-keto-prostaglandin F(1alpha) (6-keto-PGF(1alpha)) in the model rabbits were observed. RESULTS: YYSJD decreased the whole blood viscosity and hematocrit, inhibited the platelet aggregation, prolonged PT, TT and KPTT, and reduced the content of Fg. It also regulated the balance between TXB(2) and 6-keto-PGF(1alpha). CONCLUSION: YYSJD can promote the blood circulation, adjust the blood agglutinating function, and decrease the formation of thrombus. This is one of the pharmacological mechanisms of the therapeutic method of "nourishing yin to promote blood circulation" in the theory of traditional Chinese medicine for seasonal febrile diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[The role of biochemical markers in peripheral body fluids in assessment of human neurotoxicity].

To date the evaluation of chemically-induced neurotoxic effects on humans has been dependent mostly on electrophysiological measurements, neurobehavioral tests and biological exposure assessment. However, recently attempts have been made to develop biochemical parameters in peripheral body fluids which can be easily obtained from humans and which can represent markers for the same parameters in nervous tissue. The approach of this kind is logically based on the following facts: 1) Blood cells (e.g., platelets and lymphocytes) possess some characteristics of monoaminergic neurons such as the existence of storage vesicles of monoamines, membrane neurotransmitter receptors, high affinity uptake sites and neurotransmitter-related metabolizing enzymes. 2) Leakage of nerve-specific markers from nervous tissue to peripheral body fluids may occur following damages of target neuronal cells or macromolecules. 3) Quantitative and/or qualitative alterations of peripheral biochemical markers (e.g. neurotransmitter receptors) can be induced by the regulation mechanisms of neuronal, endocrinal and immunologic interactions when the nervous functions are perturbed by various exogenous or endogenous factors. Erythrocyte acetyl cholinesterase (AChE), free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP), lymphocyte neurotoxicity target enzyme (NTE), blood aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-D), and carboxyhemoglobin (CO-Hb) are well-known peripheral markers of the effects induced by organophosphates (AChE, NTE), lead (FEP, ALA-D) and carbon monoxide (CO-Hb). Many studies have been made on the effects of organic solvents, heavy metals and pesticides on neurotransmission parameters in blood cells such as neurotransmitter uptake, receptor binding and enzyme activity. This paper summarizes the present knowledge on the development and clinical applications of some peripheral biochemical markers such as neurotransmission parameters in blood cells and neuronal or glial cell marker proteins in CSF, blood and urine. The role of these peripheral biochemical markers in the assessment of environmental chemically-induced human neurotoxicity is also discussed.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1995

Body fluid alterations and organ hypertrophy in age-dependent salt hypertension of Dahl rats.

The relationship between possible alterations in the volume or distribution of extracellular fluid and the development of salt hypertension was studied in inbred salt-sensitive (SS/Jr) and salt-resistant (SR/Jr) Dahl rats. Blood pressure, cardiac and renal hypertrophy as well as body fluid volumes were determined in young and adult SS/Jr and SR/Jr rats of both sexes that were subjected to low, normal or high salt intake for various periods of time. Salt hypertension in young salt-sensitive rats fed a 4% NaCl diet was not accompanied by any substantial intravascular or interstitial expansion as compared to salt-resistant rats that remained normotensive. There was no sex difference in the response of blood pressure or body fluids to high salt intake. Major expansion of plasma and blood volume, which was elicited by 8% NaCl diet feeding from prepuberty, was not accompanied by a further blood pressure rise (compared to salt hypertensive SS/Jr rats fed 4% NaCl diet). In conclusions, salt hypertension can occur in Dahl salt-sensitive rats without major salt and water retention. The degree of intravascular expansion is not directly related to blood pressure levels in salt-loaded Dahl rats. A high salt intake seems to exert its hypertensive effects in Dahl rats preferentially by influencing the balance of vasoconstrictor and vasodilator systems rather than by increasing the haemodynamically active intravascular volume.

Aging↗
PubMed1986

Cytochemical detection of ABH antigens in human body fluids.

The use of the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase (PAP) technique has been described previously for the detection of cellular antigens and in particular ABO antigens from tissue samples (Pedal and Hülle 1984; Pedal and Baedeker 1985; Pedal et al. 1985). In this survey, the PAP method has been employed to study the detection of ABO antigens in cells from body fluids of particular interest to forensic science, namely buccal cells and vaginal cells. Also tested, but in a limited number, were mixtures of body fluids and semen samples. No false reactions were obtained from buccal cells, all samples corresponding to the ABO blood type of the donor. Preliminary results from vaginal cells, vaginal/buccal cell mixtures, and semen were encouraging but must be treated with caution due to the limited number tested. Vaginal smears contaminated with semen showed varying degrees of nonspecificity.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed2001

Detection of superficial zone protein in human and animal body fluids by cross-species monoclonal antibodies specific to superficial zone protein.

In this report we describe the purification of human superficial zone protein (SZP), the generation of cross-species monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and the detection of this protein in human and animal body fluids. Human SZPs, used as immunizing antigens, were purified either from culture media of human cartilage organ cultures or from human synovial fluids. The immunizing antigens were mixed with RIBI adjuvant in one of three forms: nonmodified SZP, superficial zone protein-keyhole limpet hemocyanin conjugate (SZP-KLH), or a mixture of superficial zone protein and hyaluronic acid (SZP-HA). A panel of MAbs including GW4.23, S6.79, S13.52, S13.233, and S17.109 were generated and characterized. Monoclonal antibody (MAb) S6.79, an IgG2b with K(D) 3.14 x 10(-9) M from SZP-KLH immunization, is of particular interest. It reacts strongly to a large molecular weight form of SZP in both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting. It stains the most superficial layer of articular cartilage in immunohistochemistry, whereas the middle and deep zones of cartilage are not stained. When MAb S6.79 was applied to Western blots of human body fluids, a strong 345-kDa band was detected in samples of synovial fluid and weaker bands of similar size were detected in samples of plasma and serum. MAb S6.79 also showed cross-species immunoreactivity with SZP in samples of synovial fluids harvested from bovine, dog, guinea pig, and rabbit, as demonstrated by Western blotting and antibody absorption experiments. This cross-species MAb will be a useful tool in human and animal model studies for monitoring SZP levels and tissue distribution. It may help define the roles of SZP in normal articular joints and may be of diagnostic or prognostic value for the measurement of SZP in pathological conditions such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and camptodactyly-arthropathy-coxa vara-pericarditis.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

NMR studies of body fluids.

High resolution, high frequency, in vitro, proton NMR spectra of various body fluids, including urine, sweat, aqueous humour, amniotic fluid, seminal plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid and blood plasma are described and discussed. Applications include the detection of metabolic disorders, investigations of the biochemical basis of drug and xenobiotic metabolism, organ damage, and diagnoses for sick babies. The determination of metabolite concentrations is straightforward for fluids with a low protein content such as urine. In fluids with a high protein content such as blood plasma, it is possible to detect not only small molecules but also mobile regions of macromolecules, and to demonstrate the interaction of anions such as lactate with proteins. It seems likely that these methods will soon become established in modern pathology laboratories.

Body Fluids↗
PubMed1977

Body fluid changes during hypertonic lactated saline solution therapy for burn shock.

The body fluid changes of 12 burn patients treated with Hypertonic Lactate Saline solution (HLS group) were compared with 26 burn patients receiving isotonic therapy (iso Na group). 1) Total infusion volume during the first 48 hours postburn in the HLS group was only one-half to two-thirds of that in the iso Na group, although the sodium loads were nearly equal. 2) HLS therapy maintained sufficient functional extracellular fluid volume (f-ECFV) in the shock period and protected the excess increase of f-ECFV in the postresuscitative period, in contradistinction to the iso Na group. In this paper, some clinical problems such as a rapid shift of ECF water into the ICF space and hypernatremia following HLS administration are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Vitreous SiO2-CaO coatings on Ti6Al4V alloys: reactivity in simulated body fluid versus osteoblast cell culture.

Vitreous coatings of the SiO(2)-CaO system have been prepared on Ti6Al4V substrates by the sol-gel method. The textural parameters (porosity and roughness) and thickness of the films obtained increase when the concentration of the precursor solutions is raised. In vitro studies of these coatings have been performed using two approaches: soaking in simulated body fluid, and by growing osteoblasts on these materials. The results of both studies show differences in terms of chemical reactivity. While in simulated body fluid the coatings were dissolved without forming a bioactive surface, when osteoblast-like cells grew on the coatings they were more stable. Furthermore, cell culture assays show biocompatible behavior of these coatings making them of potential interest for clinical applications. The effect of the textural parameters of the obtained coatings on the cell functions (attachment, spreading, proliferation and differentiation) has also been studied. The results show an increase in these cell parameters as the roughness and porosity of the coatings increase.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1990

Phospholipase A2 activity and concentration in several body fluids in patients with acute pancreatitis.

According to recent studies, phospholipase A2 (PLA2) may be an important factor in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis. Increased serum PLA2 activities and concentrations have been measured in patients with acute pancreatitis. Serum PLA2 activities have been shown to correlate with the severity and prognosis of the disease. To study the different methods of PLA2 determination, we measured the PLA2 activity by means of an isotopic assay method and the concentration by a radioimmunologic method in several body fluids of 52 consecutive patients with acute pancreatitis. PLA2 activity and concentration were detected in all of the patient body fluids. The serum PLA2 activities were 2.5-fold higher (mean +/- SD, 7.6 +/- 6.0) than normal activities, and the concentrations were 9.6-fold higher (mean +/- SD, 41 +/- 88). The enzyme activities and concentrations correlated well in ascites, fluids from the pleural cavity, and peritoneal lavation and poorly in serum, urine, and fluid from pancreatic pseudocyst.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

Comparative effects of ticrynafen and hydrochlorothiazide on blood pressure, renal function, serum uric acid and electrolytes, and body fluid spaces in hypertensive man.

25 hypertensive subjects underwent a double-blind, randomized study to compare the effects of ticrynafen (TCNF) with hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) on blood pressure (BP), renal function, serum uric acid (UA) and electrolytes, and body fluid spaces. BP was similarly lowered by TCNF and HCTZ. Neither TCNF nor HCTZ had a significant effect on true or regular creatinine, inulin, or PAH clearances. TCNF lowered UA, whereas HCTZ elevated UA. Both produced similar electrolyte disturbances. Neither TCNF nor HCTZ, according to our methods, had a significant effect on plasma volume, extracellular fluid, or total body water. The primary advantage of TCNF compared with HCTZ is its profound hypouricemic effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The extrarenal effects of atrial natriuretic peptide on body fluid distribution.

To study the effects of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on body fluid volume regulation, we estimated the changes in intra- and extravascular fluid volume by measuring hematocrit (Hct), plasma protein concentration and water balance, and the changes in intra- and extracellular fluid volume by the electrical impedance method during intravenous infusion of ANP. We did two studies, as follows: ANP was infused into 18 patients with essential hypertension, 29 with renal parenchymal hypertension and 15 normotensives at 0.025 microgram/kg/min for 40 min. Both hypertensive groups showed greater natriuretic responses to ANP than normotensives. ANP infusion into essential hypertensive patients increased the urinary excretion of water by 125%, Na by 205%, Hct by 4.2% and plasma total protein (TP) by 5.2% (each P less than .001). In 9 patients (1 with renal hypertension and 8 normotensives) who did not show a natriuretic response (-2.1%), the infusion of ANP also significantly increased Hct (3.8%) and plasma TP (3.1%, each P less than .01). The electrical impedance method was applied to 12 subjects to simultaneously detect the intracellular (Ri) and extracellular resistivities (Re), of which reciprocals reflect the fluid volume in the extra- and intracellular spaces, respectively. ANP infusion increased Re in all subjects (3.96 +/- 0.16 [SE] v 4.03 +/- 0.16 omega.m, P less than .05), but decreased Ri in 7. Changes in urinary Na excretion correlated positively with those in both Re (r = 0.62, P less than .05) and Ri (r = 0.75, P less than .01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Antibiotic monitoring in body fluids.

Analytical procedures recently described for the quantitative determination of antibiotics in body fluids are reviewed. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and immunoassays appear as an alternative to current microbiological assays. HPLC has been applied to most antibiotics in clinical use and a major part of the review deals with this technique. Attention is given to sample pretreatment, characteristics of chromatography and detection, and limit of sensitivity. Non-isotopic immunoassays have been essentially applied to aminoglycosides and vancomycin and are also reviewed. Advantages and drawbacks of HPLC and immunoassays are presented.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1984

Fully-automated assay by liquid chromatography for routine drug monitoring in body fluids--method development with biological samples.

A fully-automated liquid chromatograph based on alternated pre-column enrichment technique has been developed for routine drug monitoring of body fluids using a column switching technique. Advantages of the method include the facility of direct injection of the body fluid onto the chromatograph and the simultaneous detection of both polar and non-polar metabolites under isocratic or gradient elution conditions.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Structure and properties of the precipitates formed from condensed solutions of the revised simulated body fluid.

Precipitation experiments with aqueous solutions of the Kokubo's revised simulated body fluid (rSBF) equal to 2, 4, 8, and 12 times the ionic concentration of human blood plasma were performed. Instead of Hepes, solution pH was adjusted to the desired value of 7.40 +/- 0.02 by either bubbling of CO2 or addition of HCl. The experiments were performed in tightly closed plastic vessels kept at 37.0 +/- 0.2 degrees C for 72 h under permanent shaking. Afterward, the suspensions were filtrated, and the precipitates were collected and analyzed. The results revealed that increasing the concentration of rSBF resulted in great changes in both the structure and the chemical composition of the precipitates. Phosphate substitution for carbonate (although the amounts of calcium and magnesium remained unchanged) and crystallinity decreasing were the most important modifications found in the precipitates formed from the highly condensed solutions of rSBF.

Apatites↗
PubMed1992

Clinical and laboratory analyses of cytospin-prepared Gram stains for recovery and diagnosis of bacteria from sterile body fluids.

The smear of a clinical specimen provides essential laboratory information that is used to make therapeutic decisions. For this study, smears were made by centrifugation in a Beckman Microfuge 11 (Beckman Instruments, Palo Alto, Calif.) and in parallel by using a Cytospin 2 apparatus (Shandon Inc., Pittsburgh, Pa.). Of 350 consecutive body fluid specimens examined, 50 (14.0%) grew bacteria. Both methods were culture and smear positive for 24 (6.9%) specimens; 18 (5.1%) specimens were cytocentrifuge smear positive, culture positive, and high-speed centrifugation (HSC) negative; 3 (0.8%) were culture negative and positive by both smear methods; and 1 (0.2%) was HSC smear positive, culture positive, and cytocentrifuge negative. Seven (2.0%) specimens were culture positive and negative by both smear methods. Clinically, cytocentrifuge preparations showed greater sensitivity for culture-positive specimens and a closer correlation with the CFU per milliliter than HSC did, resulting in a greater ability to treat patients with specific therapies. In addition, analysts needed to examine only a 6-mm-diameter area on the slide, cells and microbes were somewhat larger and more regular in appearance, and smears stained more uniformly. Because of the increased clinical and laboratory utility of the cytocentrifuge, its use is recommended in clinical microbiology laboratories for all sterile body fluid specimens.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1982

Body fluid, electrolytes and diuretics.

The results of a series of studies on body fluid, electrolytes and diuretics are discussed. The findings to date indicate that the sex difference between mean potassium plasma levels in men and women is preserved into old age. Contrary to previous suggestions, there would appear to be no transient self-correcting hypokalaemia associated with illness uncomplicated by potassium-losing therapy, and treatment with potent loop diuretics, provided it is accompanied by potassium supplementation, does not commonly give rise to hypokalaemia even in elderly patients. It has not been possible so far to confirm the relationship between total exchangeable sodium and blood pressure, as previously suggested in elderly patient with essential hypertension. It has been shown that hypokalaemia of a mild degree is associated with an increase in the number of ventricular ectopic beats. It is suggested, therefore, that the conclusion that mild hypokalaemia (between 3.0 and 3.5 mmol/l) is of no significance, at least as far as elderly patients are concerned, may well be untrue.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Preoptic recess lesions, body fluid compartments, and the renin-aldosterone system.

The effects of electrolytic ablation of the periventricular tissue surrounding the anteroventral third ventricle (AV3V) of the rat brain on body fluid distribution and the renin-aldosterone system were determined. Rats underwent either ablation of AV3V periventricular tissue or control surgeries. After recovery, animals were implanted with femoral arterial and jugular venous catheters, and sodium space and plasma volume were measured by calculating the dilution of intravenous injections of 22Na- and 125I-labeled serum albumin, respectively. Total body water was determined in separate groups of rats by desiccation. Other animals with AV3V lesions and control rats were used to measure urinary sodium excretion and plasma renin (Prenin) and aldosterone (Paldo) concentrations while volume replete and after volume depletion. Animals with AV3V lesions had expanded extracellular fluid volume and decreased plasma volume, but total body water was comparable with control-operated rats. Volume-replete and volume-depleted rats with AV3V lesions had significantly higher Prenin than control animals in similar volume states. Although Paldo was not different between groups in the volume-replete state, it was significantly greater in rats with AV3V lesions than in control animals after volume depletion. These data demonstrate that AV3V periventricular ablation results in chronic alterations in the normal body fluid distribution but does not diminish the rats' ability to increase Prenin and Paldo or decrease sodium excretion during volume depletion.

Aldosterone↗