PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Breakfast”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Breakfast in the nook and dinner in the dining room: time-of-day discrimination in rats.

Four studies were conducted which demonstrate that most (63%) male Sprague-Dawley rats can attain criterion, nine correct choices over ten consecutive trials, on a time-of-day discrimination in an elevated T-maze, but that the task is relatively difficult. The discrimination required that the rats go to one goal arm during a morning session and the other in an afternoon session. The sessions always began at the same time and were at least 6 h apart. A larger proportion of rats attained criterion and required fewer trials when the discriminative cue was a maze insert providing visual and tactile stimulation (0.72), orientation and position of the maze in the room (0.88), or the rats were required to always make the same left or right turn (0.94). Also, once criterion was attained, rats trained on time-of-day discrimination only made about 70% correct choices with continued training. Housing the rats with continuous light, all laboratory noises masked with white noise, and a random feeding schedule did not prevent them from acquiring the time-place discrimination. Testing the rats with a random number of trials during morning and afternoon sessions and with added or omitted sessions revealed that the rats did not use response or session alternation strategies to perform the discrimination. Also, the particular experimenter administering the morning or afternoon sessions did not serve as a cue for the discrimination. The relative difficulty of the task suggests that time of day does not normally function as a discriminative stimulus for choices, but probably as a contextual stimulus. Further, performance of the task in the absence of time-of-day cues suggests that the discrimination is based on event memory combined with an internal timing mechanism.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

Breakfast in the Pacific.

The Sixth Natural Language Processing Pacific Rim Symposium was held on 27--30 November 2001, at the National Center of Science, Tokyo, Japan.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Calcium fortification of breakfast cereal enhances calcium absorption in children without affecting iron absorption.

OBJECTIVES: Provision of calcium-fortified foods may represent an important component of improving the calcium intake of children. We sought to determine whether the addition of calcium to cereal would have a net positive effect on calcium absorption without decreasing iron absorption. METHODS: Twenty-seven children, 6 to 9 years of age, were provided two servings per day (30 g of cereal per serving) of either a low (39 mg/serving) or fortified (156 mg/serving) calcium-containing cereal product for 14 days. Calcium absorption was measured by using stable isotopes added to milk (extrinsically labeled) and to the calcium-fortified cereal (intrinsically labeled). RESULTS: Fractional calcium absorption from the fortified cereal was virtually identical to that from milk. Fractional absorption of calcium from milk did not differ significantly when given with enriched or low-calcium-containing cereal. Total calcium absorption increased from 215 +/- 45 mg/d to 269 +/- 45 mg/d with the addition of the calcium-fortified cereal (P <.001). Iron absorption was similar when children received the calcium-fortified cereal or unfortified cereal. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of a moderate amount of calcium to a cereal product was beneficial to calcium absorption and did not interfere with iron absorption. Use of calcium-fortified food products may be considered a practical approach to increasing the calcium intake of children.

Absorption↗