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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

The prevalence and pathogenesis of naturally-occurring Haemonchus longistipes infection in Sudanese camels.

Camel haemonchosis is prevalent in the Sudan, especially during the rainy season, with a decrease in prevalence in the dry season possibly due to delayed maturation of the worms. The naturally occurring disease in Sudanese camels is characterized by emaciation, anaemia, oedema of the lower parts of the limbs, eosinophilia, hypoproteinaemia, hypoalbuminaemia, hyperglobulinaemia and eosinophilia, as well as elevated blood urea concentrations.

Animal Diseases↗
PubMed1992

Hormonal studies in postpartum female camels and their neonates.

The expulsion of the fetus from the mother at parturition necessitates reorganization of the endocrine status in both individuals. In this study, the patterns of hormonal changes were investigated in postpartum Dromedary camels and their neonates. Blood samples were recovered within a few hours after calving from 10 female Dromedary camels and their calves, and sampling was continued at varying intervals upto Day 21 post partum. Sera were assayed for progesterone, cortisol and thyroid hormone concentrations by specific radioimmunoassays. Progesterone concentrations in the dams varied between 0.5 and 2.0 ng/ml on the day of calving and declined steadily thereafter to become undetectable by Day 9; progesterone remained undetectable in the neonates. Cortisol concentrations were high (25 to 30 ng/ml) at parturition in both the dams and their calves. They declined to 6 to 7 ng/ml in the dams, but became undetectable in the neonates by Day 14 post partum. The thyroid hormones were low in the dams (T4=70; T3=1.6 ng/ml) on Day 1 post partum but then increased gradually to Day 21 (T4=110; T3=2.2 ng/ml). In contrast, thyroid hormone concentrations in the neonates were 4 to 5 times higher than those of their mothers at birth. They declined thereafter but nevertheless remained at almost double the concentrations found in the dams.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1989

Brucellosis of camels in Kuwait.

This study investigated the presence of Brucella antibodies in serum and milk obtained from camels in Kuwait. Brucella strains were also isolated from the foetus using standard technique (Webridge Lab Techniques). Three serological tests for serum were adopted. These tests were Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT), the Serum Tube Agglutination Test (SAT) and the Complement Fixation Test (CFT). The RBPT was used for all sera samples, and both SAT and CET were used for the positive RBPT. Camels that showed a titer of 1:40 in SAT or 1:5 in CFT or greater were considered positive. Thirteen of the samples examined were found positive by CFT (at 1:5); by SAT, they showed a titer of 1:20. One serological test, the Milk Ring Test (MRT), was used for milk. Here 3 and 2 were considered positive reactors but 1+ was considered suspicious. We were unable to isolate the Brucella organism from Sedemine and Cream of milk, but we isolated them from Foetus Brucella abortus and it is confirmed by Webridge Laboratory, U.K. It is Brucella abortus (Biovar 1). The prevalence rate was 14.8% from serum by the CFT and RBPT methods and 10.8% by the SAT method. For milk, the prevalence rate was 8.0%. Two Brucella abortus were isolated from 5 foetuses.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1982

The level and distribution of disaccharidases in the camel (Camelus dromedarius) intestine.

1. The disaccharidases, cellobiase, isomaltase, lactase, maltase, sucrase and trehalase were investigated for presence in the camel (Camelus dromedarius) intestine and pancreas. All, except sucrase, were present. 2. Their levels of activities were measured at different positions of the small and large intestines and the location of maximum level of activity for each enzymes along the intestinal tract was established. 3. High levels of activities were determined in the contents of the intestinal lumen and, therefore, it is absorbed into the cells of the epithelial villi and hydrolyzed there. 4. The possibility of carbohydrate digestion in camel intestine is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Effects of water deprivation on urea metabolism in camels, desert sheep and desert goats fed dry desert grass.

1. The effects of water restriction and complete water deprivation on nitrogen retention and urea recycling were examined in camels, desert sheep and desert goats fed only dry desert grass of 3.2% crude protein content. 2. All three species were in negative nitrogen balance when water was available ad libitum. 3. In camels urea recycling was consistently high (94-97%) and nitrogen balance did not change with treatment. 4. In sheep and goats urea recycling increased from 75% to 94% (sheep) and from 79% to 95% (goats) during water deprivation, and nitrogen balance improved to positive values. 5. In all species water deprivation depressed dry matter intake and increased apparent digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen. 6. The effects of water restriction were generally intermediate. 7. These results suggest that nitrogen metabolism in adult domestic livestock raised by nomadic pastoralists in Sudan is not harmed, and may in fact be improved by short periods of water deprivation.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Parturition in the camel (Camelus dromedarius) and some behavioral aspects of their newborn.

Symptoms of approaching parturition and the stage of parturition were described for eight pluriparous camels. The average time for the complete process of parturition was 373.9 +/- 38.2 min. The body weights at birth of the newborn males and females were 31.3 +/- 1.69 and 24.5 +/- 2.5 kg, respectively. Standing and first suckling by the neonatal camels occurred at 68.6 +/- 6.2 and 98.6 +/- 11.3 min, respectively.

Allantoin↗
PubMed1988

The Arabian race camel normal parameters--I. Haemogram, enzymes and minerals.

1. Racing camels' (Camelus dromedarius) normal blood parameters were determined in Al-Ain, U.A.E. The parameters were: packed cell volume, haemoglobin, total red and white blood cells, the activities of glutamate oxaloacetate (GOT), creatinine kinase (CK), gamma-glutamyl transferase (gamma-GT) and CK muscle-brain isoenzyme and the concentrations of creatinine, urea, total protein, albumin, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, zinc, copper and iron. 2. Most blood parameters were found to differ from those of other domestic animals and from non-race camels. 3. The data are discussed in relation to the management system practised.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The influence of high dietary protein, energy and mineral intake on deficient young camel (Camelus dromedarius)--II. Changes in mineral status.

1. Mangrove Avicennia marina is poor in some trace elements such as copper, zinc and manganese. In a trial we used 32 young camels divided into four groups. 2. Groups 1 and 3 were supplemented with copper and zinc in drinking water after 1 month of mangrove feeding. 3. Groups 2 and 3 received concentrate rich in protein and energy. The supplementation was stopped after 2 months. 4. All the camels were deficient in trace elements at the beginning of mineral supplementation. 5. The plasma concentration of copper increased significantly up to normal levels (less than 70 micrograms/100 ml) in energy protein supplemented groups, but the quantity supplied (100 mg of copper sulphate/day) was not sufficient to maintain this level after the end of supplementation. 6. The original zinc deficiency was too severe to observe a significant effect of the mineral supplementation. 7. Calcium, magnesium and phosphorus levels were improved during the supplementation period in protein-energy supplemented groups. 8. A high interaction between mineral absorption and quality of the diet was observed. A well-balanced diet seems essential to avoid deficient mineral status.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Normal concentrations of some blood constituents in young Najdi camels (Camelus dromedarius).

Normal concentrations of some blood constituents were determined in young male Najdi (Saudi) camels. The mean values were as follows: total protein = 62.3 +/- 8.9 g/l, albumin = 33.5 +/- 8.9 g/l, bilirubin = 8.7 +/- 1.7 mumol/l, urea = 6.6 +/- 1 mumol/l, uric acid = 232 +/- 35.7 mumol/l, iron = 10.4 +/- 5.7 mumol/l, total iron binding capacity = 40.4 + 7.3 mumol/l, AST = 12 +/- 5 IU/l ALT = 9 +/- 4 IU/l and ALP = 42.6 + 21.3 IU/l. These values were compared with those reported by other investigators in camels with different ages, sexes and breeds as well as with blood constituents in true ruminants.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1995

Regulation of urinary phosphate excretion in camels.

Urinary inorganic phosphorus (P) excretion was measured in 16 adult female non-pregnant, non-lactating daily watered camels. They were randomly divided into four groups of four animals. Groups 1, 2, and received either an i.v. infusion of phosphate or synthetic human parathyroid hormone (PTH) or PTH-related peptide (PTHrP), respectively. The fourth group was used as a control. Intravenous P loading induced a significant increase in phosphatemia and in P renal clearance. Both PTH and PTHrP increased calcemia and decreased phosphatemia. They had no significant effect on urinary calcium excretion, but they increased P renal clearance and phosphaturia. Thus, the regulation of urinary P excretion in normally watered camels looks similar to that already described in other ruminants.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Metabolic profiles and risks of diseases in camels in temperature conditions.

A survey of 65 female camels has been conducted over a 1-year period in France to determine their metabolic profiles and to study the correlations between this profile and the feeding and health status in temperate conditions. The following parameters were measured: protein (albumin, globulin, total protein), urea, glucose, free fatty acid, liver enzymes (GLDH, GGT, GOT), minerals (Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn) and ceruloplasmin. The values obtained were similar to those reported in desert areas throughout the world, but the standard deviation was generally higher. This important variation might be due to the large variability of feeding conditions: albumin (36.4 +/- 4.7 g/l), total globulin (32.7 +/- 5.1 g/l), total protein (69.2 +/- 6.1 g/l), urea (30.0 +/- 14.8 mg/100 ml), glucose (111.0 +/- 12.2 mg/100 ml), FFA (0.15 +/- 0.15 mmol/l), GLDH (5.8 +/- 10.8 IU/l), GGT (10.1 +/- 5.8 IU/l), GOT (48.1 +/- 14.3 IU/l), calcium (10.2 +/- 6.5 mg/100 ml), magnesium (2.6 +/- 0.3 mg/100 ml), copper (65.4 +/- 20.2 micrograms/100 ml), zinc (34.6 +/- 7.8 micrograms/100 ml), ceruplasmin (41.4 +/- 2.6 UO). The season, the mineral supplementation and the health status had a significant effect on the metabolic profile of the she-camels.

Animal Diseases↗
PubMed1982

The pathology of nasopharyngeal myiasis in Saudi Arabian camels (Camelus dromedarius).

Thirty-two out of thirty-five camels examined at Jeddah and Riyadh slaughter houses were infected with the camel nasal bot Cephalopina titillator. The larvae occurred mainly in the nasopharynx and, occasionally, degenerated larvae were found embedded between the turbinated bones. In the pharynx, the pathological changes included the formation of lymphoid nodules, with central abscesses, at the sites of larval attachment, and a combination of inflammatory, degenerative and reparative processes in other parts of the pharyngeal wall. The nasal cavity was congested and filled with mucus in which some larvae were entangled.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The pathogenesis of experimental Haemonchus longistipes infection in camels.

The pathogenesis and clinical signs of Haemonchus longistipes infection were studied in four experimentally infected camels two of which were adults and the other two were young. In the former animals, an acute infection developed, characterized by mucoid diarrhoea, anorexia, anaemia, loss of body weight, oedema of the lower parts of the limbs, general malaise and death at 8-10 weeks post-infection. In the two younger camels, a less dramatic disease was encountered with less severe symptoms and no oedema, but also terminating fatally at 19-20 weeks post-infection. Parasitological, haematological and biochemical parameters were determined during the course of the infection and were mostly comparable with those usually encountered in haemonchosis of other animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Camel trypanosomiasis and its vectors in Somalia.

Blood samples from 3000 Somali camels (Camelus dromedarius) were examined for trypanosome infection. Of these, 160 (5.33%) were infected with Trypanosoma evansi, one (0.03%) with T. congolense and one (0.03%) with T. brucei. Camel trypanosomiasis occurred in most areas of tabanid infestation throughout the country. The tabanids Philoliche zonata and P. magretti are incriminated as the major vectors of the disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Camel trypanosomosis in Rajasthan, India.

Blood samples from 240 camels (Camelus dromedarius) were examined for trypanosome infection. Of these, 18 (7.50%) were found to be infected using the wet blood Giemsa stain technique, while 76 (31.66%) camels were found to be positive for Trypanosoma evansi antigen using the double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The latter was found to be a more useful method for the detection of current infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Trypanosoma simiae in the white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) and the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius).

Trypanosoma simiae was identified as the cause of a disease outbreak in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) introduced to Tsavo East National Park, confirming the susceptibility of camels to this pathogen. T. simiae was also isolated from a new host, the white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) through xenodiagnosis with a susceptible tsetse species (Glossina morsitans centralis). A white rhinoceros showed some evidence of anaemia and lymphopaenia when harbouring T. simiae, but did not suffer any long-term health effects.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Prevalence of Sarcocystis in camels (Camelus dromedarius) from Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.

The oesophagus, diaphragm and heart of 103 camels slaughtered at Al-Ahsa abattoir were investigated for infection with sarcocysts. Sarcocystis cysts were found in 91 camels (88.35%): in the diaphragm of 79.6%, oesophagus of 72.8% and heart of 71.8%. Two morphologically distinct sarcocysts were found. Thin-walled cysts (141-400 x 70.5-188 microns) were in all the three indicator organs while the thick-walled cysts (170-194 x 117.5-188 microns) were only found in the oesophagus. Experimental feeding of four cats and two dogs with sarcocysts-infected meat showed that cats were refractory to the infection while dogs excreted Sarcocystis sp. sporocysts (10.7-14.3 x 8.3-10.7 microns mean, 13.2 +/- 0.32 x 9.4 +/- 0.20 microns) after a prepatent period of 9-10 days. It was concluded that dogs may be the final host of both types of sarcocysts or that one of these cysts develops in dogs while the other one uses other carnivores living in the desert as the final host.

Animals↗