PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Capsule Endoscopes”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Capsule endoscopy: a case study of an 11-year-old girl.

Small-bowel disorders have typically been challenging to diagnose because of difficulty visualizing this organ. The recent development of an innovative M2A trade mark Capsule that provides video visualization of the small bowel may have a unique niche in the diagnosis of small bowel disorders. This article highlights a pediatric patient's experience of capsule endoscopy to help the reader more clearly understand the procedure and appropriate nursing care.

Child↗
PubMed1994

Endoscopic resection of a subthalamic cavernous angioma: technical case report.

Endoscopic resection of a cavernous angioma at the subthalamic region was performed in a 33-year-old woman who presented with diplopia and progressive hemiparesis caused by recurrent hemorrhages. The entire surgical procedure was done through an 8-mm guiding tube inserted stereotactically from a frontal burr hole via an approach that traversed the anterior limb of the internal capsule. The patient's symptoms improved after surgery. This is believed to be the first report describing successful resection of a cavernous angioma located at the subthalamic region.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

An anatomic evaluation of T-Fix suture device placement for arthroscopic all-inside meniscal repair.

This investigation documented the locations of endoscopically applied T-Fix suture devices (Acufex Microsurgical, Mansfield, MA) placed in six fresh-frozen cadaveric knees (age, 60 to 72 years) in relationship to the joint capsule, and adjacent neurovascular and musculotendinous structures. Five T-Fix devices were placed in the posterior meniscal regions at approximately 20 degree intervals. Gross dissection enabled T-Fix bar and suture placement identification. Fifty total devices were placed (23 medially and 27 laterally). Lateral: None of the devices penetrated more superficially than the deepest capsular layer (layer III). Six of the 27 devices placed at the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus pierced the popliteus tendon. None of the bars pierced the lateral collateral ligament (layer III). All devices placed at the posterolateral knee were outside the arcuate ligament (layer III) but inside the fabellofibular ligament (layer II). Medial: Seven of the 23 devices pierced the deep medial collateral ligament (MCL, layer III), and 4 pierced the superficial MCL (layer II). Three devices pierced the sartorius tendon (layer I) and one pierced the gracilis tendon (layer II). None of the medial devices created a plicating effect on the posterior capsule. None of the devices were placed near neurovascular structures. Devices placed within the posterior meniscal horns had a > or =1.5-cm buffer zone from the popliteal neurovascular bundle. Most bars (36 of 50) were anchored to the capsular layer (layer III) after piercing the meniscocapsular junction (layer II). T-Fix devices simulating arthroscopic all-inside meniscal repair provided well-positioned, solid suture anchorage through the junction with no neurovascular involvement. Care needs to be taken when placing lateral (popliteus muscle) and medial (gracilis, sartorius tendons and superficial MCL) devices to avoid possible soft tissue tenodesis.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

The role of video capsule endoscopy in the diagnosis of digestive diseases: a review of current possibilities.

Video capsule endoscopy represents a significant advance in the investigation of intestinal diseases. The performance of the procedure and indications are reviewed here in order to establish guidelines for its use, in accordance with current knowledge from the published literature. Capsule endoscopy is performed in patients who have fasted for 12 h, but who are allowed to drink 2 h after and to eat 4 h after ingesting the capsule. Software features highlighting suspected blood and allowing simultaneous viewing of two images reduce the time required to review the findings, as well as improving the diagnostic yield. Pacemakers and other electrical medical devices are no longer a contraindication to the procedure. Indications that have been validated include obscure digestive bleeding, intestinal lesions related to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and familial polyposis. Capsule endoscopy frequently detects intestinal lesions in patients with Crohn's disease and could become the first-choice examination in patients with suspected Crohn's disease after conventional endoscopic investigations. Other indications currently under evaluation include celiac disease, pediatric indications, and examination of other parts of the gastrointestinal tract.

Contraindications↗
PubMed1993

Ultrasound-controlled neuronavigator-guided brain surgery.

The development of a unique neurosurgical navigator is described and a preliminary series of seven cases of intracerebral lesions approached with the assistance of this neuronavigation system under ultrasound control is presented. The clinical series included five low-grade astrocytomas, one chronic intracerebral hematoma, and one porencephalic cyst. Management procedures included biopsy in all cases, drainage of the hematoma, and endoscopy and fenestration for the cyst. The features of the neuronavigation system are interactive reconstructions of preoperative computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging data, corresponding intraoperative ultrasound images, versatility of the interchangeable end-effector instruments, graphic presentation of instruments on the reconstructed images, and voice control of the system. The principle of a common axis in the reconstructed images served to align the navigational pointer, biopsy guide, endoscope guide, ultrasound transducer, and surgical microscope to the brain anatomy. Intraoperative ultrasound imaging helped to verify the accuracy of the neuronavigator and check the results of the procedures. The arm of the neuronavigation system served as a holder for instruments, such as the biopsy guide, endoscope guide, and ultrasound transducer, in addition to functioning as a navigational pointer. Also, the surgical microscope was aligned with the neuronavigator for inspection and biopsy of the hematoma capsule to rule out tumor etiology. Voice control freed the neurosurgeon from manual exercises during start-up and calibration of the system.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

The role of video capsule endoscopy in the evaluation of iron deficiency anaemia.

It is widely accepted that chronic occult blood loss from the gastrointestinal tract is a major cause of iron deficiency anaemia. Endoscopists are often asked to evaluate iron deficiency anaemia and identify the source of bleeding. This review offers an effective diagnostic strategy for this common clinical problem. After investigating the normal upper and lower parts of the gastrointestinal tract, the source of bleeding remains unidentified in about 10% of patients. The existing guidelines for evaluation of iron deficiency anaemia in patients above the age of 45, who have undergone standard upper and lower gastrointestinal examinations, are limited to a "treat and observe" phase. Small bowel X-ray series fail to detect many mucosal lesions, particularly vascular ectasias. While enteroscopy offers direct visual inspection of the small bowel mucosa beyond the reach of the standard upper endoscopes, this instrument reaches only 80-120 cm beyond the ligament of Treitz and its sensitivity in identifying the source of bleeding varies (24-75% of patients). A new and conceptually simple approach to examining the entire small intestine is video capsule endoscopy of the small bowel. This review addresses the optimal role of video capsule endoscopy in iron deficiency anaemia patients and offers guidelines for the appropriate gastrointestinal evaluation in such patients.

Algorithms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Intraoperative urological complications in transurethral surgical interventions on the prostate for benign hyperplasia].

Wide clinical introduction of endoscopic methods in management of lower urinary tract (LUT) diseases is explained both by their high efficacy and relative safety. In spite of perfection of endourological tools, no large-scale clinical trials have been performed of late analyzing the rate of complications of endoscopic treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). A total of 5401 transurethral endoscopic operations were made in BPH patients. The spectrum of endoscopic operations made in the Research Institute of Urology (1991-2003) and Krasnodar Regional Hospital N 1 (1998-2003) covered the following operations: transurethral prostatic resection (5003-92.6%), transurethral prostatic incision (112-2.1%), transurethral rolling electrovaporisation of the prostate (119-2.2%), transurethral vaporizing resection of the prostate (107-1.98%), transurethral rotoresection of the prostate (60-1.1%). Overall number of intraoperative complications was 191 or 3.5%. Most frequent complications were closed and open perforation of the prostatic capsule (1.6 and 0.4%, respectively), a mechanical trauma of the prostate and urethra (0.3 and 0.15%, respectively), development of the syndrome of water intoxication (0.13%), intraoperative blood loss compensated by hemotransfusion (0.5%). Rare complications comprised injury of the ureteral ostia (0.09%), rupture of the urinary bladder (0.02%). Thus, transurethral endoscopic surgery is characterized by high safety, a trend to lowering of the number of intraoperative complications in transurethral endoscopic operations. Adherence to specification and TUR techniques leads to minimization of serious complications number.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

A randomized trial comparing holmium laser enucleation of the prostate with transurethral resection of the prostate for the treatment of bladder outlet obstruction secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia in large glands (40 to 200 grams).

PURPOSE: Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) is a surgical treatment for bladder outlet obstruction secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia. HoLEP is a transurethral procedure that uses the holmium laser fiber (wavelength 2,140 nm) to dissect whole prostatic lobes off of the surgical capsule in retrograde fashion, while maintaining excellent hemostasis. The lobes are removed from the bladder by a purpose built transurethral morcellator, which means that large volume prostates can be enucleated endoscopically. We compared this procedure with transurethral prostate resection (TURP) in a randomized trial by evaluating outcomes in patients with a prostate volume of 40 to 200 ml on transrectal ultrasound. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 61 patients with urodynamically proved bladder outlet obstruction secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia were randomized to TURP or HoLEP. Perioperative parameters recorded included resectoscope, laser, electrocautery, morcellation and catheter time, hospital stay, bladder irrigation, volume blood transfusion the rate and resected tissue weight. Patients were followed 1, 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively with peak urinary flow rate measurement and quality of life and American Urological Association symptom scores. Patients also underwent urodynamic assessment at 6 months with measurement of peak detrusor pressure at maximal flow, post-void residual volume and prostate volume by transrectal ultrasound. Continence, potency and all adverse events were recorded at each visit. RESULTS: HoLEP was superior to TURP in terms of mean catheter time (17.7 +/- 0.7 vs 44.9 +/- 10 hours) and hospital stay (27.6 +/- 2.7 vs 49.9 +/- 5.6 hours) but it required more time to perform (62.1 +/- 5.9 vs 33.1 +/- 3.7 minutes). More prostate tissue was removed in the HoLEP group (40.4 +/- 5.7 vs 24.7 +/- 3.4 gm). HoLEP was also superior to TURP in terms of relieving urodynamic obstruction at 6 months of followup (postoperative detrusor pressure at maximum flow 20.8 +/- 2.8 vs 40.7 +/- 2.7 cm H2O). HoLEP and TURP led to significant improvements in peak flow rates, symptom scores and quality of life scores compared with baseline and there was no significant difference between the 2 procedures with respect to these parameters at 12 months. Fewer adverse events were recorded in the HoLEP group. CONCLUSIONS: HoLEP is superior to TURP for relieving bladder outlet obstruction in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. It allows more rapid catheter removal and hospital discharge. It requires more time to perform than TURP but more prostate tissue is removed, resulting in similar efficiency in tissue retrieval. HoLEP is equivalent to TURP in relieving men of lower urinary tract symptoms and in improving peak urinary flow rates at 12 months of followup.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Long-term treatment with rifaximin and lactobacilli in post-diverticulitic stenoses of the colon.

The authors report their endoscopic experience in the treatment of intestinal inflammatory complications and their prevention with cyclic antibiotic treatment (rifaximin 400 mg b.i.d. for 7 days/month), followed by recolonizing treatment with lactobacilli (2 capsules in the morning for 7 days/month), for an overall period of 12 months. In all 79 cases (45 males and 34 females, mean age 63 years, range 55-75 years), the treatment proved capable of controlling the symptoms and averting the onset of the complications which follow attacks of acute diverticulitis. These complications include uncontrollable sepsis, free perforation of a hollow viscus, evolutive fistulation, intestinal occlusion, abscesses not drained percutaneously, all factors which necessitate urgent elective surgery. Rifaximin, together with lactobacillus treatment, proved to be effective, well-tolerated and safe, and can thus be considered an indispensable aid in the treatment of diverticular disease and in the prevention of its complications.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Retroperitoneoscopic subcapsular nephrectomy for infective nonfunctioning kidney with dense perinephric adhesions.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility and clinical efficacy of retroperitoneoscopic subcapsular nephrectomy for infective nonfunctioning kidneys with dense perinephric adhesions. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twelve patients underwent retroperitoneoscopic subcapsular nephrectomy; the operative duration, blood loss, intestinal functional recovery time, complications during surgery and efficacy were recorded. Dissociation and ligation of the renal pedicle was the most important step, at which the renal capsule was cut near the renal hilum using a harmonic scalpel, and the fatty tissue around the renal hilum dissected carefully. The renal pedicle was then ligated and divided using an endoscopic linear stapler-cutter after the renal pedicle tissues had been separated to an adequate thickness. RESULTS: All 12 operations were successful and none required conversion to open surgery. The mean (SD, range) operative duration was 82.9 (22.3, 45-120) min, the blood loss 51.4 (12.2, 30-75) mL and the intestinal functional recovery time 12-48 h. There were no complications during or after the surgery, and in the follow-up of 1-15 months the short-term results were satisfactory. CONCLUSION: Retroperitoneoscopic subcapsular nephrectomy can be used safely to remove an infected and heavily adhesive nonfunctioning kidney, with minimal trauma and blood loss, and with faster recovery than after an open subcapsular nephrectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Therapeutic effects of the combination of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine on patients with peptic ulcers].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of the combination of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine on patients with peptic ulcers. METHODS: One hundred and twenty patients were randomly divided into 6 groups. Another 10 patients as the control group were confirmed with no peptic ulcers by endoscope, but had digestive tract symptoms. The clinical effects were compared among each group after the one month treatment. RESULTS: The clinical effects of the combination of Jianweiyuyang granules and ranitidine capsules were better than those of western medicine, with improvement in symptoms and syndrome (P < 0.01 to 0.05), but there was not significant difference with the rate of ulcer healing and the Hp clearance among the combination of Jianweiyuyang granules and ranitidine capsules, Jianweiyuyang granules, and ranitidine capsules (P > 0.05). The combination of Jianweiyuyang granules and ranitidine capsules could significantly upregulate the expression of MUCSAC mRNA (P < 0.01), while downregulate the expression of ETAR mRNA (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: There is obvious advantage in treating peptic ulcers by the combination of Jianweiyuyang granules and ranitidine capsules, and its mechanisms may be to protect the gastric mucosal barrier by up-regulating the expression of MUCSAC mRNA and to improve the gastric mucosal blood flow by down-regulating the expression of ETAR mRNA.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Inflammatory tumor in pancreatic tail induced by endoscopic ablation with cyanoacrylate glue for gastric varices.

A 65-year-old Japanese man was hospitalized with back pain in April 1998. At age 63 years, endoscopic ablation with cyanoacrylate glue had been performed for bleeding gastric varices. At the time of the present admission, a low-density mass (about 23 mm in diameter) was seen in the tail of the pancreas, and splenic vein occlusion and collateral veins were revealed on computed tomography. A hypoechoic tumor (about 22 mm in diameter) and splenic vein occlusion were clearly visualized on the pancreas tail via endoscopic ultrasonography. Venous phase of the splenic arteriogram revealed a completely occluded splenic vein in the hilus of the spleen. Thus, the patient was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer (stage I: T2N0M0). A surgical resection of the pancreatic tumor was performed, and a pancreatic tail resection with part of stomach around the pancreas tail, and splenectomy, were selected for this patient, in June 1998. Histopathological examination of the resected tumor revealed capsuled abscess formation with foreign body reaction between the stomach and the pancreas tail, and necrosis was present in the pancreas around the abscess. There were some deposits of cyanoacrylate glue in the tumor. The mass was considered to be an inflammatory tumor. In summary, this case of inflammatory pancreas tumor is a novel complication after endoscopic obliterative therapy with cyanoacrylate glue.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Detachable self-sealing membrane system for the endoscopic treatment of incontinence.

PURPOSE: The endoscopic treatment of urinary incontinence is limited by the injectable substances currently available. The ideal injectable material should be able to conserve its volume, be nonmigratory and nonantigenic. Toward this goal we developed a system for the treatment of incontinence in which a catheter with an inflatable and detachable self-sealing silicone membrane fits through a standard cystoscopic needle. We present our experience with this system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 20 female beagle dogs underwent cystoscopy and in 15 a self-sealing membrane was placed endoscopically in the submucosal region of the proximal urethra at the 3 and 9 o'clock positions. Each membrane was inflated through the delivery catheter with 0.2 cc povidone. Coaptation of the urethra due to the relative bulking effect of the inflated membrane was confirmed endoscopically in each animal. Five control animals received only an injection of saline. Four animals were sacrificed at 1, 3, 6, 12 and 18 months, respectively. At sacrifice gross and histological examinations were performed. RESULTS: At retrieval up to 18 months after implantation the membrane remained inflated and at the same position at which it had been initially placed. There was no evidence of povidone volume loss or extravasation. Membranes were encapsulated by a fibrous capsule. Only a few inflammatory cells surrounded the capsule by month 1 and there were none by month 3. Histological examination of periurethral tissue and distant organs showed no evidence of particle migration. CONCLUSIONS: The detachable self-sealing membrane system is easily implantable, nonmigratory, nonantigenic and able to conserve its volume. These studies indicate that this system may be effective for the endoscopic treatment of incontinence.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Pro-kinetic medications as aids in imaging the small bowel by video-capsule.

The m2a wireless video-capsule (Given Imaging Ltd., Israel) is a miniature ingestible camera utilized for the color imaging of the small intestine walls. Despite its diagnostic yield superiority over all other diagnostic modalities, a substantial part of the pathologies are not spotted. Considering the transmitted pictures high quality a resolution problem is ruled out, but rather it is assumed that parts of the intestinal wall surface are missed in the imaging process. Another important problem is the difficulty encountered by the capsule in crossing the antro-duodenal junction, probably due to pyloric hypomotility. Pro-kinetic drugs are capable of increasing the small intestine peristaltic wave velocity and contractile amplitude, thus assisting the video-capsule movements and widening the camera photo arc. The arc width is directly proportional to the surface imaging capacity. A specific dose range (cisapride 25-30 mg, metoclopramide 30 mg approximately) is calculated and an analysis is made of the use of these pro-kinetic drugs to increase the device diagnostic yield. It should be emphasized that: (1) despite a potential risk for complications, such as bleeding from small intestine lesions, radiological studies underline the high safety profile of metoclopramide; (2) increased capsule speed of progress is not expected to cause a loss of imaged area; (3) an oral dose below 15 mg (metoclopramide or cisapride) may not suffice to accelerate the capsule transit through the antro-duodenal junction. The concept is patent protected.

Antiemetics↗
PubMed2004

Effects of probiotic on intestinal mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis.

AIM: To investigate the effects of probiotic on intestinal mucosae of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), and to evaluate the role of probiotic in preventing the relapse of UC. METHODS: Thirty patients received treatment with sulphasalazine (SASP) and glucocorticoid and then were randomly administered bifid triple viable capsule (BIFICO) (1.26 g/d), or an identical placebo (starch) for 8 wk. Fecal samples were collected for stool culture 2 wk before and after the randomized treatments. The patients were evaluated clinically, endoscopically and histologically after 2 mo of treatment or in case of relapse of UC. p65 and IkappaB expressions were determined by Western blot analysis. DNA-binding activity of NF-kappaB in colonic nuclear extracts was detected by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). mRNA expressions of cytokines were identified by semi-quantitative assay, reverse transcriptase- polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: Three patients (20%) in the BIFICO group had relapses during 2-mo follow-up period, compared with 14 (93.3%) in placebo group (P<0.01). The concentration of fecal lactobacilli, bifidobacteria was significantly increased in BIFICO-treated group only (P<0.01). The expressions of NF-kappaB p65 and DNA binding activity of NF-kappaB were significantly attenuated in the treatment group than that in control (P<0.05). The mRNA expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines was elevated in comparison with the control group. CONCLUSION: The probiotic could impede the activation of NF-kappaB, decrease the expressions of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta and elevate the expression of IL-10. These results suggest that oral administration of this new probiotic preparation is effective in preventing flare-ups of chronic UC. It may become a prophylactic drug to decrease the relapse of UC.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
PubMed2006

Inter-observer variations on interpretation of capsule endoscopies.

OBJECTIVE: Capsule endoscopy is a novel investigation for diagnosing small bowel diseases. However, its interpretation is highly subjective and the potential variability may compromise its accuracy and reliability. Here we studied the potential inter-observer variations on the interpretation of capsule endoscopy. METHOD: Two residents and one specialist in gastroenterology independently reviewed 58 capsule endoscopy studies in the same sequential order. The gastric transit time, small bowel transit time, and the most significant small bowel lesion were independently recorded. The consensus transit time was determined by the joint review of the three gastroenterologists. The 'gold standard' for small bowel diagnoses was based on final surgical, endoscopic findings or consensus diagnosis. RESULTS: Clinically significant and relevant small bowel lesions were found in 32 (55%) cases by consensus review. The overall mean accuracy in determining gastric emptying time, small bowel transit time and small bowel lesion was 89%, 76% and 80%, respectively. There was a significant difference in the accuracy between the residents and specialist on small bowel transit time (P<0.05) and small bowel diagnosis (P<0.05). The mean kappa values on small bowel diagnosis among the three viewers was 0.56 (range, 0.52-0.59). Among various small bowel diagnoses, small bowel bleeding was more accurately identified than other pathology. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that there is moderate degree of inter-observer discrepancies on the interpretation of capsule endoscopy. A second reading by an experienced viewer might improve the diagnostic accuracy of this investigation.

Adolescent↗