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PubMed1981

Age effects on Trail Making Test performance.

The Trail Making Test, used in differentiating brain-damaged from non-brain-damaged individuals, was administered to 150 non-brain-damaged subjects classified into five age decades to determine the effects of age on performance. Between-group comparisons as well as correlational data indicated that older subjects performed significantly more poorly than younger subjects. Significant small negative correlations of performance with education and intelligence suggested that lower intelligence and education also may adversely affect performance. Some implications of these findings for clinical neuropsychology are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Further examination of seventeen mutations in Escherichia coli F1-ATPase beta-subunit.

Seventeen mutations in beta-subunit of Escherichia coli F1-ATPase which had previously been characterized in strain AN1272 (Mu-induced mutant) were expressed in strain JP17 (beta-subunit gene deletion). Six showed unchanged behavior, namely: C137Y; G142D; G146S; G207D; Y297F; and Y354F. Five failed to assemble F1F0 correctly, namely: G149I; G154I; G149I,G154I; G223D; and P403S,G415D. Six assembled F1F0 correctly, but with membrane ATPase lower than in AN1272, namely: K155Q; K155E; E181Q; E192Q; D242N; and D242V. AN1272 was shown to unexpectedly produce a small amount of wild-type beta-subunit; F1-ATPase activities reported previously in AN1272 were referable to hybrid enzymes containing both mutant and wild-type beta-subunits. Purified F1 was obtained from K155Q; K155E; E181Q; E192Q; and D242N mutants in JP17. Vmax ATPase values were lower, and unisite catalysis rate and equilibrium constants were perturbed to greater extent, than in AN1272. However, general patterns of perturbation revealed by difference energy diagrams were similar to those seen previously, and the new data correlated well in linear free energy relationships for reaction steps of unisite catalysis. Correlation between multisite and unisite ATPase activity was seen in the new enzymes. Overall, the data give strong support to previously proposed mechanisms of unisite catalysis, steady-state catalysis, and energy coupling in F1-ATPases (Al-Shawi, M. K., Parsonage, D. and Senior, A. E. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 4402-4410). The K155Q, K155E, D242N, and E181Q mutations caused 5000-fold, 4000-fold, 1800-fold, and 700-fold decrease, respectively, in Vmax ATPase, implying possibly direct roles for these residues in catalysis. Experiments with the D242N mutant suggested a role for residue beta D242 in catalytic site Mg2+ binding.

Catalysis↗

PubMed1988

[Does sonographic kidney morphology and morphometry provide evidence of pediatric kidney function?].

Compared with conventional X-ray investigation, ultrasound examination has a variety of advantages in the evaluation of urinary tract disorders in infancy and childhood. It does not involve exposure to contrast medium and radiation; low costs, minimal stress to the young patients, high diagnostic accuracy and easy reproducibility are further benefits. Postoperative follow-up of obstructive disorders can be easily performed and the results quantified by means of ultrasound. Morphometric data correlate well with renal function. As urologists become more familiar with ultrasonic morphologic and morphometric data, X-ray examinations in childhood will be confined to a few specific indications.

Child↗

PubMed2007

A microscale device for measuring emissions from materials for indoor use.

Emission test chambers or cells are used to determine organic vapour emissions from construction products under controlled conditions. Polymeric car trim component emissions are typically evaluated using direct thermal desorption/extraction. The Microchamber/Thermal Extractor (mu-CTE, Markes International) was developed to provide both a complementary tool for rapid screening of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions--suitable for industrial quality control--and a means for thermal extraction of larger, more representative samples of car trim components. To determine the degree of correlation between conventional emission test methods and the microchamber, experiments were carried out under different conditions of temperature, air change rate and sample conditioning time. Good quantitative and qualitative correlation was obtained for measurements at ambient temperature. Moreover, it was shown that ambient-temperature emissions data collected using the mu-CTE as rapidly as possible--i.e. with minimal or no sample conditioning time--nevertheless provided a reliable guide as to how well that material would perform in subsequent 3-day chamber tests of VOC emissions. The parameters found to have the greatest influence on data correlation for experiments carried out at elevated temperatures were the sample mass (for bulk emissions testing) and the conditioning time. The results also showed that, within the constraints of inherent sample homogeneity, the mu-CTE gave reproducible emissions data, despite its small sample size/capacity relative to that of conventional chambers. Preliminary results of modelling the air flow within a microchamber using computational fluid dynamics showed a high degree of turbulent flow and two potential areas of still air which could cause sink effects. However, the experimental data reported here and in previous studies showed enhanced recovery of semivolatile components from the mu-CTE relative to a recovery from a 1 m(3) conventional chamber. This indicates that if these areas of relatively still air are present within the microchamber, they do not appear to be significant in practice.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2006

Correlation of motor evoked potentials with magnetic resonance imaging and neurologic findings in Doberman Pinschers with and without signs of cervical spondylomyelopathy.

OBJECTIVE: To establish the reference ranges for motor evoked potential (MEP) latency and amplitude in clinically normal Doberman Pinschers, compare the MEPs of Doberman Pinschers with and without clinical signs of cervical spondylomyelopathy (CSM; wobbler syndrome), and determine whether MEP data correlate with neurologic or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. ANIMALS: 16 clinically normal and 16 CSM-affected Doberman Pinschers. PROCEDURES: Dogs were classified according to their neurologic deficits. After sedation with acepromazine and hydromorphone, transcranial magnetic MEPs were assessed in each dog; latencies and amplitudes were recorded from the extensor carpi radialis and cranial tibial muscles. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed to evaluate the presence and severity of spinal cord compression. RESULTS: Significant differences in cranial tibial muscle MEP latencies and amplitudes were detected between clinically normal and CSM-affected dogs. No differences in the extensor carpi radialis MEP were detected between groups. There was a significant correlation (r = 0.776) between the cranial tibial muscle MEP latencies and neurologic findings. Significant correlations were also found between MRI findings and the cranial tibial muscle MEP latencies (r = 0.757) and amplitudes (r = -0.453). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results provided a reference range for MEPs in clinically normal Doberman Pinschers and indicated that cranial tibial muscle MEP latencies correlated well with both MRI and neurologic findings. Because of the high correlation between cranial tibial muscle MEP data and neurologic and MRI findings, MEP assessment could be considered as a screening tool in the management of dogs with spinal cord disease.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Do tests of malingering concur? Concordance among malingering measures.

Malingering test accuracy is increasingly a major issue in psychology and law. Integrating results across measures might offset limitations of a single test, but the practical benefits of using several tests depend on the extent to which they misclassify the same individuals. Data from 66 evaluatees were used to assess the degree of overlap and consistency of classification among several commonly used malingering instruments. Although correlative data indicated that measures were highly redundant even across symptom domains, classification accuracy analyses revealed that findings based on conjunctions of these scales may not overlap to the degree that the correlations might suggest.

Data Collection↗

PubMed1983

Multimodality evoked potentials and neurophysiological tests in multiple sclerosis. Effects of hyperthermia on test results.

Data on critical frequency of photic driving (CFPD), frequency following response (FFR), and visual, somatosensory (peroneal nerve), and brain-stem auditory evoked potentials (EPs) were obtained from 20 patients who had clinically definite multiple sclerosis and ten healthy normal subjects in a controlled, balanced study under normothermic and hyperthermic (+1 degrees C) conditions with a test-retest interval of one week. Normal subjects' test results showed no changes during hyperthermia. Patients' EP and CFPD data correlated well with history, clinical signs, and symptoms during both normothermia and hyperthermia. The FFR test data were equivocal and not fully analyzed. Data from the four other tests showed additional patient abnormalities during hyperthermia. Multimodality testing increased the number of patient abnormalities compared with single tests, and the number increased further during hyperthermia. Test-retest reproducibility was higher during hyperthermia.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Development of a fluorescence polarization assay for peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase.

Peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase (Pth) activity ensures the rapid recycling of peptidyl-tRNAs that result from premature termination of translation. Historically, the hydrolyzing activity of Pth has been assayed with radiolabeled N-blocked aminoacyl-tRNAs in assay systems that require the separation of radiolabeled amino acid from the N-blocked aminoacyl-tRNA complex. In the present study, we describe the development of a kinetic fluorescence polarization (FP) assay that enables measurements of Pth activity without the need to separate bound and free tracer. The hydrolyzing activity of Pth was determined by measuring the change in polarization values that resulted from the cleavage of a fluorescently labeled substrate (BODIPY-Lys-tRNA(Lys)). The data were analyzed using an equation describing first-order dissociation and the results showed that the experimental data correlated well with the theoretical curve. A runs test of the residuals showed that the experimental data did not significantly differ from the first-order model. The assay is adaptable to a multiwell format and is sensitive enough to detect Pth-like activity in bacterial cell lysate. The Pth FP assay provides a homogeneous and kinetic format for measuring Pth activity in vitro.

Acetylation↗

PubMed2006

Patterns of invasion and histological growth as prognostic indicators in urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract.

The biological significance of squamous and glandular differentiation and different patterns of invasion in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma is unclear. We reviewed 268 cases of consecutive upper urinary tract carcinomas with respect to the presence of squamous and/or glandular differentiation and different patterns of invasion (nodular, trabecular, and infiltrative) and correlated data with patient outcome. Squamous or glandular differentiation occurred in 47/268 (18%) tumors and its presence correlated with high tumor stage (P<0.001) and grade (P<0.001). Invasive patterns were nodular in 49/227 (22%), trabecular in 95/227 (42%), and infiltrative in 83/227 (37%) tumors. The nodular pattern prevailed in low stage (P<0.001) and low-grade (P<0.001) tumors, whereas the infiltrative pattern prevailed in high stage (P<0.001) and high-grade (P<0.001) tumors. Multivariate analysis proved that tumor stage (P<0.001) and the infiltrative pattern (P<0.001) are independent predictors of metastasis-free survival, whereas tumor grade and squamous and glandular differentiation lacked independent influence on patient outcome. In conclusion, the infiltrative pattern of invasion significantly correlated with advanced disease and poor patient outcome. In contrast, the presence of squamous and/or glandular invasion did not prove independent influence on patient outcome. The pattern of invasion should be commented upon separately in the pathology report.

Adult↗

PubMed1976

The effect of premenstrual anxiety and depression on cognitive function.

The Depression Adjective Check List, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and a battery of factor analytically derived cognitive tests sensitive to anxiety or depression were administered to 50 women between the ages of 30 and 45 during the 4 days prior to the onset of menstruation and again 2 weeks later. Testing sessions were scheduled on the basis of a previously completed Menstrual Distress Questionnaire. There were significant increases in anxiety and depression during the premenstruum. However, no statistically significant differences were found in cognitive test performance, and correlation data failed to support any consistent relationship between premenstrual mood and cognitive function. Moreover, no significant correlations were found between premenstrual complaints on the Menstrual Distress Questionnaire and either cognitive test performance or mood scores obtained during the premenstrual testing sessions. It was concluded that the magnitude of the premenstrual mood change was not great enough to affect intellectual function. Alternative explanations of the absence of decrements in performance are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Rationalization of quantitative tooth surface loss data for epidemiological research.

Recent UK National Surveys have revealed a high prevalence of tooth surface loss (TSL) because of erosion in Children and Adolescents. Although digital surface mapping and surface matching techniques may be used to quantify its progression with time, reporting TSL of individuals as a function of either mean depth loss or volume loss, this can be inadequate when transferred for epidemiological analysis. For example, a tooth displaying multiple regions of depth loss may deserve to be distinguished from a tooth with a single localised area of erosion, although the total volume change may be the same. A potential solution, explored here, is to use both the quantitative wear data and colour coded surface representation plots generated by such methods to arrive at a single categorical wear score [1 (< or = 5% of surface exhibits TSL) to 5 (> or = 51% of surface exhibits TSL)]. Two examiners independently categorized, on two separate occasions, the TSL of 53 maxillary incisors (26 subjects observed at baseline and 9 months). Their performance was assessed for intra- and inter-examiner agreement by; (i) calculating the percentage of agreement, (ii) a Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test. Thereafter, in cases of disagreement a consensus score was allocated and a regression analysis of this versus the numerically derived percentage of the surface that had undergone change was carried out. Intra- and inter-examiner agreement was 100 and 88.7% respectively and for the inter-examiner comparison P = 0.0456. The categorical scores and the quantitative wear data correlated linearly (R = 0.82). It is concluded that the method used to rationalize the quantitative TSL data is both reproducible and reflects the quantitative data. Its use should be helpful in epidemiological TSL studies but continued vigilance is required in cases of examiner disagreement.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1976

Two minute slope inhalation technique for cerebral blood flow measurement in man. 1. Method.

The two minute slope method of measuring cerebral blood flow (CBF) by inhalation of 133Xe is described. It requires the subject to remain still for only two minutes and is thus applicable to a wide variety of patients and to investigations involving brief physiological stimuli. The influence of extracerebral blood flow on CBF calculated by this method has been studied. Results from the two minute slope inhalation method using two minutes of data correlate well with those obtained by carotid injection using either two minutes or 10 minutes of data.

Administration, Intranasal↗

PubMed1977

[Clinico-electrophysiologic studies of experimental herpetic encephalitis].

Studies on animals demonstrated that in experimental herpetic encephalitis there is a diffuse retardation of background bioelectric brain activity and a proxysmal activity of 2 types: peek complex-slow waves 3 per 1 sec. and periodical paroxysmal complexes. There is also an increase of latent periods, duration and amplitudes of visual evoked potentials. Electrophysiological data correlate with the clinical picture of herpetic encephalitis and pathomorphological changes in the CNS. The obtained data are discussed with consideration bor the theory of neuron epileptization and hemodynamical disturbances.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

Morbidity experience of air traffic control personnel--1967--77.

The morbidity experience of 28,086 air traffic controllers has been examined from 1967--77 with particular emphasis to the potential effects of job demands on ATC health. The morbidity experience of air traffic controllers does not appear excessive, except for psychoneurotic disorders, compared with the experience of other outside groups studied. Additionally, a lack of association between disease occurrence and occupation is observed in the data correlating disease occurrence with length of service and age. While some isolated trends found in these data are supportive of an occupation/disease relationship, they are neither--as would be expected if the association were a strong one--impressive nor consistent. Although anticipated empirically, one of the more interesting results of the study was quantification of the substantial differences found to exist in the incidence of disease before and after the second-career legislation.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical application of electrical impedance for the study of arterial insufficiency.

A four-electrode impedance plethysmography containing a dedicated computer has been developed for evaluating arterial insufficiency in the clinical noninvasive vascular laboratory. Measurements obtained by the impedance plethysmograph were compared with measurements obtained by the Doppler ultrasound technique. Five case reports demonstrate that electrical impedance measurements can feasibly be obtained in the clinical setting and that the information is useful in treating patients with arterial insufficiency. Results indicate that electrical impedance data correlate better with the clinical symptoms reported by the patient than do the Doppler systolic pressure data. The impedance plethysmography measurements are particularly useful when considered in conjunction with the Doppler measurements.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Statistical factor analysis of aerial spectrometric data, Al-Awabed area, Syria: a useful guide for phosphate and uranium exploration.

Factor analysis provides a quantitative interpretation for synthesizing and correlating data from airborne spectrometric surveys. Factor analysis is applied on such data of Al-Awabed area, Northern Palmyrides. The seven variables used in this research are: total radioactivity Ur1, e(U), e(Th), K%, e(U)/e(Th), e(U)/K and e(Th)/K. The analysis and interpretation show that a model of four factors (F1, F2, F3 and F4) is sufficient to represent them, where 94% of total data variance is interpreted. Mapping of these four factors proved to be a powerful tool for a direct differentiation of various rocks units, and a score lithological map of 11 radiometric units was established.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2003

The role of drinking in suicidal ideation: analyses of Project MATCH data.

OBJECTIVE: The associations of suicidal ideation with both the intensity (drinks per drinking day) and frequency of alcohol consumption were examined in a longitudinal study of treated alcoholics. METHOD: The data are from alcohol dependent subjects (1,187 men and 374 women) enrolled in Project MATCH, a multisite clinical trial of psychosocial treatments of alcoholism. Multivariate analyses for correlated data using generalized estimating equation approaches were performed to examine correlates of suicidal ideation at study entry and at 3-, 9- and 15-month follow-up. Analyses were stratified by gender and controlled statistically for depression and alcoholism severity. RESULTS: Suicidal ideation was common among women (15.5%) and men (9.9%) entering treatment, and at least 3.6% of women and 4.2% of men reported suicidal ideation at each follow-up. There were gender patterns in suicidal ideation. In women, intensity was associated with suicidal ideation, but even nonintense drinking became associated with suicidal ideation with more frequent drinking (intensity-frequency interaction). In men, intensity was also associated with suicidal ideation, whereas frequency was unrelated. Antisocial personality disorder in men but not in women, and depression in both groups, were also linked to suicidal ideation. CONCLUSIONS: Suicidal ideation is prevalent among treated alcoholics. Drinking is strongly associated with suicidal ideation and in women even light drinking, if it occurs regularly, is associated with suicidal ideation, with implications for suicide risk-recognition and intervention.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

4,6-O-benzylidene-D-glucopyranose and its sodium salt: new data on their preparation and properties.

An improved method for the preparation of 4,6-O-benzylidene-D-glucopyranose (BG), and new or correlated data on its 1H and 13C NMR spectra, specific rotations, and tautomeric equilibria, and on those of its anomeric sodium salt (BGNa), are reported. Evidence is presented in favour of the hypothesis that crystalline BGNa exists entirely in its beta-anomeric form and that it can be useful in the access to beta-glucosides in reactions with strong electrophiles under strictly heterogeneous conditions.

Acetylation↗