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Results for “DIAGNOSIS, LABORATORY”

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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Laboratory diagnosis of intestinal protozoan opportunistic infections in Goiânia, GO].

Cryptosporidiosis, isosporiasis, cyclosporiasis and microsporídiosis have become common in immunocompromised patients. The diagnosis of these diseases is important, because although they produce similar clinical pictures, they have a different therapeutic approach and prognostic. Seeking to evaluate the situation of the diagnosis of these parasites, the laboratories of the SUS network and health centers of the district of Goiânia-GO were mapped.

Brazil↗
PubMed1991

The laboratory diagnosis of Lyme disease.

Growing awareness of Lyme disease, caused by the tickborne spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi has led to a marked increase in laboratory procedures to help in its diagnosis. Despite the frequent ordering of serologic tests specific for Lyme disease, there remains confusion in the accurate interpretation of these tests. Because of the important cutaneous manifestations of B burgdorferi infection, dermatologists should understand the role of the laboratory in Borrelia-related conditions. This article reviews laboratory techniques available for the diagnosis of Lyme disease. The role of histologic findings and culture, the sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility of commonly used serologic tests, the effects of disease duration and treatment on serologic results, and the future of laboratory diagnosis are described.

False Positive Reactions↗
PubMed2001

Chronic myelogenous leukemia: laboratory diagnosis and monitoring.

Rapid developments have occurred both in laboratory medicine and in therapeutic interventions for the management of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). With a wide array of laboratory tests available, selecting the appropriate test for a specific diagnostic or therapeutic setting has become increasingly difficult. In this review, we first discuss, from the point of view of laboratory medicine, the advantages and disadvantages of several commonly used laboratory assays, including cytogenetics, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and qualitative and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We then discuss, from the point of view of clinical care, the test(s) of choice for the most common clinical scenarios, including diagnosis and monitoring of the therapeutic response and minimal residual disease in patients treated with different therapies. The purpose of this review is to help clinicians and laboratory physicians select appropriate tests for the diagnosis and monitoring of CML, with the ultimate goal of improving the cost-effective usage of clinical laboratories and improving patient care.

Cytogenetic Analysis↗
PubMed1992

[Laboratory diagnosis and differential diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation in the dog].

The laboratory diagnostic possibilities for characterization of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in dogs are reviewed. A DIC can be demonstrated by means of: 1. Simultaneous consumption of platelets, fibrinogen, coagulation factors and inhibitors of coagulation 2. Increased plasma levels of the specific reaction products fibrin monomers and fibrinopeptides 3. Secondary hyperfibrinolysis, especially an increase in plasma concentrations of fibrin(ogen) degradation products 4. Presence of schistocytes in the blood smear 5. Improvement in the coagulation values during an efficacious anticoagulant therapy 6. Indication of enhanced turnover and formation of microthrombi in different organs by radioisotopically detected coagulation components. Different principles of the laboratory diagnostic procedure in DIC are illustrated by the results of an animal experiment and clinical case reports. Concerning differential diagnosis among other things a deprivation- and dilution effect as well as a disturbance of synthesis have to be considered. One must especially bear in mind that a DIC may also be caused by different coagulator disturbances, e.g. of prothrombin complex synthesis. A DIC can mask such a defect in laboratory diagnostic findings, thereby complicating the diagnosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Laboratory diagnosis of growth hormone].

The role of Clinical Pathology Laboratory in normal and altered growth hormone secretion is discussed. In particular, it is reported that the normal GH secretion can be studied by serum and urine GH determinations whereas the diagnosis of GH deficiency rests upon the demonstration of an inadequate rise serum GH after provocative stimuli and serum measurement of somatomedins (IGF-I) by radioimmunoassay method. As it concerns increase GH secretion the diagnosis is clinically made (acromegaly and gigantism) and the laboratory has only the role to confirm it by the assessment of basal and stimulated GH secretion.

Acromegaly↗
PubMedDate not supplied

HIV infection: immunobiology and laboratory diagnosis.

The immunobiology of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the role of laboratory testing in the diagnosis and management of HIV infection are reviewed. HIV is one of a family of RNA viruses called retroviruses. HIV has three structural genes (one of which codes for reverse transcriptase) and six regulatory and maturation genes. Upon infection in humans, HIV commandeers the immune system by infecting and lysing T-helper lymphocytes. Since these cells are key to directing the body's immune defenses, the person becomes susceptible to a variety of opportunistic infections, neoplasias, and neurologic disorders. Laboratory tests for HIV are used for three purposes: screening of large populations (such blood donors), diagnosis of current or latent infection, and monitoring of disease progression. Diagnosis of HIV infection relies on HIV antibody detection, viral cultures, antigen detection, or polymerase chain reaction viral genome detection. Disease progression can be estimated using immunophenotyping with flow cytometry or using other immunologic markers. The immunologic variables associated with HIV infection disclose a growing spectrum of immune deficits. New tests for diagnosing and monitoring patients infected with HIV have been quickly incorporated into clinical practice.

Clinical Laboratory Techniques↗
PubMed2002

Identification of determinants of the between-operator variation of the total protein S antigen assay: a collaborative study of the Dutch Working Group on Haemostasis Laboratory Diagnosis.

In a previous study, a between-operator variability (CVOBETWEEN) of 9.6% and 15.0%) was observed for total protein S antigen assays in 11 laboratories using a frozen or lyophilized reference plasma, respectively, and the need to standardize the use of lyophilized reference plasma was identified. The aim of the present study was to identify further determinants of this CVOBETWEEN in order to improve between-laboratory comparisons of test results for one method for protein S antigen assay. Two protocols were carried out: the first again involving local execution but using a joint standardized and detailed prescription of the technical performance in each laboratory; the second using a central session for all operators with the same prescription but with joint reagent and equipment. In the present study, improved handling of lyophilized reference plasma was included and resulted in comparable CVOBETWEEN of 10.9% and 9.6% for the use of frozen and lyophilized reference plasma for the local test performance. An improvement was found in the CVOBETWEEN in the central session compared with the standardized local performance, showing lower values for the central performance of 8.5 and 6.6% for frozen and lyophilized reference plasma, respectively. Further analysis of the difference between the local and central test performance identified the use of different curve fit options of data evaluation software as a significant source of this difference. Interestingly, the within-operator variability in the central performance was around 2% lower (5.9 and 6.0% for frozen and lyophilized plasma, respectively) than that in the local performance (8.1 and 8.0% for frozen and lyophilized plasma, respectively). Although the reduction is not statistically significant, it suggests an effect of reduction of the workload and simplification of procedures for individual operators on the within-operator variability. In this study, in which 11 operators/laboratories participated, the lowest variability between operators andwithin laboratories was obtained in the central test performance, which is suggested to be the lowest attainable variability for the measurement of total protein S antigen. The practical factors involved in local performance that require attention to reach similar levels of variability are mainly liquid handling, curve-fit procedures and simplicity of practical procedures.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Evaluation of a new plate hybridization assay for the laboratory diagnosis of imported malaria in Italy.

A new molecular diagnostic method "Malaria-IBRIDOGEN" (Amplimedical S.p.A.--Bioline Division, Turin, Italy) based on a plate-hybridization assay for the simultaneous detection and identification of human malaria parasites was evaluated in this study. A target DNA sequence of the plasmodial 18S ribosomal RNA gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and hybridized in microtiter wells with five biotinylated probes each specific for Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae, P. ovale and the beta-globine human gene, respectively. Compared to the nested-PCR actually used in our laboratory for the molecular diagnosis of malaria, "Malaria-IBRIDOGEN" revealed an overall sensitivity of 100% (51/51) for the four human Plasmodium species testing 100 whole blood samples from people with malaria-like symptoms and fever. Specificity was 92% (45/49) considering four discordant samples as "false positive" by "Malaria-IBRIDOGEN". The assay showed a threshold of parasite density (detection limit) of 0.07 P. falciparum parasites/microliter, 0.15-1.5 P. vivax parasites/microliter, 0.3 P. malariae parasites/microliter and 0.4 P. ovale parasites/microliter of whole blood, respectively. This assay could be successfully applied to the laboratory diagnosis of malaria as a useful aid to microscopy.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[The influencing of laboratory diagnosis through drugs].

An extensive literature on influencing laboratory diagnostics by drugs gave rise to uncertainty in interpretation of clinico-chemical results. However, a critical revision of primary literature shows that at this time only a relatively small part of asserted influence is secured and relevant for the therapeutic situation in human being. In interest of the interpretation of the results as well as of the early diagnosis of biochemically conceivable side-effects of drugs and poisonings systemic clinico-pharmacological and clinico-chemical investigations are necessary. For a rough orientation in patients some tables were added in extracts taking as a basis a critical selection of hitherto existing literature on such influences.

Alanine Transaminase↗