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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Change in the drinking behavior in Central Switzerland over two decades].

Based on the medical recordings registered during blood sampling of drunken drivers of the years 1971 and 1989 the changes of drinking behaviour in Switzerland was examined. An increase of female drivers under the influence of alcohol was noted. The younger drivers under 30, which were the most represented in all the age groups, showed a decrease in the average blood alcohol value. Due to the facts, the most blood samples were taken by forensic physicians rather than private physicians a much better information was gained concerning the substances drunken and the times of drinking. The evaluation of final drinking hours, critical incidents and time of blood sampling showed a tendency to post-midnight hours.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1990

Differential associations and definitions: a panel study of youthful drinking behavior.

This article reports on a test of selected elements of social learning theory, using a panel of public school students residing in a small southwestern city. Specifically, the drinking habits of 373 middle school and 282 high school students were examined at Time 1 and Time 2, as were changes in their attitudes, orientations, and patterns of drinking. We evaluated the assertions of social learning theory's proponents concerning its processual aspects. The results were largely consistent with the principles of social learning, although the drug-related messages conveyed by both parents and significant-other adults played only minor roles in the process for either group. We found support for the notion that the process of learning to drink is not uniform throughout the secondary school experience. The implications of these findings for social learning theory and drug intervention programs are addressed in this article.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Targeted naltrexone treatment moderates the relations between mood and drinking behavior among problem drinkers.

One hundred fifty-three problem drinkers were randomly assigned to receive naltrexone 50 mg or placebo on a daily or targeted (to high-risk drinking situations) basis. Using structured nightly diaries, participants recorded negative and positive mood, desire to drink, and alcohol consumption over 8 weeks. Results indicated that individuals engaged in any drinking and heavy drinking more on days characterized by relatively higher levels of positive or negative mood states. Naltrexone attenuated the positive association between heavy drinking and both positive and negative mood, and targeted administration attenuated the positive association between heavy drinking and positive mood. There was also evidence that desire to drink mediated the effect of targeted administration on the relation between positive mood and any drinking that day. These findings underscore the utility of daily measurement for understanding the processes that underlie pharmacological interventions for problem drinking.

Affect↗
PubMed1978

Female adolescent drinking behavior: potential hazards.

A recent national survey on the use of alcoholic beverages revealed that 93% of boys and 87% of girls in their senior year of high school had experimented with alcohol, and more than half of the country's seventh graders had tried drinking at least once during the previous year (1973). A review of the literature confirms this apparent increase in drinking by boys and girls. This article reports the increasing use of alcohol by girls and the associated risks. Some predisposing personal and behavioral characteristics are discussed, such as: the particular hazards of fetal syndrome; the significant impact of the physiological and psychological effects of menstruation and other related female phenomena; and the confusion in sex roles (resulting from the inability to freely combine masculine and feminine personality characteristics within onself in a women's liberation environment) accelerating "risk" possibilities in girls.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Alcohol drinking behavior in a sample of students].

In 1988 we interviewed approximately a quarter (n = 395) of the female students enrolled at Ulm/D. University in order to get knowledge of their alcohol-drinking habits. There was no selection of whom we asked. The results encourage us to the conclusion that we might have got a representative survey. Of the students inquired about 11% lived abstinently, less than 2% consumed alcohol daily, most of all took alcohol repeatedly per month. The predominant part of the students questioned, stated an intake of less than 40 g alcohol per day. The average quantity of alcohol consumed per month was smaller than with a group of female students interviewed in Spain as well as with a group of young women comparable in age in Northern Germany.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Motivations to control drinking behavior in abstainers, moderate, and heavy drinkers.

Motives and motivational concepts to control quantity (Q) and frequency (F) of alcohol consumption were investigated in 192 participants using a questionnaire of motives to control drinking (MCD-Q/F) developed earlier. The daily quantity of consumption was assessed by the "30 day by beverage questionnaire." Participants were grouped into heavy or moderate drinkers (limits: females 40, males 60 gram alcohol/day) and abstainers. Analyses of motives showed the importance of car driving, controlling appetite/desire, and prevention of impaired mental performance. The relative impact of motivational concepts were analyzed by cluster analysis of motives revealing three clusters: 1) emotional concepts/fear of addiction, 2) physiological sensations/interaction with concrete actual plans, 3) cognitive concepts (plans, self-control, no impairment/no desire). MANOVA of MCD-Q/F indicate highest scores for moderate drinkers and significant lower scores in heavy drinkers in controlling frequency of drinking (MCD-F). Group effect for emotional concepts failed significance, higher scores of physiological concepts were found in imbibers compared to abstainers, and scores of cognitive concepts were lower in heavy drinkers. Results indicate that for imbibers a reduced motivation to control frequency of drinking as well as low scores in cognitive concepts and a trend to high scores in emotional concepts are associated with heavy drinking.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Controlled trial of worksite health education through face-to-face counseling vs. e-mail on drinking behavior modification.

This study examined the effectiveness of a traditional face-to-face health education and e-mail health education on alcohol usage among male workers in comparison with a control group. Male workers at a manufacturing plant (N=36) who had abnormal serum gamma-GTP were stratified by age and job types, then randomized into three groups: face-to-face education, e-mail education, and the control. The subjects were assessed on their knowledge about and attitude towards drinking, reported alcohol consumption, and serum gamma-GTP before the start of education and 2 months later after comparison of the education. Paired t-test and repeated ANOVA were conducted to test the significance of changes pre and post the intervention and across groups. In the face-to-face group, knowledge (p=0.001), attitude (p=0.026), alcohol consumption (p=0.003) and serum gamma-GTP showed significant improvement. In the e-mail group, only alcohol consumption showed marginal improvement (p=0.077). In the control group, no variables remarkably changed. These results indicate that the face-to-face health education was more effective than the e-mail program. We discuss why the face-to-face approach was superior to the e-mail approach in this study by referring to self-monitoring, goal setting processes and timely feedback. We concluded that further studies are warranted to identify the effect of health education using e-mails and other network tools in consideration of the above three factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Posttreatment drinking behavior among inpatients from an industrial alcoholism program.

Findings from a follow-up study of inpatients from an industrial alcoholism program are presented. At 3-month follow-up, 46% were abstinent and 22% drinking moderately; at 9 months, 37% were abstinent and 20% drinking moderately. Moderate drinkers at 3 months had a high relapse rate by 9 months. In comparing moderate drinkers at 9 months to abstainers and to those drinking destructively, it was found that moderate drinkers were more similar to abstainers than to destructive drinkers on most variables. Relationships between drinking outcomes and several sets of predictor variables are presented and discussed. From these data it is evident that social support (being married, family involved in treatment, AA and/or religious involvement) is crucial in recovery from alcoholism, that employer's involvement had a positive influence, that coercion for treatment did not have a negative impact, that prior job problems had a delayed negative impact, and that treatment outcome for earlier-phase alcoholics was relatively poor in comparison to "chronic" cases in this program.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1990

Changes in drinking behavior: demographic, psychosocial, and biomedical factors.

Demographic, psychosocial, and biomedical variables were collected from 12,371 ambulatory persons who had an initial multiphasic health examination in 1978 or 1979 and a second examination 5 years later in 1983 or 1984. Subgroups of this cohort who had substantially increased and decreased their drinking were compared with persons who continued to drink at baseline rates. A balanced model of demographic, psychosocial, and biomedical variables had the capacity to differentiate persons who had substantially increased their drinking; fewer variables--primarily psychosocial--differentiated persons who had greatly decreased their drinking.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Analyses of flushing response to alcohol and drinking behavior among shipyard workers and their family members in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan.

This paper reports on the prevalence of flushing as a subjective symptom, amount of absolute alcohol required to evoke flushing (flushing dose), and relationships among those and drinking frequency or alcohol consumption in Japanese with age of 20 years and above. The percentage of flushers was 68.6% of males and 41.9% of females, non-flushers 18.3%, 11.2%, and unknowns 13.1%, 46.9%, respectively. The percentage of flushers decreased as drinking frequency increased. Flushers drank less than non-flushers among male drinkers, but such a difference in amount of intake between flushers and non-flushers was not found among female drinkers. Drinkers showed a statistically larger flushing dose than non-drinkers. Results of quantification analysis showed correlations between decreasing flushing dose and (a) "less than once a week" drinkers among males and "less than five times per year" drinkers among females, and (b) the initiation of flushing "less than 10 minutes" after ingestion and "upper half of the body" or "whole body" flushing among both males and females.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Social models of drinking behavior in animals. The importance of individual differences.

Although certain social environments clearly facilitate alcohol intake in humans, the role of social factors in alcohol consumption by animals is less clear. While social housing conditions such as crowding and isolation increase alcohol consumption in animals, in both cases this is mediated by heightened stress. Increases in social tension increase alcohol consumption in social groups of animals, but the literature is extremely variable in reports of how dominance correlates with alcohol consumption. Alcohol administration has biphasic effects on social behavior of animals similar to its biphasic effects on activity levels. We report a novel, social animal model of alcoholism. Rats raised over prolonged periods in highly enriched, social colony environments develop a variety of rhythms of alcohol consumption. But in each colony, only a few animals develop into extreme overconsumers of alcohol, and the proportion of colony-housed animals that develop such excessive alcohol -consumption habits is similar to the proportion of humans with alcohol problems. These overconsumers of alcohol from a rat colony show a variety of alterations in behavior, including chronic inactivity and low dominance standing. They represent a novel, voluntary animal model of social alcoholism.

Aggression↗