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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Sunglasses- and photochromic lens-wearing patterns in spectacle and/or contact lens-wearing individuals.

PURPOSE: To determine differences in wearing patterns of sunglasses and/or photochromic lenses in spectacle and contact lens wearers, to assess patient awareness of the indications for the use of tinted lenses, and to identify wearers' lens tint preferences. METHODS: A total of 100 individuals wearing some combination of contact lenses and spectacles participated in a survey questionnaire composed of 14 questions. Participants were asked if they used sunglasses/photochromic lenses, why they used them, their preferred lens tints, and temporal and seasonal patterns of use. They were also queried on their awareness of the potential adverse effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure on the health of the eye and appropriate protective measures. Participants were categorized based on their use of spectacles and/or contact lenses. Demographic characteristics of sex and age were taken into account for the analysis. The data were imported and analyzed using commercial statistical analysis software. RESULTS: A total of 52% of the participants wore spectacles exclusively, while 48% wore some combination of spectacles and contact lenses. In the spectacle group, 36% and 20% wore sunglasses and photochromic lenses, respectively. In the contact lens group, 20% and 10% wore sunglasses and photochromic lenses, respectively. Overall gray was the preferred lens tint, especially in the younger age groups. Summer was the primary season for use of tinted lenses. Approximately one-third of the sample were not aware of the UVR protective properties of their eyewear. A total of 77% believed that UVR could be harmful to the eyes, but only a small percentage of the participants wore sunglasses or photochromic lenses specifically for UVR protection. CONCLUSION: There was no statistically significant difference (P = 0.07) for preference between sunglasses versus photochromic lenses and in seasonal patterns for tinted lens use among spectacles and contact lens wearers. Spectacle wearers (as well as contact lens wearers) used sunglasses more than photochromic lenses (P = 0.004). Most of the participants wore sunglasses in the summer and to protect their eyes from bright light. Overall gray was the preferred lens tint. Potentially adverse effects of UVR exposure to the eye and the importance of proper UVR eye protection were not generally appreciated by the subjects queried.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Gas-permeable contact lenses can protect against ocular trauma: two cases.

PURPOSE: To report two cases of rigid gas-permeable contact lens wearers who were protected from serious foreign body-related injury through the wearing of their contact lenses. METHODS: Two case reports. RESULTS: Rigid gas-permeable contact lenses appear to have protected the eyes of two patients from probable serious injury. CONCLUSIONS: Rigid gas-permeable contact lenses can have a protective effect against some types of trauma, although they are not recommended to be used for protective purposes.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed2006

Corneal injury by anti-misting agent in swim goggles: a case report.

PURPOSE: To report a case of corneal injury by swim goggle anti-misting agent. METHODS: Case report. RESULTS: A 47-year-old man presented with ocular injury caused by swim goggle anti-misting agent. Two weeks previously, the patient felt sudden ocular pain and grit after pool water flooded his goggles while swimming. Before the patient's swim, a copious amount of anti-misting agent was sprayed inside his goggles. On examination, severe corneal epithelial defect and stroma edema of the right eye were noted. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/40. Right eye corneal thickness was 625 microm. Topical corticosteroids, antibiotic eye drops, and oral tetracycline were started. After 1 week of treatment, the epithelial defect of his right cornea improved slightly. Stromal edema decreased mildly. Epithelial defect persisted at 1 month follow-up. Right eye BCVA remained 20/40. Three months after treatment, the right eye epithelial defect healed completely. Mild diffuse superficial stromal opacity was noted. BCVA improved to 20/20. At 1-year follow-up, right eye corneal thickness was 547 microm, which was thinner than the left eye. Right eye corneal endothelial cell density measured approximately 1500 cells/mm2, which was less than the left eye at 2300 cells/mm2. The faint, diffuse stromal opacity disappeared; however, white subepithelial plaques were noted in the cornea centers. After 1 month of treatment with topical corticosteroids, the plaques subsided completely. The corneas remained clear at 2-year follow-up. CONCLUSION: Anti-misting agent can cause severe corneal injuries, including persistent epithelial defects, stromal edema and opacity, endothelial cell loss, and subepithelial plaque.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2004

Ophthalmic injuries in children involved in all-terrain vehicle crashes.

PURPOSE: To describe the spectrum of ophthalmic injuries in children involved in all-terrain vehicle (ATV) crashes. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of a level 1 children's trauma center to identify cases with ICD-9 codes pertaining to crashes involving ATVs and cross-referenced for ophthalmic trauma. From these cases, we documented the nature of the crash, patient's age, ophthalmic injuries received, and length of hospitalization. RESULTS: Twenty children, 5 to 16 years of age (mean, 11.1 years), involved in ATV crashes were admitted between June 1997 and April 2002. One was riding with an adult and 3 with other children; 16 were operating the vehicles alone at the time of their crashes. None was wearing a helmet, and all had head trauma. Nine patients had ophthalmic injuries, including lacerations of the eyelid (n = 5), orbital fractures (n = 9), and traumatic optic neuropathies (n = 2). The latter two had final visual acuities of count fingers and no light perception. The average length of hospitalization was 6.6 days. CONCLUSIONS: Ophthalmic trauma is a frequent complication of ATV crashes involving children. Injuries may range from minor lacerations to complex orbital fractures; visual loss may be severe. We believe that the age of the vehicles' operators and their failure to wear protective helmets contribute to the severity of injuries.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed2005

The effect of multiple antireflective coatings and center thickness on resistance of polycarbonate spectacle lenses to penetration by pointed missiles.

PURPOSE: Previous work has shown that the impact resistance to blunt missiles is affected by coatings applied to either CR-39 or polycarbonate lenses. We investigated the effects of multiple antireflection (minimum angle of resolution [MAR]) coatings on the resistance of polycarbonate lenses to puncture on impact by sharp, high-speed missiles. METHODS: Four groups of surfaced plano polycarbonate lenses were investigated. Two groups had a scratch-resistant (SR) coating applied to both surfaces. One of these groups had a 2-mm center thickness and the other had a 3-mm center thickness. The other two groups of 2-mm and 3-mm thick lenses had a MAR coating applied over the SR coating. The lenses were impacted by a missile consisting of an industrial sewing machine needle mounted in a cylindrical aluminum carrier. RESULTS: The sharp missiles were able to pierce the lenses at speeds between 29.6 m/s and 46.2 m/s. Impact resistance was lowest for the thinner lenses and lenses with a MAR coating. The effect of the MAR and lens thickness was subadditive. CONCLUSIONS: We have confirmed previous observations that polycarbonate lenses are more susceptible to penetration by sharp, high-speed missiles than blunt missiles. We have also found that reducing lens center thickness and applying a MAR coating further reduces the penetration resistance. Therefore, the use of 2-mm center thickness and MAR-coated polycarbonate lenses should be discouraged for industrial eye protectors where sharp missile hazards are possible.

Coated Materials, Biocompatible↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reversal of motor learning in the vestibulo-ocular reflex in the absence of visual input.

Motor learning in the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and eyeblink conditioning use similar neural circuitry, and they may use similar cellular plasticity mechanisms. Classically conditioned eyeblink responses undergo extinction after prolonged exposure to the conditioned stimulus in the absence of the unconditioned stimulus. We investigated the possibility that a process similar to extinction may reverse learned changes in the VOR. We induced a learned alteration of the VOR response in rhesus monkeys using magnifying or miniaturizing goggles, which caused head movements to be accompanied by visual image motion. After learning, head movements in the absence of visual stimulation caused a loss of the learned eye movement response. When the learned gain was low, this reversal of learning occurred only when head movements were delivered, and not when the head was held stationary in the absence of visual input, suggesting that this reversal is mediated by an active, extinction-like process.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Dermatological and ocular examinations in rabbits chronically photosensitized with methoxsalen.

Four groups of female Dutch-belted rabbits (Oryctulagus cuniculus) were given methoxsalen (12 mg/kg) or placebo by oral intubation and 1 hr later were exposed to UVA for either 2 or 8 hr. This procedure was repeated 5 days each week for 18 mo. A fifth group received no drug and no UVA exposure. The skin of the animals given methoxsalen and UVA showed signs of acute and chronic phototoxicity. Multiple peripheral blood parameters of hepatic, renal and hematologic function were normal and were not different between groups. Complete ophthalmoscopic examinations were performed periodically. No cataracts were seen in any of the animals. This data provides the perspective that in one species the daily dose of methoxsalen and UVA required to induce chronic cutaneous photosensitization is lower than the daily dose required to induce cataracts. It is inadvisable to interpret this data as suggesting that no risk exists for patients being treated with oral methoxsalen photochemotherapy. The experimental evidence supporting photosensitization as a cause of cataracts and implicating a role of lens DNA in this cataractogenesis is reviewed. Because methoxsalen-UVA alterations of lens DNA or protein could lead to delayed onset of cataracts, and because of the serious nature and potential preventability of phototoxic lens opacification, appropriate protective eye wear is recommended for all patients receiving oral psoralen photochemotherapy.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

A novel nonpharmacologic treatment for photosensitive epilepsy: a report of three patients tested with blue cross-polarized glasses.

PURPOSE: Pharmacotherapy for photosensitive epilepsy is not always effective and is associated with well-recognized toxicities. Nonpharmacologic approaches to the management of photosensitive epilepsy have included the use of sunglasses of various types. Blue lenses have been shown to suppress the photoparoxysmal response more effectively than lenses of other colors with similar overall transmittances. Recently, cross-polarized glasses have shown promise. The axes of polarization of the two lenses of such glasses are perpendicular to one another. We tested the effect of combining the use of blue and cross-polarized lenses in three patients with photosensitive epilepsy. METHODS: We recorded the EEG response to photic stimulation, television screens, and computer monitors in three patients with photosensitive epilepsy. If photoparoxysmal responses were provoked in any of these scenarios, testing was repeated with the patient wearing nonpolarized, parallel-polarized, and blue cross-polarized sunglasses. RESULTS: One of our patients had clinical seizures that were inadequately suppressed with moderate doses of valproate (VPA) but completely suppressed with blue cross-polarized lenses. The second patient's photoparoxysmal response was suppressed by both parallel-polarized and blue cross-polarized glasses, whereas the third patient's photoparoxysmal response was not suppressed by either. CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary data suggest that blue cross-polarized lenses may be useful in the treatment of photosensitive epilepsies and that their efficacy can be predicted in the EEG laboratory.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Eye protection in psoralen photochemotherapy.

The optical performance of some commercially-available tined lenses is discussed. There is a wide variation in the UV absorbing power of sunglasses although adequate protection against solar UV-A can be achieved with some, but not all, polarizing material. The darkness of a tint is not an indication of its likely performance within the ultraviolet bands and it is possible that lenses could be produced that lacked any significant tint yet absorbed strongly throughout the UV region.

Eye↗
PubMed1990

Clear ultraviolet blocking lenses for use by PUVA patients.

It is well recognized that patients receiving photochemotherapy (PUVA) need to wear UV-blocking sunglasses on the day of ingestion of 8-methoxypsoralen. For many patients the wearing of tinted sun-glasses causes difficulties because they interfere with colour perception, reduce definition in conditions of low background light and often because they are considered 'cosmetically unacceptable'. In this study the UV-blocking properties of a number of lenses with little or no tint were assessed. The following lenses or lens coatings were found to be suitable for use by PUVA patients: Orcolite UV 400, Orma UVX, Rodenstock Lambda 400, Sola UV Gard 400 and Polaroid polarizing lenses.

Cataract↗
PubMed2005

How we do it: blood contamination during management of epistaxis--awareness, utilization and availability of barrier protection.

There is a significant risk of blood contamination during the non-surgical management of epistaxis. Contamination beyond gloves happens in 55% of cases and the contamination risk to eyes as high as 18%. There is a lack of awareness and a majority of ENT doctors underestimate this risk. Protective barrier equipment and eye protection in particular are suboptimally available in all clinical areas where epistaxis is dealt with. Consequently, there is poor utilization of protective barrier equipment.

Awareness↗