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Results for “Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice”

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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Applying research evidence to individuals in primary care: a study using non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation.

BACKGROUND: There is strong research evidence that anticoagulation of patients with nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation reduces the morbidity and mortality of stroke. This evidence is incompletely applied. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to report consequences associated with the intention to apply evidence about anticoagulation for non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation (NRAF) to individuals in general medical practice. METHODS: The study involved prospective structured reporting of the processes of applying evidence about NRAF to individual patients in six general practices in Cambridge. The subjects were patients identified to have NRAF in these practices. The intervention consisted of a practice-based review of evidence and the construction of a practice-owned protocol. This was followed by a review of individual patients' records according to protocol criteria. The main outcomes were indentification of the characteristics of the patients, quantitation of GPs' intention to change treatment, explicit reporting of the reasons for not anticoagulating individuals and time to achieve the practice protocol. RESULTS: The data collected confirmed that patients excluded from the authoritative randomized controlled trials predominate among patients cared for in general medical practice. Practitioners overestimated the prevalence of NRAF in their patients and underestimated the extent to which their current practice offered intervention. Practitioners initially overestimated the amount of change required in patient management. In reviewing their patients' records with the intention of following evidence-based practice, practitioners explicitly described and regarded as appropriate their reasons for not prescribing anticoagulation to certain individuals. The review process was time-consuming and will need to be repeated as further evidence emerges.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Patient and family physician preferences for care and communication in the eventuality of anthrax terrorism.

BACKGROUND: The threat of bioterrorism consequent to the September 11, 2001 attack in the USA generated suggestions for improved medical response mainly through hospital preparedness. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of this period of tension on patients' first choice for care and for receiving relevant information, and on primary care doctors' feelings of responsibility in the eventuality of an anthrax attack. METHODS: During October 11-31, 2001, 500 patients from 30 clinics throughout Israel were asked to complete a questionnaire on their awareness of the anthrax threat, measures taken to prepare for it, and preferred sources of care and information. Their 30 physicians, and an additional 20, completed a questionnaire on knowledge about anthrax and anthrax-related patient behaviours and clinic visits. RESULTS: The outstanding finding was the low rate (30%) of patients who chose the hospital emergency department as their first choice for care or information if they were worried about an anthrax attack or the media communicated that an attack was in progress. The other two-thirds preferred their family doctor or the health authorities. Most of the physicians (89%) felt it was their responsibility to treat anthrax-infected patients and that they should therefore be supplied with appropriate guidelines. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that in Israel, a country with a high degree of awareness of civil defence aspects, both patients and primary care doctors believe that family physicians should have a major role in the case of bioterrorist attacks. This must be seriously considered during formulation of relevant health services programmes.

Anthrax↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The tried, true, and new: a traditional approach to critical care education with a new twist.

The training of a new critical care nurse is not solely the transmission of a determined body of knowledge or skill set. When one begins to consider what actually makes a critical care nurse a critical care nurse, one realizes that the training is much more complex. It involves the teaching of appropriate thought processes, and use of the body of knowledge and/or skill set in application with respect to a specific patient, disease state, or a group of symptoms. Teaching a new critical care nurse to think, talk, act, and respond like a critical care nurse is just as important as sharing knowledge--that is what makes a critical care nurse. This article summarizes one hospital's critical care training program and orientation for new critical care nurses with and without critical care experience. This is done in pursuit of excellence in patient care, by providing a comprehensive and complete, full-service training program. All nurses deserve the very best education and training-our patients demand it.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Caregivers: the intellectual capital of healing.

This article helps you to make a distinction that CARING not only fits under the classification of intellectual capital but is also one of the most valuable assets a healthcare organization can have. It takes this basic concept, which is often seen as soft, or even ignored by some, and ties it into the success of the future healthcare system.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1997

[Quality assurance in rheumatology. Evaluation of a team work model between general practitioners and a rheumatologist].

The intention of the project was to heighten the theoretical and practical skills of general practitioners in the care of patients with musceloskeletal problems. Six general practitioners and a rheumatologist participated. The rheumatologist joined the general practitioners at two health centres, which he visited on two occasions with an interval of six months. The patient and case history were presented by the local physician, and an additional historical and physical examination was performed by the rheumatologist. The physicians were trained in relevant examination techniques. The study was evaluated by means of questionnaires to the doctors and interviews with six patients. The theoretical knowledge of the general practitioners increased by an average of 23%. Both general practitioner and rheumatologist observed improvement in examination techniques. This parameter was not specifically evaluated. The patients appreciated the way in which they were treated. They found that the first and second line health care served as a smooth-working team. The cost of this project was low. The model is being continued at the request of the general practitioners.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Smoking among Lebanese mothers: knowledge, attitudes and practices].

Smoking among women is increasing, especially in women of reproductive age. In a cross-sectional study of 1000 Lebanese mothers, we evaluated their knowledge, attitude and practice regarding cigarette smoking. We found that the amount of tobacco smoked by Lebanese mothers was related to age, educational level, profession and knowledge regarding smoking. A woman was more likely to stop or decrease smoking during pregnancy if she were more knowledgeable about the effects of smoking on the baby, if she smoked less, and if she had a higher degree of education. Knowledge about the effects of smoking on the smoker did not seem to affect this practice.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Changes in women's breast cancer screening practices, knowledge, and attitudes in Ottawa-Carleton since 1991.

Although Canadian Breast Screening Guidelines have been in place since 1988, participation rates have been suboptimal. The study objective was to describe changes in breast screening knowledge, attitudes, and practices among women aged 50 to 69 years since initiation of a regional mass screening program in Ottawa-Carleton in 1991. A random-digit-dialing telephone survey was conducted with 384 women aged 50 to 69 years residing in Ottawa-Carleton and compared to a 1991 survey. Between 1991 and 1994 there were significant increases in the percentage ever having had a mammogram (from 60% to 83%) and monthly breast self-examination (from 46% to 54%). Professional breast examination rates were unchanged as were overall attitudes and concerns about screening. There were significant improvements in knowledge and encouragement to have a mammogram. As the focus on primary health care within our health care system grows, and as service delivery changes, we must continue to search for, and continually evaluate, innovative strategies to align practices with Canadian breast screening recommendations.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Evaluation of a practice information leaflet.

Over 10 months 5,000 practice information leaflets were distributed in a practice in Glasgow. The leaflet was principally evaluated by assessing patients' attitudes to and use of leaflets and changes in their knowledge about the practice. Changes in the pattern of consultation with the practice nurse and the timing of incoming telephone calls were also measured. Most patients read, kept and referred to the leaflet and reported it to be useful. Those who had seen the leaflet had significantly greater knowledge (mean knowledge score 7.5) on 15 questions on practice organization than two comparison groups: the base-line study sample (mean knowledge score 5.2) and those in the follow-up sample who had not seen the leaflet (mean knowledge score 5.7). Improvements in knowledge were statistically significant for 10 out of 15 questions. Two changes of behaviour were noted, increased self-referral to nurses (37% of new consultations at follow-up were self-referred compared with 29% at baseline: P = 0.05) and the timing of incoming telephone calls was more in line with practice policy (for example, 23% of calls for repeat prescriptions were made between 12.00 and 16.00 hours at follow-up compared with only 11% at baseline, P less than 0.001). The leaflet was judged to be useful.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Perceptions, knowledge, and commitment of clinical staff to shared governance.

The perceptions, knowledge, and commitment of clinical staff to shared governance were explored in a nonexperimental, survey research design, wherein preimplementation responses were compared to postimplementation responses. Using a nonprobability sampling method, all clinical staff members had the opportunity to respond to the Shared Governance Survey at the preimplementation and the 1-year postimplementation period. Thirty-eight clinical areas, including inpatient and outpatient areas, were included in the study. Both surveys contained a short demographic section and the Shared Governance Survey adapted from Minors et al. Results showed a decrease in perception and knowledge of shared governance between the 2 survey periods. This pattern was attributed to the idealism of shared governance in the preimplementation period compared to the reality of implementing shared governance. Interestingly, commitment to shared governance increased during this same time. When the sample was divided into groups, participants in shared governance had significantly higher scores on perception and knowledge of shared governance than did nonparticipants. Overall, participants and nonparticipants were committed to shared governance. The results of the survey indicated that clinical staff members recognized shared governance as a process, not a project, and that it takes time to share responsibility, accountability, and authority for nursing practice.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2004

Changing the individual to promote health-enhancing physical activity: the difficulties of producing evidence and translating it into practice.

This paper presents conclusions from recent systematic reviews and highlights individually targeted interventions that are effective at increasing physical activity. It discusses the limitations of currently available evidence, considers what factors lead to these limitations and what barriers exist in terms of implementing the evidence as part of local and national policy and practice. Barriers present themselves in terms of getting evidence into practice and in terms of ensuring that practice informs the evidence base. These barriers include difficulties in conducting systematic reviews, disaggregating knowledge from complex interventions, making local adaptations to existing evidence, the lack of an evaluation culture, ethical and pragmatic difficulties in designing interventions, selecting appropriate outcome measures, poor designs and implementation of evidence and, finally, a recognition that policy making is not only based on the available evidence. New and more integrated approaches to evaluation and to practice are needed.

Community Health Services↗
PubMed1998

Religious attitudes and practices of hospitalized medically ill older adults.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the prevalence of religious beliefs and practices among medically ill hospitalized older adults and relate them to social, psychological and health characteristics. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Consecutive patients age 60 or over admitted to the general medicine cardiology and neurology services of Duke University Medical Center were evaluated for participation in a depression study. As part of the evaluation, information on religious affiliation, religious attendance, private religious activities, intrinsic religiosity and religious coping was collected. Demographic, social, psychological and physical health characteristics were also assessed. Bivariate and multivariate correlates of religious belief and activity were examined using Pearson correlation and linear regression. RESULTS: Of the 542 patients evaluated, detailed information on religious beliefs and behaviors was collected on 455 cognitively unimpaired patients. Over one-half (53.4%) of the sample reported attending religious services once per week or more often; 58.7% prayed or studied the Bible daily or more often; over 85% of patients held intrinsic religious attitudes; and over 40% spontaneously reported that their religious faith was the most important factor that enabled them to cope. Religious variables were consistently and independently related to race (Black), lower education, higher social support and greater life stressors, and religious attendance was associated with less medical illness burden. Religious attendance was also related to lower depressive symptoms, although the association weakened when other covariates were controlled. CONCLUSIONS: Religious practices, attitudes and coping behaviors are prevalent among hospitalized medically ill older adults and are related to social, psychological and physical health outcomes. Implications for clinical practice are discussed.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2005

A survey of attendees at Native American health care conferences: knowledge, attitudes, and practices about cigarette smoking.

BACKGROUND: Cigarette smoking rates and related health consequences among Native Americans are the highest of any US ethnic group. METHODS: A sample of the attendees at American Indian and Alaska Native health care conferences participated in a survey about cigarette smoking. RESULTS: Of 162 respondents, 11.1% were current smokers, 7.5% of physicians were current smokers, and 80% were lifelong nonsmokers. The majority would ask a smoker to put out cigarettes and would not display ashtrays at home. Nearly all Native American physicians asked their patients about smoking and advised smokers to quit. Respondents were more likely to agree that smoking causes lung cancer (98.7%) as compared to knowing of the associations of smoking with cervical cancer (70.2%), depression (54.5%), and that it is more serious in women (55.2%; P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Current smoking rates were low, and the physicians advised smokers to quit. However, there was less awareness about women's health problems that relate to cigarette smoking as compared to other health consequences of smoking.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Male battering of intimate partners: theoretical underpinnings, intervention approaches, and implications.

Male battering of intimate partners is a serious men's health issue related to violence that calls for the profession of nursing to engage in practice, research, education, and policy initiatives. It inflicts damage and harm to society, and no one is insulated from the problem completely because of its social, health, and legal implications. Scholars and practitioners lack an adequate understanding of the confluence of myriad sociological, psychological, biological, and environmental risk factors in the developmental pathways to male battering. Prevention at the primary and secondary level of intervention is thwarted. Existing models of intervention have been useful in confronting the problem of male battering, but large-scale evaluations and clinical trials of intervention approaches are needed. Interventionists operate from varied theoretical perspectives, so that there is no general consensus on what constitutes best practices. Nursing, health-related, sociological, and criminal justice professionals have an excellent and timely opportunity to improve the health, safety, and well-being of individuals, families, and communities by addressing male battering in their scholarship and practice endeavors.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed2002

Nutrition interventions by primary care staff: a survey of involvement, knowledge and attitude.

OBJECTIVE: To undertake a survey to investigate the quality and format of nutrition health promotion in UK primary care. Data from both primary care practitioners - i.e. level of nutritional knowledge and attitude towards nutrition interventions - and patients - i.e. the format and quality of dietary consultations - are presented. DESIGN: A self-completion questionnaire was used to assess nutritional knowledge and attitude of primary care staff towards nutrition interventions. Data regarding the format and quality of the dietary consultation were collected from patients using a screening question and follow-up questionnaire. SETTING: Twelve general practices in a city in north-east England. SUBJECTS: One hundred and nine primary care staff, and 2400 consecutive patients recruited from the 12 practices. RESULTS: Seventy-seven per cent of primary care staff completed the questionnaire. Sixty-five per cent of the knowledge questions were answered correctly by most practitioners. Questions containing complex nutritional terminology were answered poorly. Most practitioners believed primary care teams have an essential role in giving dietary advice. Thirteen per cent of patients reported that they had discussed diet. Of these, 40% were asked to make dietary changes; 20% discussed how they cooked or prepared food; and 33% were asked to make a follow-up appointment. CONCLUSION: Encouraging signs included good levels of nutritional knowledge and belief amongst staff that they should be involved in nutrition interventions. Patients reported that they understood and felt able to achieve the dietary changes suggested. Less encouraging were little evidence of discussion about the practical aspects of food and fairly low rates of follow-up being arranged.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1999

The response of health care workers to AIDS patients' requests for euthanasia.

This paper reports on research into the practice of euthanasia amongst Australian health care professionals specializing in HIV/AIDS. It draws on data from thirty-nine semi-structured interviews carried out in Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane and Canberra with physicians, general practitioners, hospital and community nurses, therapists and community workers. Using a qualitative methodology, the study seeks to identify how (illegal) euthanasia is currently practised, the degrees of involvement, the various forms that involvement takes, and the social relations which provide the context for involvement. In this paper we outline three categories of 'doers' to illustrate the range of attitudes and practices concerning euthanasia. This 'typology' carries a number of implications for recent policy debates over the legalisation of euthanasia. In particular it illustrates, at least within the context of AIDS care, the fragmentation of consensus over euthanasia amongst health care workers, the reality of current illegal euthanasia practices, and the limitations of a prohibitionist policy. While the legalisation of euthanasia within a regulatory framework is sometimes portrayed as an extreme or 'radical' response to terminal illness, the data presented in this paper suggest that prohibitionism is also radical in its failure to control euthanasia practice.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2005

Using action research in nursing practice with older people: democratizing knowledge.

AIM: This paper reports on an action research study which raised some questions about the processes of developing a sense of shared ownership in action research in a research environment which does not always have the appropriate mechanisms to support and sustain action research. BACKGROUND: Action research has gained popularity in nursing and healthcare research, offering a way of developing practice-based knowledge, which can assist in changing practice and democratizing inquiry. METHODS: There are other organizational constraints on action research which arise at different levels, and which also require discussion. These can be issues about communication and ownership at a practice level and issues of funding and project management procedures. This paper reports on a study in which these issues came to the fore, and offers some thoughts on how they can affect the processes of action research. CONCLUSION: While the principles of action research appear to offer much towards the development of a practice-rooted body of knowledge for nursing, unless some of the issues of ownership are resolved, it is unlikely to move beyond academic rhetoric. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: If nursing is to engage in action research, this must be done critically and reflectively and careful attention paid to developing an inclusive and collaborative approach to knowledge and practice development. Furthermore, to develop in nursing and health care research, it must find ways to meet the requirements of funding bodies.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2000

Acute-care nurses' attitudes towards older patients: a literature review.

With increases in life expectancy and increasing numbers of older patients utilising the acute setting, attitudes of registered nurses caring for older people may affect the quality of care provided. This paper reviews recent research on positive and negative attitudes of acute-care nurses towards older people. Many negative attitudes reflect ageist streotypes and knowledge deficits that significantly influence registered nurses' practice and older patients' quality of care. In the acute setting, older patients experience reduced independence, limited decision-making opportunities, increased probability of developing complications, little consideration of their ageing-related needs, limited health education and social isolation. Available instruments to measure attitudes towards and knowledge about older people, although reliable and valid, are outdated, country-specific and do not include either a patient-focus or a caring perspective. This paper argues for the development and utilisation of a research instrument that includes both a patient focus and a caring dimension.

Aged↗