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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Microchimerism and blocking activity in women with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) after alloimmunization with the partner's lymphocytes.

Alloimmunization therapy using the partner's leukocytes has been reported to be effective in preventing the failure of pregnancy in patients who have suffered RSA of unknown cause. After alloimmunization, several investigators have reported the presence of blocking factors (BF) in women with successful pregnancies in in vitro assays of lymphocyte response. The recent discovery of small numbers of ubiquitous donor cells (microchimerism) in human transplants up to 29 years post-transplantation has raised questions about the migration of the chimeric cells and their role in the induction and perpetuation of tolerance. We have investigated the production of BF in the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) before and in some patients after alloimmunization and its possible relation with the development of microchimerism (M). Before the treatment we studied 14 couples with three or more abortions who were evaluated clinically to rule-out genetic, structural, endocrine, infectious and autoimmune causes. The M study was done by nested PCR-SSP technique with HLA-DR alleles, before and after 30 days of the last immunization. Before the treatment only one patient was M positive and none were BF positive with inhibition effect (IE) > 50. Only eight underwent treatment. The patients had between three and nine alloimmunizations (x = 4.7). After treatment, all patients were M positive with IE > 50. Six months after the last immunization, four patients are M positive with IE > 50. In conclusion, the hypothesis proposes that alloimmunization establishes a state of microchimerism that would be the necessary allogeneic stimulus for T-cell activation, and the induction or maintenance of tolerance to the fetus during pregnancy. reserved.

Abortion, Habitual↗
PubMed2006

An analysis of an early-warning system to reduce abortions in dairy cattle in Denmark incorporating both financial and epidemiologic aspects.

Emergency preparedness relies on the ability to detect patterns in rare incidents in an early stage of an outbreak in order to implement relevant actions. Early warning of an abortion storm as a result of infection with a notifiable disease, e.g. brucellosis, bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) or infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), is a significant surveillance tool. This study used data from 507 large Danish dairy herds. A modified two-stage method for detecting an unusual increase in the abortion incidence was applied to the data. An alarm was considered true if an abortion were detected in the month following the alarm month, otherwise false. The total number of abortions that could potentially be avoided if effective action were taken ranged from 769 (22.9%) to 10 (0.3%), as the number of abortions required to set the alarm increased from 1 to 6. The vast majority of abortions could, however, not be predicted, much less prevented, given this early-warning system. The false to true alarm ratio was reduced when the number of abortions that set the alarm increased. The financial scenarios evaluated demonstrated that the value of an abortion, the cost of responding to an alarm and the efficiency of the actions are important for decision making when reporting an alarm. The presented model can readily be extended to other disease problems and multiple-time periods.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1994

Selective permissiveness of TPA differentiated THP-1 myelomonocytic cells for human cytomegalovirus strains AD169 and Towne.

Two highly passaged laboratory strains of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), AD169 and Towne, were tested for their ability to infect and replicate in THP-1 myelomonocytic cells differentiated with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). TPA treatment of human THP-1 cells increased the number of cells that expressed HCMV immediate early (IE1) antigen from 0.06% prior to TPA treatment to 12% following cell differentiation. The Towne but not the AD169 strain replicated in differentiated THP-1 cells as determined by HCMV DNA replication and infectious virus production. Major early (HCMVTRL4) mRNA was present in both the abortive and productive THP-1 cell infections.

Cell Differentiation↗
PubMed1994

Replication of human cytomegalovirus in a rhabdomyosarcoma cell line depends on the state of differentiation of the cells.

The replication of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) was investigated in a new human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line (KFR) with morphological and biochemical characteristics of fetal striated muscle precursors (rhabdomyoblasts). KFR cells exhibited the unique property for spontaneous morphological transformation from a poorly-differentiated state into well-differentiated (myotube-like) rhabdomyoblasts. The poorly-differentiated rhabdomyoblasts promoted both complete viral gene expression and the production of infectious virus. In contrast, in well-differentiated rhabdomyoblasts HCMV infection was abortive. The results showed that replication of HCMV in this human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line depended on the state of cellular differentiation.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1987

Comparison of some ovine Chlamydia psittaci isolates by indirect immunofluorescence.

Four ovine abortion isolates, including the A22 vaccine isolate, and an isolate from a case of lamb arthritis, were compared by indirect immunofluorescence using antisera raised in chickens and mice. Cross titrations with homologous and heterologous antisera showed a one-way reaction between the single chlamydial isolate from a lamb with arthritis and the four isolates from cases of ovine enzootic abortion. The abortion isolates could not be distinguished.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1985

Infections due to Lancefield group G streptococci.

The group G streptococcus has surfaced in the past 10 to 15 years as an important opportunistic and nosocomial pathogen. Although more precise organism recognition accounts for a portion of these cases, there can be little doubt that the group G streptococcus has become a more prevalent pathogen. Commercial kits, utilizing staphylococcal coagglutination or latex agglutination, are now available, affording all clinical laboratories the opportunity to identify this organism easily. Published reviews encompassing the experiences of a single institution or even several institutions affiliated with a single medical center, particularly as they were influenced by referral patterns, did not reflect the broad scope of infections that we discovered by extending our survey into the community, beyond the medical center complex and its immediate affiliated hospitals. Although malignancy is the single most obvious background factor, alcoholism and diabetes are also important host determinants of infection. Skin and soft-tissue infections (and surface sources of infection) are equally important among patients with or without the element of malignancy. Polymicrobial infection, including polymicrobial bacteremia, is an important feature, with S. aureus infections accounting for most of these cases, relating to the skin and soft tissue sources of infections so commonly seen. We saw a panorama of problems including endocarditis, septic arthritis, pleuropulmonary infections, bone and joint infections, puerperal sepsis and neonatal infection, peritonitis and ophthalmitis; we also saw a significant number of patients with bacteremia and no apparent primary source of infection. Response to antibiotic therapy was dictated by the nature of the underlying diseases, and individuals without a background of malignant disease did well, particularly those with skin and soft-tissue infections. While the literature suggests that patients with endocarditis and septic arthritis due to this organism respond poorly to antibiotic therapy, implying that such failures relate to in vitro antibiotic phenomena, we preferred to examine the problem from the viewpoint of the host(s) involved. Subacute endocarditis and acute endocarditis due to the group G streptococcus may be clinically separable, and thus require separate therapeutic approaches. In patients with septic arthritis, prosthetic devices, prior joint disease and immunosuppressive diseases and therapy often adversely influence the response to antibiotic therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Abortion, Septic↗
PubMed1996

The association between tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6 and microbiological findings in the synovial fluid of aborted and neonatal calves.

Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were detected in the intra-carpal synovial fluids collected from aborted and recently dead young calves. Five out of seven TNF-alpha positive joint fluids were bacteriologically positive and two were sterile. Only one out of 20 TNF-alpha negative joint aspirates was infected (P = 0.0014). Sixteen of the synovial fluid samples were examined for the presence of IL-6. In 12 samples IL-6 was detected, six of which were bacteriologically contaminated. Four out of the 16 samples were IL-6 negative. These findings indicated the possible association between TNF-alpha and the intra-articular inflammatory processes in young calves, which in the present study were either found in combination with or without IL-6.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1975

Equine infectious respiratory disease.

During the past 20 years the equine population of Great Britain and Ireland has increased with the result that the practising veterinary surgeon is more frequently called upon to advise on equine problems. A significant portion of this advice is concerned with the examination of horses showing signs of this advice is concerned with the examination of horses showing signs of respiratory disease. Numerous pathogens, which include viruses, bacteria, parasites and moulds invade the respiratory tract causing similar signs of illness. It is therefore difficult to provide an aetiological diagnosis based on a clinical examination. Field studies supported by laboratory investigations have established that influenza and herpes viruses are frequently responsible for outbreaks of disease. Epidemiological studies suggest that other factors including the immune state of the equine population influence the distribution and severity of respiratory disease. The aetiology, diagnosis, treatment and control of equine infectious respiratory disease are discussed below.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1991

[Differentiation of strains of bovine infectious rhinotracheitis virus using restriction analysis].

The virus of infectious rhinotracheitis of cattle (BHV-1) causes the respiratory diseases, encephalitis, vulvovaginitis, abortions, etc. in sensitive animals. The attempts to differentiate the viral strains by virology and serology methods were unsuccessful. The restriction analysis makes possible to divide the strains into the three main groups designated BHV-1.1, BHV-1.2 and BHV-1.3. Majority of authors note the lack of correlation between the restriction pattern of DNA and the syndromes caused by the strains of the first and second groups while all the representatives of the third group were isolated in case of meningoencephalitis. The restriction analysis of BHV-1 strains isolated in the USSR by restriction endonucleases EcoRI, BamHI, HpaI and ClaI is presented. The obtained results show the absence of correlation between the restriction pattern of the strain and the syndrome caused by the viruses of all three groups. The representatives of the group BHV-1.3 that are not associated with the neurological syndrome are isolated for the first time.

DNA, Viral↗
PubMed1986

Distinguishing between ovine abortion and ovine arthritis Chlamydia psittaci isolates with specific monoclonal antibodies.

Monoclonal antibodies to Chlamydia psittaci were prepared by both in vivo and in vitro immunization methods, using an abortion strain of C psittaci as the immunizing antigen. Seven of the 8 monoclonal antibodies produced were genus-specific by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunofluorescence test. The genus-specific antibodies were reactive with a protease-resistant, periodate-sensitive antigen of less than 14 kilodaltons. The remaining monoclonal antibody, 10D7, was specific for ovine abortion strains of C psittaci and nonreactive with 2 strains isolated from the joints of lambs with polyarthritis. The type-specific antigen was protease sensitive, but could not be detected in the immunoblot assay.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1987

Influenza B virus model of Reye's syndrome. Evidence for a nonpermissive infection of liver and brain.

Nonpermissive or abortive viral infections seldom have been recognized as damaging to organs. Concentrated infectious influenza B/Lee virus injected intravenously into Balb/c mice causes a microvesicular fatty metamorphosis of the liver and produces many features of Reye's syndrome. Evidence for a nonpermissive infection in brain and liver includes the following points: (a) no viral replication occurs in either organ; (b) no inflammation develops; (c) no virions are seen by electron microscopy; (d) influenza B viral hemagglutinin increases in the liver; (e) immunofluorescent and immunoperoxidase staining demonstrate viral antigens within hepatocytes and brain capillary endothelial cells; (f) viral antigens appear at 12 hours and disappear by 4 days without spread to adjacent cells; (g) inactivated influenza B virus does not kill mice; (h) mouse alpha- and beta- interferon and homologous B/Lee antiserum given before but not 2 hours after virus inoculation protects mice. These observations suggest a nonpermissive viral infection in hepatocytes and brain capillary endothelial cells which is important in the pathogenesis of the mouse illness and may play a role in the pathogenesis of Reye's syndrome.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Ultrasonic signs of fetal toxoplasmosis. Review of the literature].

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the frequency and discuss the mechanisms and the prognostic value of sonographic anomalies observed during the surveillance of seroconversion for toxoplasmosis during pregnancy. METHODS: Cases of seroconversion during pregnancy were collected from 6 teams working with similar protocols. There were 2,168 seroconversions. We focused on ultrasound anomalies reported. RESULTS: Ultrasound anomalies were reported in 48 cases including the 168 fetuses with proven contamination (fetal blood or amniotic fluid sample), i.e. 2.2% (48 cases out of 2,168) of the seroconversions and 28% (48 cases out of 168) of the contaminated fetuses. There were multiple lesions in 44% of the cases. Brain calcifications had been found in utero in 44% of the newborns with such anomalies. No case of microcephalia was reported. Isolated hepatomegalia (4 cases) was not an indication for medical abortion. Isolated ascitis can regress after antiparasite treatment (2 cases). Medical abortions were performed in 51% of the cases (34 cases out of 66) on the basis of ultrasound findings. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound examination is reliable but can only detect late, constituted and often irreversible lesions. Nevertheless, this examination can help in deciding on medical abortion.

Abortion, Therapeutic↗
PubMed1987

Effect of bovine virus diarrhoea virus on pregnancy in the ewe monitored by ultrasound scanning and levels of 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-PGF2 alpha and progesterone.

Fourteen unvaccinated and seronegative ewes were experimentally infected with bovine virus diarrhoea virus around day 60 of pregnancy. Two other groups of pregnant ewes served as control animals. The animals were followed with ultrasound scanning to study the status of the fetus and with frequent blood sampling for analysis of progesterone and 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-PGF2 alpha, two hormones that could reflect the propagation of the infection. The unvaccinated ewes responded to the infection with abortion, resorption of the fetus, mummification or no changes at all. The endocrinological changes reflected in a most adequate way the pathological changes in the uterus. Detailed endocrinological studies can contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis of some infectious diseases that affect reproduction.

Abortion, Veterinary↗