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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Effect of Raillietina echinobothrida infection on blood values and intestinal tissues of domestic fowls of Bangladesh.

An examination of the blood profile of domestic fowls infected with Raillietina echinobothrida revealed anaemia with a significant increase of total leukocyte counts and decrease of total serum protein. The pathological changes in the intestines were characterised by villous atrophy, enteritis with cellular infiltration and formation of characteristic granulomas.

Anemia↗
PubMed1997

Transmission dynamics of helminth parasites of pigs on continuous pasture: Ascaris suum and Trichuris suis.

In Denmark, alternative outdoor production systems for pigs are becoming more frequent, and information on the transmission of Ascaris suum and Trichuris suis under continuously grazed pasture conditions is needed. A group of pigs was turned out on a pasture in May 1993 (Year 1 of the study), inoculated with 200 eggs of A. suum and 1000 eggs of T. suis, and followed parasitologically. A non-experimentally infected group of pigs was similarly turned out on the same pasture the following year (Year 2) and again followed parasitologically. Pasture infectivity was measured using helminth-naïve tracer pigs. During the summer of Year 1, A. suum eggs became infective within 4-6 weeks on the pasture. However, transmission was moderate until August of Year 2, when a pronounced increase in transmission occurred. After 2 months on the pasture, the continuously exposed pigs in summer seasons of both Years 1 and 2 harboured small overdispersed populations of adult A. suum, moderate numbers of liver white spots, and high specific IgG responses. These parasitological measures on chronically exposed pigs did not, however, correlate well with pasture infectivity or with each other. In contrast, the liver inflammation and specific IgG responses (but not the intestinal A. suum burdens) of the tracer pigs were highly correlated (P = 0.0001) and appeared to better reflect pasture infectivity. The inoculated pigs excreted T. suis eggs by the late summer of Year 1, but no transmission took place before August of Year 2. Thus, the T. suis population of infective eggs built up very slowly. The results indicate that T. suis eggs may survive for a considerable time, however. The study results reveal that A. suum and T. suis eggs are much more resistant to environmental factors than free-living infective larvae of pig parasites such as Oesophagostomum dentatum and Hyostrongylus rubidus. Control of these parasites in outdoor systems will present more difficult challenges than that for parasites transmitted by free-living larvae.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1975

Intestinal pathology associated with Trichostrongylus colubriformis infection in sheep: vascular permeability and ultrastructure of the mucosa.

Increased permeability of capillaries and venules, labelled with colloidal carbon, was observed in the superficial mucosa of the small intestine of sheep infected with Trichostrongylus colubriformis. The labelled vessels were restricted to infected portions of the gut, and the intensity of labelling appeared to be related to density of the worm population. Open junctions were seen between endothelial cells in permeable vessels. In moderately atrophic infected intestine, enterocytes were domed, had sparse, short, distorted microvilli and many polyribosomes. Tight junctions between enterocytes seemed to be intact and distended intercellular spaces were seen. In more severely atrophic mucosa, enterocytes had distended mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, bizarre shapes, and the continuity of the epithelial sheet was occasionally disrupted. There was oedema in the lamina propria and neutrophils were seen in migration to the lumen of the gut. The possible mechanisms inducing these changes and their significance in terms of plasma protein loss and intestinal function are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

The effect of the host immune response on the parasitic nematode Strongyloides ratti.

The host immune response has profound effects on parasitic nematode infections. Here we have investigated how a range of infection parameters are affected by host immune responses and by their suppression and enhancement. The infection parameters considered were the number of parasitic females, their size, per capita fecundity and intestinal position. We found that in immunosuppressive treatments worms persist in the gut, sometimes with a greater per capita fecundity, maintain their size and have a more anterior gut position, compared with worms from control animals. In immunization treatments there are fewer worms in the gut, sometimes with a lower per capita fecundity and they are shorter and have a more posterior gut position, compared with worms from control animals. Worms from animals immunosuppressed by corticosteroid treatment reverse their changes in size and gut position. This description of these phenomena pave the way for a molecular biological analysis of how these changes in infection parameters are brought about by the host immune response.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

The life cycle and pathogenicity of coccicium Eimeria nocens (Kotlán, 1933) in domestic goslings.

Twenty-four 10-day-old, artificially reared, coccidia-free goslings (Anser cygnoides var. domestica) were inoculated orally with 1.0x10(5)-1.0x10(6) sporulated oocysts of Eimeria nocens, and killed at intervals from 30 to 336 hr postinoculation (PI). Parts of the visceral organs, including intestines, kidney, liver, gallbladder, and spleen from inoculated goslings, were fixed and sectioned. The life cycle of E. nocens and histologic changes during infection were examined microscopically. The results showed that at least 3 generations of meronts developed in the endogenous stage of the life cycle of E. nocens. Two types of meronts were found. The first completed maturation at 54 to 78 hr PI. These meronts were the first generation, with each forming about 12 merozoites. The second completed maturation at 102 to 240 hr PI. These meronts were the second or third generations, with each meront forming about 24 merozoites. Development of gamonts began at about 198 hr after infection. The prepatent period was 9 days and discharge of oocysts continued for 4 days. Sporulation of oocysts occurred in 60-72 hr at 25 C. Eimeria nocens invaded the posterior jejunum, ileum, caecum, rectum, and cloaca. Developmental stages were localized within the epithelial cells of villi and crypts, and in lamina propria. Marked histological changes, including desquamation and necrosis of intestinal epithelium, submucosal edema, hemorrhages, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and villous atrophy, were seen during the periods of late merogony, gamogony, and oocyst shedding. They were most pronounced in the ileum and the regions nearby. The infected goslings showed severe diarrhea, bloody feces, anorexia, emaciation, and even death, suggesting that E. nocens is highly pathogenic for goslings.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Mechanisms of protective immunity in Hymenolepis nana/mouse model.

Some immunological and parasitological aspects related to the infection of Hymenolepsis nana in mice are summarized in this review, focusing on the immune effector mechanisms involved in this host/parasite relationship. H. nana is a small cestode tapeworm of man and mice. A primary egg-infection determines within few days a strong immunity. Immunity elicited by low-level primary infection is effective as a high-level infection. The protective role of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity is summarized. The histological findings demonstrate that eosinophils and mast-cells are implicated as effector cells. This review is an attempt to re-examine, at low-level infection, the immune mechanisms in H. nana/mouse model.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Intestinal microbial pathology in AIDS. A clinical case series].

Microbial isolates from 60 diarrheic AIDS patients hospitalized to the Infectious Disease Division of Careggi hospital (Florence) are described. Clinical, microbiological and diagnostic features of each case are discussed with emphasis to some rare or underestimated entities in Europe: Campylobacter laridis bacteremia, Whipple-like disease by atypical Mycobacteria, Schistosoma mansoni proctocolitis. Results regarding newly AIDS-related microorganisms are also stressed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

Labile neurotoxin in serum of calves with "nervous" coccidiosis.

Mouse inoculation was used to test for the presence of a toxin in the serum, cerebrospinal fluid, and intestinal contents collected from cases of bovine enteric coccidiosis, with and without neurological signs, and from control calves. Intravenous inoculation of mice with 10 mL/kg of serum from calves showing nervous signs caused effects significantly different from those caused by the inoculation of serum from calves not showing nervous signs and from control calves. The effect was particularly evident in female mice. At this dosage severe neurological signs such as loss of righting reflex, seizures and death occurred only with serum from calves with "nervous coccidiosis". The results suggest that serum from the calves with neurological signs contains a neurotoxin. This toxin appears to be highly labile. It was not present in the cerebrospinal fluid at levels comparable to those in the serum. The significance of this labile neurotoxin with respect to the pathogenesis of the neurological signs associated with bovine enteric coccidiosis is unknown.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Diarrheal infections.

Infectious agents usually cause diarrhea by invading and damaging the intestinal mucosa or by producing enterotoxins that alter the secretory and absorptive capacities of the intestinal mucosa. Some infectious agents may do both. Physical malabsorption produced by proliferative outgrowth of bacteria or protozoa may also occur. Rotavirus is the most common cause of pediatric infectious diarrhea in the United States. Escherichia coli and Campylobacter species are the most common bacterial agents.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1994

[Diarrheal diseases in 1 to 4 week old suckling piglets from problem herds: microbial spectrum, histology, enzyme histochemistry].

Postmortem investigation was performed on 54 scouring (soon after onset of diarrhea) and 23 healthy suckling piglets. The animals were 1 to 4 weeks of age and were collected from 27 herds. In 21 herds diarrhea had been observed for a long time in piglets in this age group. Coccidia were found in 34 piglets, rotavirus in 2, cryptosporidia in 2, enterotoxigenic E. coli in 6, attaching and effacing E. coli in 1, Cl. perfringens type C in 1, Campylobacter coli in 53 and C. hyointestinalis in 8 piglets. Some of these microorganisms were isolated from healthy piglets as well. TGE- and PED-Virus antigen, as well as Salmonella were not recovered from any of the pigs. Results of the histopathological and enzyme histochemical investigations were in agreement with data from the literature. They confirmed and emphasized the role of coccidia as enteropathogenic agents in the animals examined. On the other hand evidence was shown, that C. coli is non-pathogenic. The role of C. hyointestinalis could not be fully elucidated. At least one sort of enteropathogenic agent was detected in about 68% (n = 37) of the scouring pigs or was present in 81% (n = 17) of the herds, respectively.

Animals↗