Use of jet injectors for B.C.G. vaccination.
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We compared the needle free jet device device Biojector with syringe/needle as a method to administer a DNA vaccine encoding the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP) in albino rabbits. A group of three rabbits was injected by the intramuscular (IM) route using a syringe/needle combination, a second group IM with the Biojector device and a third group both IM and intradermal (ID) using the Biojector. When animals were immunized with the Biojector IM or IM/ID as compared to the syringe/needle IM, we observed 10- and 50-fold greater antibody titers, as measured by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT), respectively. We also observed that the Biojector conferred a greater ability to prime the immune system as compared with the needle. The subsequent boosting of all animals with a recombinant canary pox virus (ALVAC) expressing PfCSP induced significantly higher titers in both Biojector groups of rabbits as compared with the needle and naive animals. These results provided the foundation for a clinical trial using the same regime.
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The routine employment and wide indications for ascending phlebography for evaluating the deep and superficial systems prior to specific therapy makes it desirable that the patient should feel as little pain as possible. By using suitable measures before and after the examination, optimal position of the patient and appropriate choice of instruments, as well as local anaesthesia with a Dermo-Jet pressure injector, it is possible to render the examination almost completely painless.
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The introduction of the hollow needle and glass syringe in the middle of the 19th century was one gigantic step in the progress of medicine to the current state of art. However, the needle with the pain it causes, become the source of fear for many patients. Indeed, immunization of millions of people who feared the needle, against the deadly contagious diseases, would not have been possible without the introduction of a jet-injector, the Med-E-Jet (Peace Gun), a pain-free way of delivering immunizing medication.
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The first choice for imaging diagnosis of parathyroid gland (PTG) abnormalities is ultrasonography with a high-frequency probe. The patient must be positioned correctly when performing either imaging or percutaneous ethanol injection (PEIT) of the PTG. The enlarged PTGs are examined by ultrasonic tomography using 3D measurements, and it is important to evaluate blood flow; the PTGs are hypervascular in comparison with a nodular lesion of the thyroid. Based on the 3D data, the estimated volume of the gland is calculated (a x b x c x pi/6), from which the volume of ethanol to be injected is determined. The operator performing the puncture should be skilled in interventional ultrasonography, including needle biopsy of superficial organs, because when the PTG enlargement is advanced, ethanol must be injected in several steps while checking for residual blood flow. After locating the tip of the needle by ultrasonography, the ethanol is injected, the jet echoes that spread from the tip of the needle are confirmed, and when there is no leakage from the gland, a volume of ethanol corresponding to approximately 50% of the volume of the enlarged gland is injected. If residual blood flow is observed, additional ethanol is injected at the site. After completion of PEIT of the PTG, colour Doppler imaging is repeated and, if there is no blood flow, then the procedure is considered to be successful.
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