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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1957

A comparative study of kinin, kallidin, and bradykinin.

Partially purified kinin, a polypeptide in wasp venom, has been found to be a potent smooth-muscle stimulating and hypotensive agent. Such a preparation was 10 to 100 times more effective than histamine in enhancing capillary permeability on intradermal injection, and 10 times more effective than acetylcholine in evoking pain on a cutaneous blister base. Some differences between the actions of salivary kallikrein and trypsin in releasing kallidin or bradykinin have been observed, and some modifications of previous methods of preparing crude kallidin and bradykinin are suggested. Kallidin and bradykinin are effective enhancers of capillary permeability in the guinea-pig and rabbit. Chemical and pharmacological tests failed to differentiate between kallidin and bradykinin which must be, therefore, closely similar compounds. The possible role of kallidin and bradykinin in physiological or pathological conditions is discussed.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1957

Oxytocic polypeptides in human urine.

The work of Gomes on the polypeptide in human urine which causes contraction of the rat uterus has been extended. Concentrates were prepared by means of paper pulp columns similar to those used by Rocha e Silva and his colleagues for the purification of bradykinin, and evidence was obtained for the presence of two different active substances not only in human urine but also in a preparation of bradykinin. The effect of human urine on the rat uterus is probably due to bradykinin itself or a mixture of similar substances.

Animals↗
PubMed1957

The preservation of substance P by lysergic acid diethylamide.

Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) potentiated the response of guinea-pig ileum to substance P but not to histamine. It also inhibited the disappearance of substance P when incubated with guinea-pig brain extract but not when incubated with chymotrypsin. Eserine, morphine, mescaline, chlorpromazine, ergometrine, strychnine and 2 bromo-LSD did not have this effect. Oxytocin was not destroyed by brain extract. The inhibition of the destruction of substance P by LSD could be antagonized by 2 bromo-LSD. This effect of LSD may have some relation to its pharmacological actions.

Brain↗
PubMed1957

The effect of human plasma on the glucose uptake of the rat diaphragm before and after administration of carbutamide.

The glucose uptake of the rat diaphragm has been determined in the presence of the plasma of young volunteers before and after administration of carbutamide without and with added insulin. The increase in the glucose uptake of the rat diaphragm due to the added plasma above that in the medium alone has been termed plasma effect. The increase in the glucose uptake of the rat diaphragm with plasma and added insulin above that with only insulin in the medium has been termed plasma+insulin effect. There was a significant increase in the plasma effect and the plasma+insulin effect after carbutamide administration. The increase in the plasma+insulin effect was significantly greater than the increase in the plasma effect. From these observations it has been suggested that carbutamide potentiates the action of insulin peripherally. Observed facts about carbutamide do not contradict this mechanism of action.

Animals↗
PubMed1958

Effect of pyridine aldoximes on response of frog rectus muscle to acetylcholine.

The effects of pyridine-2, 3- and 4-aldoxime methiodide (PAM) on the isotonic contracture of the isolated frog rectus abdominis muscle elicited by acetylcholine have been studied. The potentiation to acetylcholine resulting from incubation with PAM isomers is reversible and may be related to the weak anticholinesterase property of these compounds. Concentrations of the isomers higher than those needed for maximal potentiation produce a reversible block of the muscle to acetylcholine. pH studies suggest that cations are responsible for the potentiating and blocking properties of the PAM isomers.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1958

Potentiation of the response of frog rectus muscle to acetylcholine by isopropyl methyl phosphonofluoridate and its modification by pyridine-2-aldoxime methiodide.

Pyridine-2-aldoxime methiodide (P2AM) was used to study the relation between the recovery of cholinesterase activity of isolated frog rectus abdominis muscle and the change of isotonic response to acetylcholine after previous treatment with the anticholinesterase, isopropyl methyl phosphonofluoridate (sarin). Addition of P2AM to muscle which had been incubated with sarin produced an 88% decrease in potentiation to acetylcholine. This was accompanied by 71% and 35% recoveries of the cholinesterase activity of the intact and finely ground muscle respectively compared with controls from the contralateral muscle. Following pre-treatment with sarin, a two-hour rinsing with acetylcholine (3 mug./ml.) produced a 61% decrease in potentiation to acetylcholine accompanied by 24% and 4.5% recoveries of cholinesterase activity in intact and in ground muscle respectively. Since control experiments showed absence of uncombined sarin in the muscle after rinsing with acetylcholine solution, the results indicate a greater effectiveness of P2AM and acetylcholine in reactivating superficially situated cholinesterase of the frog rectus abdominis as compared with enzyme within the interior of the muscle.

Acetylcholine↗