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Results for “Mobility”

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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources

PubMed2005

Measurement of lumbar spine loads and motions during rotational mobilization.

OBJECTIVES: To measure the loads acting at the lumbar spine and the resulting motions during rotational mobilization. METHODS: Twenty healthy subjects were subjected to right rotational mobilization of different grades. The magnitude and frequency of mobilization loads were decided by an experienced manipulative therapist to be appropriate for each mobilization grade. Subjects were positioned on a specially constructed plinth capable of measuring forces and moments about 3 axes. The 3-dimensional movements of the lumbar spine were captured by an electromagnetic tracking device. RESULTS: In the starting positions, the lumbar spines were found to be flexed, axially rotated to the right, and laterally bent to the left. As the mobilization grade increased, the spine was axially rotated further into the range. Rotational mobilization was found to induce oscillatory moments and movements of the spine in all 3 anatomical planes. The twisting moment and movement were generally accompanied by lateral bending moment and movement in the opposite direction. The mean amplitudes of the moment and movement oscillations were small and found to be largest for grade III mobilization. CONCLUSION: The mechanical effects of rotational mobilization are not restricted to axial rotation of the spine as the name may have suggested. Rotational mobilization may be able to restore lost movements of the lumbar spine in any of the 3 planes. The method developed in this study showed good reliability and may be considered to assess treatment outcome and changes in spinal stiffness after therapy.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Accrual of MRI white matter abnormalities in elderly with normal and impaired mobility.

White matter signal abnormality (WMSA) is often present in the MRIs of older persons with mobility impairment. We examined the relationship between impaired mobility and the progressive accrual of WMSA. Mobility was assessed with the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and quantitative measures of gait and balance. Fourteen subjects had baseline and follow-up MRI scans performed 20 months apart. WMSA was detected and quantified using automated computer algorithms. In the control subjects, WMSA volume increased by 0.02+/-0.05% ICCV (percent intracranial cavity volume)/year while the WMSA of mobility impaired subjects increased five-times faster (0.10+/-0.10 ICCV/year, p=0.03). WMSA volume was related to some of the mobility measures and was sensitive to change which was not true of the other MRI variables. The study demonstrates the sensitivity of longitudinal automated volumetric analysis of WMSA to differentiate differences in the accrual rate of WMSA in groups selected on the basis of mobility. Based on these results, we propose that a subset of subjects with mobility impairment have accelerated, disease related WMSA accrual, thus explaining the rapid progression of mobility impairment in some older persons without apparent cause. This study demonstrates that quantitative MRI and performance measures can provide valuable insight into the rate of progression and pathophysiologic abnormalities underlying mobility impairment.

Aged↗

PubMed2006

Joint mobilization reduces hyperalgesia associated with chronic muscle and joint inflammation in rats.

UNLABELLED: Joint mobilization is a common treatment used by healthcare professions for management of a variety of painful conditions, including inflammatory joint and muscle pain. We hypothesized that joint mobilization would reduce the bilateral hyperalgesia induced by muscle and joint inflammation. Mechanical hyperalgesia was measured by examining the mechanical withdrawal threshold of the rat's paw before and after induction of inflammation with 3% carrageenan (gastrocnemius muscle) or 3% kaolin/carrageenan (knee joint), and for 1 hour after knee joint mobilization. The mobilization consisted of rhythmically flexing and extending the knee joint to the end of range of extension while the tibia was simultaneously moved in an anterior to posterior direction. A bilateral decrease in mechanical withdrawal thresholds occurred 1, 2, and 4 weeks after inflammation of the knee joint or muscle. In animals with muscle inflammation, mobilization of the knee joint increased the mechanical withdrawal threshold bilaterally when given 1, 2, or 4 weeks after inflammation. However, in animals with knee joint inflammation, mobilization of the knee joint at 4 weeks increased the mechanical withdrawal threshold but had no effect when administered 1 or 2 weeks after inflammation. Therefore, joint mobilization reduces hyperalgesia induced by chronic inflammation of muscle and joint. PERSPECTIVE: This article shows that unilateral joint mobilization reduces bilateral hyperalgesia induced by chronic muscle or joint inflammation. Understanding the pain conditions in which mobilization produces an analgesic effect should assist the clinician in selecting appropriate treatment techniques. The bilateral effect suggests that central mechanisms could mediate the analgesia.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Evaluating mobility for radiotherapy planning of lung tumors: a comparison of virtual fluoroscopy and 4DCT.

PURPOSE: Fluoroscopy is widely used for evaluating tumor mobility in radiotherapy planning. Lung tumor mobility was scored using virtual fluoroscopy, and this was compared to mobility derived from contoured tumors in all phases of a respiration-correlated (or 4D) CT scan. METHODS AND MATERIALS: 4DCT datasets were reviewed and 29 patients were identified in whom tumors were visible on anterior-posterior fluoroscopy views. Mobility in all directions was estimated on fluoroscopy movie loops by four clinicians. These results were compared to mobility measured from contoured tumor volumes in all phases of the same 4DCT. Internal target volumes (ITV) were generated for both approaches. RESULTS: In eight patients, fluoroscopy did not allow for tumor mobility to be assessed in at least one direction. No significant inter-clinician variation was observed with respect to fluoroscopic assessment of mobility. Clinicians systematically overestimated mobility in all three directions (p<0.05). The mean ITVs derived using fluoroscopy were 52.2% larger than those derived using 4DCT contours, but the individual ITVs were smaller in three patients. CONCLUSION: Use of virtual fluoroscopy generally overestimates the mobility of visible lung tumors, and results in irradiation of unnecessarily large target volumes. In contrast, use of 4DCT minimizes the risk of normal tissue toxicity.

Fluoroscopy↗

PubMed1987

Theoretical and experimental study of high-performance electrophoretic mobilization of isoelectrically focused protein zones.

In an earlier paper we showed that it is possible to mobilize a train of isoelectrically focused proteins and thus detect them on-tube or off-tube. The mobilization was performed in different ways, for instance electrophoretically by exchanging the anolyte for the catholyte or vice versa. In this paper we treat the electrophoretic mobilization theoretically, originating from the conditions of electroneutrality. The information thus gained was used to design anolytes and catholytes of appropriate compositions for mobilization of focused proteins. The usefulness of these electrode solutions is illustrated by focusing-mobilization experiments performed in free solution in a glass tube of length 110 mm. Since the inside diameter of the tube and its wall thickness were only 0.05 mm, the Joule heat was efficiently removed, which allowed the use of high field strengths (270 V/cm). The focusing time was therefore as short as 6 min. The time required for mobilization was about 15 min (360 V/cm). The mobilized protein zones were detected on-tube by absorbance measurements at 280 nm. The glass tube was treated with non-cross-linked polyacrylamide to eliminate electroendosmosis and adsorption of proteins onto the tube wall. The following conclusions drawn from the theoretical studies were experimentally verified: mobilization toward the anode (cathode) can be accomplished by selecting an anolyte (catholyte) containing a cation (anion) other than the proton (hydroxyl ion); the cation (anion) will then electrophoretically migrate into the separation tube and continuously increase (decrease) the pH from the anodic (cathodic) end of the tube. The pH of the electrode solution toward which the mobilization takes place is critical for off-tube, but not for on-tube detection. With the aid of the electroneutrality condition that applies in isoelectric focusing, one can easily explain the generation of the so-called plateau phenomenon.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Interaction mechanisms on octadecyl packed columns in subcritical fluid chromatography with CO2-modifier mobile phases.

An experimental design was carried out for describing the interaction mechanisms between solutes and octadecyl bonded silicas in subcritical fluid chromatography (SubFC), with CO2-methanol and CO2-acetonitrile mobile phases. The effects of modifier amount, temperature and outlet pressure were studied. The homologous series of alkylbenzenes was mainly used as probe, and results were in part assessed with other series. Curves between the methylene selectivity (alphaCH2) and the alkyl chain carbon number (Cn) were plotted, because changes of slope or discontinuity in these curves are yielded by interaction mechanism modifications. Moreover, the linearity of the Van 't Hoff curves with CO2-acetonitrile mobile phases has enabled one to calculate the transfer enthalpy (deltaH) for each homologue. The curves log k = f(-deltaH) allow a discrimination of the retention behaviors between the short and the long homologues for CO2-acetonitrile mobile phases. Depending on the analytical conditions, different oriented partition mechanisms occur for the long homologues, when the short ones seem to be fully embedded into the grafted chains near the silica surface. With methanol-CO2 mobile phases the discrimination between the homologues disappears and the methylene selectivity curves correspond to a bulk partition mechanism. The differences in the interaction mechanisms following the modifier nature are related to the adsorption the mobile phase onto the stationary phase, because the amount of adsorbed mobile phase modifies the bonded chain mobility. With methanol, an important adsorption of the mobile phase occurs, when this adsorption is reduced with acetonitrile. In this latter case, an anisotropy in the stationary phase mobility can explain the observed difference in the interaction mechanisms of homologues. Finally, effects of stationary phase chain length (from C18 to C22) and bonding density (from 2.5 to 3.4 micromol m(-2)) were also reported.

Adsorption↗

PubMed1997

Description and prediction of retention in normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with binary and ternary mobile phase.

The suitabilities of several earlier reported models for description and prediction of retention in normal-phase systems with mobile phases comprised of two organic solvents-a polar and a non-polar one-were tested on the chromatographic behaviour of phenylurea herbicides and alkyl-, aryl- and nitrophenols as sample solutes with a silica-gel column and 2-propanol, n-heptane and dioxane as mobile phase components. With few exceptions, the data obtained from the best-fit three-parameter retention equation differ from the experimental capacity factors at less than 0.1, or 2%, and for most compounds the fit is better than 1%. Of the two two-parameter equations derived from theoretical models, one failed to describe the retention behaviour. The fit of the other two-parameter equation to the retention data of phenols is slightly inferior than with the three-parameter equation. The differences between the fitted data and the experimental capacity factors of substituted phenylureas were < or = 0.2, or 5%. Three-parameter equations were suggested to describe the retention behaviour in three-component mobile phases either at a constant sum or at a constant ratio of the two stronger solvents in ternary mobile phases. To fit the three-component data at any combination of concentrations of the three solvents with the error comparable to that in binary mobile phases, a nine-parameter equation is necessary. Suitability of these equations to describe the experimental behaviour of substituted phenylureas and phenols was verified in ternary mobile phases with various concentrations of 2-propanol, dioxane and n-heptane. Finally, a method was suggested for the prediction of retention in ternary mobile phases with varying concentration ratios of the two polar solvents from the parameters of best-fit equations in binary mobile phases and a single experimental capacity factor in a ternary mobile phase. For most capacity factors, the error of prediction was lower than 0.2, or 5%. Dried solvents were used to improve the reproducibility of the results and the temperature was controlled to +/-0.1 degree C in all experiments. With these precautions, differences between the original retention volumes and the data from repeated experiments measured after ten months of use of the column in the system tested were less than 0.2 ml for 85% of the values compared.

1-Propanol↗

PubMed1998

Mobilization of heavy metals and arsenic in polluted wetland soils and its dependence on dissolved organic matter.

The wetland soils of the Mulde river in the industrial district of Bitterfeld-Wolfen (Germany) are highly contaminated with heavy metals and arsenic. We studied the mobility of accumulated heavy metals and arsenic and the influence of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on element mobility. Undisturbed soil cores were taken from five different sites to represent a wide range of heavy-metal contamination, soil properties and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations. The acid-soluble concentrations (mostly equal to the total content) were up to 1100 mg kg-1 for Zn, 800 mg kg-1 for Cr, 364 mg kg-1 for Cu, 265 mg kg-1 for As and 37 mg kg-1 for Hg, depending on the sampling site. Percolation experiments using small lysimeters with undisturbed topsoil cores illustrated a considerable mobilization of Zn, Cd, Cu, Cr and Hg, depending on soil properties. Up to 80 micrograms l-1 Cd, 8 mg 1-1 Zn, 130 micrograms l-1 Cr, 160 micrograms l-1 Cu and 7 micrograms l-1 Hg were detected in the soil percolates. Arsenic mobilization was low. The concentration of Cr, Hg, Cu and As in the soil percolates was positively correlated with DOM. Besides the element content (mobile or acid-soluble), soil pH and soil characteristics describing the soil potential for heavy-metal adsorption (clay, oxides, cation exchange capacity), the DOC concentration in the soil solution should be known to access the potential mobilization of Hg, Cr, Cu and As. In contrast, Cd and Zn mobilization depends on soil pH and mobile element content, but not on DOM. Additional studies on two soil profiles (down to 1.5 m) confirmed the translocation of heavy metals from the highly contaminated topsoil into deeper soil horizons and into the groundwater and the influence of DOM as revealed with the percolation experiment. Our results also showed that DOM is of minor importance on the mobilization of heavy metals in soils with a low soil pH (< 4.5).

Adsorption↗

PubMed2003

Mobile and fixed bearing total knee prosthesis functional comparison during stair climbing.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this investigation is to determine the functional performance of the mobile bearing total knee replacement prosthesis as compared to the fixed bearing type total knee replacement prosthesis. DESIGN: Kinematics, kinetics, and electromyography data were gained from 10 patients with mobile bearing and 10 patients with a fixed bearing posterior stabilized Insall Burstein II total knee replacement during ascending and descending stairs. A control group of 10 normal subjects, matched by sex and age, was also analysed. BACKGROUND: No significant biomechanical differences in patients with different total knee replacement designs have been reported from level-walking studies. Slightly better performance of posterior retaining with respect to cruciate sacrificing total knee replacement designs have been claimed from stair climbing studies. Only one study has been conducted regarding mobile versus fixed bearing total knee replacement assessed by gait analysis. This study did not show any biomechanical differences between the two groups. METHODS: Motion analysis was used to quantify the knee kinematics, kinetics, and electromyography (right and left longissimus dorsi, gluteus medius, rectus femoris, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles) during stair ascent and descent. RESULTS: The mobile bearing group demonstrated a reduced knee extensor moment during stair climbing and descending, and a reduced knee adductor moment during stair climbing. When ascending stairs, most of the mobile bearing patients show a peak knee flexion and a peak knee flexion moment at the late stance phase during the double support period. This kinematic and kinetic pattern is absent in normal subject. Both mobile bearing and fixed bearing groups showed abnormal electromyography patterns in both descending and ascending. CONCLUSIONS: During stair climbing, the mobile bearing design demonstrates a different kinematic pattern to the fixed bearing total knee replacement. Lower limb compensatory mechanisms seemed to be adopted particularly by the mobile bearing patients during ascending stairs. RELEVANCE: Total knee replacement patient with mobile bearing design can feel excessive femoro-tibial motion during daily living activities such as stair climbing and descending. Proprioceptive control of this tibio-femoral translation is needed as demonstrated by the lower limb compensatory mechanism. This data suggest that antero-posterior constraint structures (ligamentous or mechanical) are important to obtain reproducible knee kinematics.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Mobility screening as part of a community-based geriatric assessment.

This article provides an overview of the basic components of mobility and encourages home care practitioners to include mobility screening as a part of geriatric assessment. Mobility is viewed as an integrated and interdependent function of physical, mental, emotional, and social capacities, and therefore encourages an interdisciplinary approach to assessment of basic mobility problems and needs. The discussion includes mobility-related operational definitions and measurements, reasons to perform a mobility screen, how to incorporate the components of basic mobility into a geriatric mobility screen, and factors that significantly distinguish in-home assessment from a clinic- or institution-based geriatric mobility assessment.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed2002

Cross-polarization/magic angle spinning NMR to study glucose mobility in a model intermediate-moisture food system.

Theories for the chemical stability of foods cite the role of moisture content or water activity in reactant mobility, though mobility has been variously defined. One theory, based on plasticization by moisture, is limited by a lack of research directly linking the mobility of a matrix to the mobility and reactivity of small solute molecules in foods. A cross-polarization/magic angle spinning technique was developed to study glucose rotational mobility in the solid state over a range of water activities and in matrixes with different glass transition temperatures. Data analysis stressed the significance of separating molecular mobility from relaxation time. Results showed that, in a caseinate matrix, compared to a control, adding glycerol yielded the highest glucose mobility and lowest glass transition temperature (T(g)), while adding sorbitol also increased mobility and lowered T(g). Consequently, plasticization by either moisture or these humectants increases the mobility of small solute molecules such as glucose.

Chemical Phenomena↗

PubMed2005

Influences of self-assembled structure on mobilities of charge carriers in pi-conjugated polymers.

Mobilities of charge carriers in cast and spun films of poly(3-hexylthiophene)s (PHTs) with regioregularities of 97%, 81%, 70%, and 54% (denoted as PHT97%, PHT81%, PHT70%, and PHT54%, respectively) are evaluated as a function of doping level. A common feature of mobility vs doping level plots for all the PHT films is that the mobility decreases initially with the increase of the doping level and then starts to rise drastically at ca. 1% doping level. No large mobility difference is observed between cast and spun films of each PHT. In contrast, the difference in regioregularity of PHT resulted in a large mobility difference, especially in the low doping regime. At the highest doping levels of ca. 20%, the apparent mobility values reach 0.4 and 0.01 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) for the cast films of PHT97% and PHT54%, respectively. These features of the mobility plots are discussed in connection with self-assembled structures of PHT films studied by electrochemical, in-situ ESR, in-situ UV-vis-NIR, and X-ray diffraction measurements. It is concluded first that mobilities of polarons are mainly controlled by the rate of an interchain charge hopping and second that the evolution of metallic conduction featured by the sharp mobility increase is irrelevant to the interchain stacking, or rather governed by an intrachain route.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2006

Modeling the electrophoretic mobility and diffusion of weakly charged peptides.

A bead model to determine the electrophoretic mobilities and translational diffusion constants of weakly charged peptides is developed that is based on a approximate structural model of peptides and is also grounded in electrohydrodynamic theory. A peptide made up of X amino acids is modeled as N=2X beads with 2 beads representing each amino acid in the chain. For the two beads representing a particular amino acid in a peptide, the radius of one bead is set to one-half the nearest neighbor Calpha-Calpha distance, and the radius of the other bead is chosen on the basis of the diffusion constant of the free amino acid. Peptide conformations, which are defined by a set of psi-phi dihedral angles, are randomly generated by using the transformation matrix approach of Flory (Flory, P. Statistical Mechanics of Chain Molecules; John Wiley: New York, 1969) and rejecting conformations which result in bead overlap. The mobility and diffusion constants are computed for each conformation and at least 100 independent conformations are examined for each peptide. In general, the mobility is found to depend only weakly on peptide conformation. Model and experimental mobilities are compared by examining the data of Janini and co-workers (Janini, G.; et al. J. Chromatogr. 1999, 848, 417-433). A total of 58 peptides consisting of from 2 to 39 amino acids are considered. The average relative error between experimental and model mobilities is found to be 1.0% and the rms relative error 7.7%. In specific cases, the discrepancy can be substantial and possible reasons for this are discussed. It should be emphasized that the input parameters of the peptide model are totally independent of experimental mobilities. It is hoped that the peptide model developed here will be useful in the prediction of peptide mobility as well as in using peptide mobilities to extract information about peptide structure, conformation, and charge. Finally, we show how simultaneous measurements of translational diffusion and mobility can be used to estimate peptide charge.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1998

Mobilization of iron from coal fly ash was dependent upon the particle size and the source of coal.

Particulate air pollution, including coal fly ash, contains iron, and some of the pathological effects after inhalation may be due to reactive oxygen species produced by iron-catalyzed reactions. The objective of this study was to determine whether iron, present in coal fly ash, was mobilized, leading to ferritin induction in human airway epithelial cells, and whether the size of the particles affected the amount of iron mobilized. Three types of coal were used to generate the three size fractions of fly ash collected. The Utah coal fly ash was generated from a bituminous b coal, the Illinois coal fly ash from a bituminous c coal, and the North Dakota coal fly ash from a lignite a coal. Three size fractions were studied to compare the amount of iron mobilized in human airway epithelial (A549) cells and by citrate in cell-free suspensions. The size fractions selected were fine (<2.5 microm) and coarse (2.5-10 microm) components of PM10, airborne particulate matter <10 microm in diameter, and the fraction greater than 10 microm. Coal fly ash samples were incubated with 1 mM citrate to determine if iron associated with coal fly ash could be mobilized. Iron was mobilized by citrate from all three size fractions of all three coal types to levels as high as 56.7 nmol of Fe/mg of coal fly ash after 24 h. With all three coal types, more iron was mobilized by citrate from the <2.5 microm fraction than from the >2.5 microm fractions. Further, the mobilized iron was in the Fe(III) form. To determine if iron associated with the coal fly ash could be mobilized by A549 cells, cells were treated with coal fly ash, and the amount of the iron storage protein ferritin was determined after 24 h. Ferritin levels were increased by as much as 11.9-fold in cells treated with coal fly ash. With two of the three types of coal studied, more ferritin was induced in cells treated with the <2.5 microm fraction than with the >2.5 microm fractions. Further, inhibition of the endocytosis of the coal fly ash by the cells resulted in ferritin levels that were near that of the untreated cells, suggesting that iron was mobilized intracellularly, not in the culture medium. The results of this study suggest that differences in particle size and speciation of iron may affect the release of iron in human airway epithelial cells.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗

PubMed1997

Blood progenitor cell (BPC) mobilization studied in multiple myeloma, solid tumor and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients after combination chemotherapy and G-CSF.

For blood progenitor cell (BPC) mobilization, standard-dose VIP chemotherapy consisting of etoposide, ifosfamide and cisplatin has previously shown effective tumor reduction in solid tumor patients and sufficient progenitor cell mobilization for autologous blood cell transplantation. Mobilization chemotherapy regimens in multiple myeloma (MM) predominantly consist of melphalan or cyclophosphamide that induce marked cytopenia and considerable variability of progenitor cell collection. We studied whether in MM (n = 13), BPCs were efficiently and reproducibly mobilized with etoposide (500 mg/m2) and ifosfamide (1500 mg/m2), followed by daily s.c. G-CSF (5 micrograms/kg). In parallel, patients with solid tumors or non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (n = 28) treated with etoposide (500 mg/m2), ifosfamide (1500 mg/m2) and cisplatin (150 mg/m2) and identical dosing of G-CSF were analyzed. Before chemotherapy (day 0), on day 7 after chemotherapy and on days of leukapheresis (day 9-14), leukocyte numbers, mononuclear cells (MNCs), CD34+ cells and coexpression of lineage markers were analyzed. Median blood leukocyte numbers were 28,100/microliters (range, 19,600-40,400) on day 10 in myeloma patients and progressively declined over the next 4 days. In contrast, in solid tumor and lymphoma patients leukocyte numbers constantly increased from a median of 12,400/microliters (range, 6000-22,000) to 30,000/microliters (range, 16,300-63,300) between day 10 and day 13 after chemotherapy. Similar to leukocyte counts, median MNC numbers decreased in myeloma patients with successive leukaphereses, but steadily increased in solid tumor and lymphoma patients over the same period. CD34+ cell numbers in the blood peaked between day 9 and 11 (median: 40/microliters) in myeloma patients and then declined. In the solid tumor and lymphoma group, median CD34+ counts in the blood peaked on day 12 after mobilization chemotherapy (median: 100/microliters). The median CD34+ yield per leukapheresis in the myeloma group was 2.2 x 10(6)/kg (range, 1.5-4.7) on day 10, and fell steadily to 0.95 x 10(6)/kg on day 12, whereas in solid tumor/NHL patients median CD34+ cell yields remained between 3.5 and 3.7 x 10(6)/kg from day 10 to day 12 after mobilization chemotherapy (P < 0.001). To obtain sufficient cell numbers for engraftment a median of 2 (range, 1-3) mobilization chemotherapy cycles were needed in MM compared to 1 (range, 1-10) in solid tumor or lymphoma patients, with a median of 5 (range, 2-8) leukaphereses in MM compared to 1 (range, 1-10) (P < 0.05). Taken together, we found that for patients with MM, VP16 and ifosfamide efficiently and predictably mobilizes progenitor cells into the PB with > or = 3 x 10(6)/kg CD34+ cells collected after one to two mobilization chemotherapy cycles.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Mobilization of predominantly Philadelphia chromosome-negative blood progenitors using cyclophosphamide and rHUG-CSF in early chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukaemia: correlation with Sokal prognostic index and haematological control.

Mobilization of Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) negative blood progenitors was attempted in 23 newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) patients using a regimen of cyclophosphamide (CY) 5 g/m2 and rHUG-CSF 150 microg/m2 daily. This regimen was well tolerated with no major adverse events reported. More than 2 x 10(6)/kg CD34+ cells were collected in 21 patients (91%). Predominantly Ph-negative mobilization (0-25% Ph-positive) was seen in 30% of cases overall and was confined to patients with a Sokal prognostic score < 1 (7/11 with Sokal score <1; 0/12 with Sokal score > or = 1). Within the low Sokal index group, a low WBC count pre-mobilization and a low WBC nadir both correlated strongly with Ph-negative mobilization (P = 0.006 and 0.02 respectively). Five of 19 patients receiving at least 6 months of Roferon A therapy post mobilization achieved a major cytogenetic response; all five patients were Ph-negative mobilizers. Therefore CML patients can be divided into a good-prognosis group in whom predominantly Ph-negative progenitors can be mobilized using a regimen of moderate intensity if haematological control is achieved pre-mobilization, and a poor-prognosis group for whom predominantly Ph-positive cells are mobilized with this regimen regardless of haematological control.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Analysis of PBPC cell yields during large-volume leukapheresis of subjects with a poor mobilization response to filgrastim.

BACKGROUND: The circulating CD34 count is a reliable predictor of peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) yields in subjects with a vigorous mobilization response to G-CSF, however, the value of this parameter in poor mobilizers is uncharacterized. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Consecutive PBPC procedures (n = 81) with preapheresis CD34 counts less than 20 per microL (poor mobilizers) were compared with an equal number of good mobilizers (preapheresis CD34 counts > or =20/microL). G-CSF was administered at standard doses (10 microg/kg/day). RESULTS: CD34 yields correlated strongly with preapheresis CD34 counts in both good and poor mobilizers and were higher in allogeneic than autologous donors. For a standard 75-kg recipient, a CD34 cell dose of greater than 2 x 10(6) per kg was never achieved in less than two 15-L procedures if the preapheresis CD34 count was less than 8 per microL. Preapheresis WBC and MNC counts were lower in poor than in good mobilizers (28.4 vs. 43.0 and 3.25 vs. 5.01 x 10(3)/microL, respectively, p < 0.0001). Total WBC counts correlated more strongly with preapheresis CD34 counts, total CD34 yields, and CD34 yields per L processed in good mobilizers (R = 0.50, R = 0.44, and R = 0.42, respectively) than in poor mobilizers (R = 0.22, R = 0.02, and R = 0.01, respectively), whereas total MNC counts correlated more strongly with these parameters in poor (R = 0.38, R = 0.23, and R = 0.27, respectively) than in good mobilizers (R = 0.04, R = 0.13, and R = 0.16, respectively). CONCLUSION: CD34 cell yields correlate strongly with preapheresis CD34 counts. Based on this analysis, a CD34 count greater than or equal to 8 per microL is the threshold for performing PBPC collections in our institution.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Knee joint mobilization reduces secondary mechanical hyperalgesia induced by capsaicin injection into the ankle joint.

Joint mobilization is a treatment approach commonly used by physical therapists for the management of a variety of painful conditions. However, the clinical effectiveness when compared to placebo and the neurophysiological mechanism of action are not known. The purpose of this study was to establish that application of a manual therapy technique will produce antihyperalgesia in an animal model of joint inflammation and that the antihyperalgesia produced by joint mobilization depends on the time of treatment application. Capsaicin (0.2%, 50 microl) was injected into the lateral aspect of the left ankle joint and mechanical withdrawal threshold assessed before and after capsaicin injection in Sprague-Dawley rats. Joint mobilization of the ipsilateral knee joint was performed 2 h after capsaicin injection for a total of 3 min, 9 min or 15 min under halothane anaesthesia. Control groups included animals that received halothane for the same time as the group that received joint mobilization and those whose limbs were held for the same duration as the mobilization (no halothane). Capsaicin resulted in a decreased mechanical withdrawal threshold by 2 h after injection that was maintained through 4 h. Both 9 and 15 min of mobilization, but not 3 min of mobilization, increased the withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimuli to baseline values when compared with control groups. The antihyperalgesic effect of joint mobilization lasted 30 min. Thus, joint mobilization (9 or 15 min duration) produces a significant reversal of secondary mechanical hyperalgesia induced by intra-articular injection of capsaicin.

Animals↗