PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “NASOLACRIMAL DUCT”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Acute dacryocystitis secondary to exudative rhinitis.

This report describes the unusual occurrence of acute dacryocystitis secondary to exudative rhinitis. An 18-year-old man with no prior history of tearing or dacryocystitis presented with acute left dacryocystitis. Nasal mucosal edema, lymphoid hyperplasia, and exudate obstructed the ostium of his left nasolacrimal duct. The patient improved rapidly with systemic antibiotic and nasal decongestant drugs. Both the nasolacrimal duct obstruction and dacryocystitis resolved completely within 2 weeks. One year later, serology suggested Epstein-Barr virus as the cause of the rhinitis. Acute intranasal inflammation may obstruct the nasolacrimal duct with potential secondary dacryocystitis. This type of nasolacrimal duct obstruction resolves without sequelae when the rhinitis improves.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2005

Endoscopic radiofrequency-assisted dacryocystorhinostomy with double stent: a personal experience.

AIM: To report the success rate of endoscopic radiofrequency-assisted dacryocystorhinostomy with double stent and the use of a Griffiths collar button. METHOD: A prospective, single surgeon, uncontrolled, interventional case series study was designed to include 112 patients with nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Endoscopic radiofrequency-assisted dacryocystorhinostomy (ERA-DCR) with insertion of a Griffiths collar button was done on 102 patients with unilateral nasolacrimal duct obstruction and 10 patients with bilateral nasolacrimal duct obstruction. The operation was defined as a success if: a) preoperative epiphora was resolved; b) nasolacrimal patency was achieved as confirmed by lacrimal irrigation as well as by endoscopic observation of fluorescein dye flowing through the surgical ostium on lacrimal irrigation. RESULTS: A total of 122 ERA-DCR procedures was done, of which 117 procedures involved cases of primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO) and five procedures involved cases of previously failed endonasal DCR. Two failures were observed in this study out of the 117 procedures done on PANDO cases. The success rate is computed at 98% (115/117). The postoperative follow-up period was 28.08 +/- 14.7 months. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic radiofrequency-assisted dacryocystorhinostomy with double stent and the use of a Griffiths collar button shows a success rate of 98% in the long-term patency of the intranasal ostium.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Septomaxilla of nonmammalian synapsids: soft-tissue correlates and a new functional interpretation. DELETE.

The function of the septomaxilla of nonmammalian synapsids has long been problematic. Distinctive features of this bone, including a prominent intranarial process and a septomaxillary canal and foramen, are characteristic of pelycosaurs and nonmammalian therapsids, but are lost in their mammalian descendants. Numerous contradictory reconstructions have been proposed for the soft anatomy associated with the septomaxilla of nonmammalian synapsids. This review supports the following conclusions: 1) No particular correlation exists between the septomaxilla and the vomeronasal organ (VNO), and the most likely location for the VNO is on the dorsal surface of the palatal process of the vomer; 2) The most likely occupant of the septomaxillary canal is the nasolacrimal duct, which opened either anterior or medial to the intranarial process, near the opening of the VNO duct; and 3) The occupant of the septomaxillary foramen remains uncertain. These conclusions suggest that the functional significance of the septomaxilla in the nonmammalian synapsids is tied to that of the nasolacrimal duct. The association of this duct and the VNO in these animals resembles the condition in Recent amphibians and lepidosaurs, in which the nasolacrimal duct supplies orbital fluids to the VNO, apparently to enhance vomeronasal function. The peculiar shape of the synapsid septomaxilla may have served to collect vomeronasal odor molecules. The changes of the septomaxilla in early mammals, and its nearly complete loss in extant mammals, are probably correlated with a dissociation of the nasolacrimal duct and VNO, and functional changes in both structures.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Nasolacrimal obstruction after inferior meatus nasal antrostomy.

Transient epiphora following rhinoplasty or intranasal procedures is a common occurrence. Permanent nasolacrimal duct obstruction, however, is rare. This article documents four cases of nasolacrimal duct obstruction following intranasal antrostomy. Three patients were cured by dacryocystorhinostomy and a fourth refused surgery. The anatomy of the nasolacrimal duct in the inferior meatus has considerable variation. Although the duct typically opens in the inferior meatus immediately under the insertion of the inferior turbinate, the orifice can be a single hole, a slit, multiple holes, or a trough, and can be located anywhere from 30 to 40 mm dorsal to the anterior nares. We review the embryology and anatomy of the nasolacrimal orifice in the nose and make recommendations for safe surgery in the inferior meatus.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Glandular tumors of the lacrimal sac. Their histopathologic patterns and possible origins.

PURPOSE: To describe and characterize the primary lacrimal sac epithelial tumors of glandular origin, and to describe their possible source from glands in the lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct walls. METHODS: The authors conducted a clinicopathologic study on 14 patients with epithelial lacrimal sac tumors of possible glandular origin. In addition, they reviewed 35 surgical specimens of the lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct region and 13 cadaver specimens of the lacrimal sac region. RESULTS: Six of the tumors were benign: four were oncocytomas and two were pleomorphic adenomas. Eight of the tumors were malignant: three were oncocytic adenocarcinomas, three were adenoid cystic carcinomas, and two were adenocarcinomas. All tumors were from adults, ranging in age from 38 to 87 years. Twenty-eight of the 47 specimens of lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct region showed mixed glands of serous and mucous elements. CONCLUSIONS: Although rare, benign and malignant glandular lacrimal sac tumors should be considered in the differential diagnosis of lacrimal sac obstruction. Their possible origin is from the normal glands that exist under the lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct epithelium.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lacrimal excretory system sequelae in patients treated for leishmaniasis.

UNLABELLED: Leishmaniasis infection may involve destruction of nasal tissues resulting in lacrimal drainage system alteration. PURPOSE: To evaluate the frequency of lacrimal excretory system sequelae in patients treated for leishmaniasis. METHODS: Forty-five leishmaniasis-treated patients (90 nasolacrimal ducts) were submitted to lacrimal excretory system evaluation. All were evaluated by Jones I test and when it was abnormal, dacryocystography and nasal endoscopy were performed. This situation occurred in 13 patients (26 nasolacrimal ducts). RESULTS: The majority of evaluated patients had the cutaneous form (64.4%) of leishmaniasis, however, 69.23% of the patients with lacrimal excretory system alterations had the mucocutaneous form of infection before treatment. In these, the most common alteration detected was bilateral permeable and dilated nasolacrimal ducts (92.30%). Only 3.84% (1/26) of the evaluated nasolacrimal ducts were obstructed. Nasal endoscopy showed turbinate hypertrophy (53.84%), septum deviation (53.84%) and nasal septum perforation (23.07%). CONCLUSION: Permeable and dilated lacrimal excretory system were the most common sequelae related to leishmaniasis infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[MRI dacryocystography after applying gadolinium-containing eyedrops].

PURPOSE: To determine the efficacy of MRI for the lacrimal drainage system after conjunctival application of gadolinium-DTPA solution. MATERIAL AND METHODS: MRI dacryocystography of 32 nasolacrimal duct systems was performed in 16 patients additional to digital subtraction dacryocystography. The gadolinium solution was prepared by diluting the commercially available gadolinium-DTPA (Magnevist, Schering AG, Berlin) 1:10 in sterile saline solution. 3 x 2 drops of this contrast medium were instilled bilaterally immediately before MRI scanning. RESULTS: MRI dacryocystography provided detailed information on the nasolacrimal duct system in all 32 cases. In 16 cases localisation and functional degree of nasolacrimal duct obstruction or stenosis was determined reliably. In 15 cases normal nasolacrimal duct system showed no contrast enhancement. In one case stenosis of the canaliculus was observed. CONCLUSION: MRI dacryocystography provides detailed morphological soft tissue information of the lacrimal drainage system. Local conjunctival application of gadolinium solution allows functional tests of the lacrimal duct system in patients suffering from epiphora.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Common ocular problems in children: conjunctivitis and tear duct obstructions.

Conjunctivitis, both in the newborn period and later, and nasolacrimal duct obstructions are common ocular problems facing all pediatricians. Conjunctivitis in childhood is separated into ophthalmia neonatorum and conjunctivitis at a later time. Gonococcus and chlamydia are the organisms causing the most concern in the neonatal period. Later, the diversity of causes becomes greater, but the consequences are smaller except for herpes simplex keratoconjunctivitis. Nasolacrimal duct obstructions are common in the first few months of life with most patients clearing spontaneously. Management is aimed at controlling symptoms until spontaneous resolution occurs or until the lacrimal system is probed.

Child↗
PubMed2000

[Analysis of the efficacy of early probing in the treatment of symptomatic congenital lacrimal duct obstruction in infants. Apropos of 92 cases].

INTRODUCTION: Nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) is a common clinical problem (5 to 6% of newborns). Dacryostenosis is a partial or complete block in the nasolacrimal duct. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The records of 68 patients (92 cases) of NLDO with/without mucocele were reviewed. The probing was performed early and according to the same technique. RESULTS: The age at the time of probing ranged from 0 to 7 months (mean 4.6 months). The cure rate was 91.3% and the failure rate was 8.70%. DISCUSSION: Our results are consistent with other reports in the literature. The cure rate was higher with a earlier probing and was good after a second tentative of probing. A multiple obstruction of nasolacrimal system was cause of a failure. This was not the case with mucocele. The optimal timing of the probing is discussed in this report and we preferred to perform the probing to 4 at 6 months. CONCLUSION: We showed a high cure rate with early probing in our series. These results should be confirmed by a prospective randomised study (in process in our institution).

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance dacryocystography in patients with epiphora.

PURPOSE: Digital subtraction dacryocystography (DS-DCG) is considered the "gold standard" in the assessment of the nasolacrimal duct system but fails to delineate the soft tissue structures that surround the lacrimal drainage apparatus. The goal of this study was to compare high resolution MR surface coil imaging with DS-DCG to determine the value of gadolinium-enhanced MR dacryocystography (MR-DCG) in patients with epiphora. METHOD: We performed bilateral MR-DCG and unilateral DS-DCG in 11 patients (aged 3-70 years) with epiphora using Gd-DTPA-containing eyedrops (Magnevist; 78.63 mg of Gd/ml diluted in a sterile 0.9% NaCl solution 1:100) and a water-soluble contrast medium (Omnipaque; 677 mg of Iohexol/ml). Radiographic and MR findings were separated and reviewed by two radiologists who were blinded to patients' names and histories. Afterwards, the passage of the contrast material was compared in the two procedures. The gold standard was defined as the distal-most point of the contrast material identified on either study. RESULTS: Obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct system was diagnosed with a sensitivity of 100% with both MR-DCG and DS-DCG. With MR-DCG, the two readers correctly diagnosed the location of an obstruction in 67 and 89% and with DS-DCG in 56 and 67%. With MR-DCG, contrast material was traced further distally than with DS-DCG in three patients. DS-DCG was superior in only one case in which MR-DCG failed to delineate fistulas distal to the nasolacrimal sac. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that MR-DCG is suitable for assessing drainage problems of the nasolacrimal duct system, giving additional information concerning the surrounding soft tissue structures. Further studies are required to show whether MR-DCG can replace DS-DCG as the gold standard in the assessment of the nasolacrimal duct system.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development and congenital abnormalities of the nasolacrimal apparatus.

The development of the nasolacrimal apparatus was reassessed based on the examination of serial sections done in 27 (54 orbits) embryos and fetuses ranging in size from 13.6 mm to term. In addition two adult specimens were examined. The entire nasolacrimal apparatus viz. canaliculi, lacrimal sac, and nasolacrimal duct develop contemporaneously. Canalization thereafter occurs throughout its length at the same time. The epithelium which lines the nasolacrimal apparatus abuts against the conjunctival epithelium superiorly in relationship to the puncta and the nasal mucosa at the opening of the nasolacrimal duct. These gossamer-like membranes perforate at term or soon thereafter. With the development of the face, the maxillary process grows medially to abut against, and then to override, the paraxial mesoderm of the nasolacrimal process. The nasooptic fissure is thus formed between these two mesodermal complexes. The surface ectoderm within the fissure thickens in a cord-like fashion and this is the analaga of the nasolacrimal apparatus. There is divergence of opinion as to the subsequent development of tear drainage system. A cord of epithelial cells forms from the nasal cavity and grows cephalad to become continuous with the main cord of buried surface ectoderm (Figure 1). It has been contended by Duke-Elder that the main epithelial cord then sends extensions laterally to form the superior and the inferior canaliculi. The inferior canaliculus extends more laterally than the superior canaliculus. At 3 months' development, canalization of the nasolacrimal apparatus is purported to occur in a segmental manner. These cavities then coalesce in a haphazard manner, finally forming a continuous tube. It is also suggested that the main core of buried epithelium canalizes from cephal caudalwards and that the epithelium arising from the nasal cavity canalizes in a reverse direction. The lacrimal sac then expands: the canaliculi canalize and the final section of the nasolacrimal duct to become patent is the opening into the inferior meatus of the nose below the inferior meatus of the nose below the inferior turbinate.U

Humans↗
PubMed2000

[Site of a polyurethane stent in dacryocystography. Is postoperative success hereby predictable?].

BACKGROUND: Despite new methods for treating complete stenosis of the nasolacrimal duct dacryocystorhinostomy remains the standard operation. Implanting a nasolacrimal polyurethane stent through the nasolacrimal duct to preserve the natural lacrimal pathway seems to offer alternative procedure with similar success rate and without skin incision and general anesthesia. We examined whether an anatomically correct position increases its success rates. METHODS: This prospective study included 40 patients (mean age 57 years). The polyurethane stent was implanted during dacryocystography, and its position was checked at follow-up visits after 6 months. In the event of an additional canalicular stenosis a 45-mm-long stent was implanted, in the other patients a 35-mm-long stent. RESULTS: A dacryocystographically correct position was found in only 21 of 40 patients; in the other 19 the stent did not enter the nose under the inferior concha. However, there was no correlation between correct position under the inferior concha and success rate. In 8 of the 40 patients the stent was not patent. CONCLUSION: The postoperative success rate cannot be predicted by the radiographic position along the ductus nasolacrimalis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intranasal laser-assisted dacryocystorhinostomy with the use of a surgical microscope.

PURPOSE: Obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct is a serious chronic condition, treatment for which has not yet been successfully resolved. Several methods have been proposed for the management of chronic epiphora. A modified method of intranasal laser-assisted dacryocystorhinostomy with the use of a surgical microscope is described. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The procedure is a modification to the West and Veis-Claus-Guttich method. The primary and late results of this method are presented for 53 patients over the past 7 years with chronic epiphora caused by stenosis of the nasolacrimal duct. Selection criteria included chronic epiphora, nasolacrimal duct stenosis due to Down syndrome, empyema of the lacrimal sac, and recurrence from previous operations. Patients were operated on under general anesthesia. RESULTS: Fifty-one patients (96.3%) were free of symptoms postoperatively (mean follow-up time, 6 months). CONCLUSION: The simplicity of this method compared with traditional methods is correlated with excellent postoperative results and patient satisfaction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Pseudonasolacrimal duct obstruction caused by nasal allergy.

While mechanical obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct is the most common cause of acquired unilateral epiphora, it is not the only one. Of the 94 patients evaluated with this symptom, 22 cases (23%) were caused by primary nasal changes in the form of nasal allergy. Many of the characteristic findings of mechanical obstruction were present. Several patients had previous nasolacrimal duct surgery, which failed to eliminate the epiphora. Nasal allergy was not initially considered either by previous examiners or the patients themselves, because of the absence of typical allergic symptoms. All of these patients, however, obtained relief from their unilateral tearing with treatment directed toward the nasal pathology only. Oral sympathomimetics and antihistamines were the most effective. Two patients improved with primary nasal surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Secondary dye testing of the lacrimal system.

Using the Olympus PF-22 angioscope to examine the inferior meatus during secondary dye testing of the lacrimal system, I evaluated the efficacy of the secondary dye test to localize partial or functional obstruction of the upper or lower lacrimal excretory system. Secondary dye testing was positive (dye present in the nose) in 12 of 13 lacrimal systems (92%) with functional nasolacrimal duct obstruction, in 7 of 8 (89%) with involutional ectropion, and in 4 of 5 (80%) with facial nerve palsy. Secondary dye testing was negative in the 1 lacrimal system with canalicular stenosis and in 5 of the 6 (83%) with punctal stenosis. Secondary dye testing is helpful in differentiating punctal or canalicular stenosis from functional nasolacrimal duct obstruction; however, it cannot help differentiate ectropion or facial nerve palsy from functional nasolacrimal duct obstruction.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Evaluation of polyurethane stent implantation for the treatment of complete obstruction of the nasolacrimal system: 8-month follow-up and complications].

UNLABELLED: Dacryocystorhinostomy is still the standard procedure complete stenosis of the nasolacrimal duct. New methods try to preserve the natural lacrimal pathway. Song implanted in 1995 a nasolacrimal polyurethane stent through the nasolacrimal duct. The results and complications of this new method are described in this prospective study. METHODS: Thirty consecutive patients with complete obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct or lacrimal sac were included in the study. The stenosis was localized by dacryocystography. The ages ranged from 22 to 87 years (mean, 58.9 +/- 16 years). Dacryocystography was performed immediately, 4 weeks and 8 months after the procedure to verify the position and patency of the stent. RESULTS: Twenty-five short (35 mm) and 5 long (45 mm) stents were implanted. Twenty-four of 30 patients after 4 weeks and 9 of 10 patients after 8 months had reduced or no complaints. In 1 patient the stent was obstructed. Forceful irrigation with saline solution permitted recanalization. In 1 patient the stent had moved into the upper canaliculus. Because of irritation of the canaliculus it had to be pulled out after 2 months. CONCLUSION: The follow-up is still too short to recommend stent implantation as a real alternative to dacryocystorhinostomy. The main advantages are that the procedure is faster, no incision is necessary, and the local anesthesia is easier. The disadvantage is the need for X-ray examination.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Enlargement of the nasolacrimal canal in the absence of neoplasia.

BACKGROUND: Asymmetrical enlargement of the nasolacrimal canal and nasolacrimal duct in the absence of associated neoplasm in uncommon. A dilemma in proper management in encountered because the subject is not well discussed in the medical literature. DESIGN: Case series. PARTICIPANTS: Three patients with abnormal enlargement of the nasolacrimal canal on computed tomography (CT) are analyzed. Two patients had a history of intermittent acquired dacryocystocele, whereas one had no associated lacrimal disorder. INTERVENTION: To relieve their obstructive symptoms, one patient was treated with lacrimal probing and silicone intubation, and the other patient was treated with dacryocystorhinostomy. The third patient, who was asymptomatic, elected observation alone. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Anteroposterior diameters of the nasolacrimal canal were measured from the CT scans of these cases and compared with normative data derived from radiologic and anatomic studies. RESULTS: The maximal anteroposterior diameters of the nasolacrimal canals from these patients were 12.5, 15.4, and 15.1 mm, all well above the upper range of normal (8-10 mm). These enlarged nasolacrimal canals were not associated with any neoplastic process. Follow-up CT scans showed no change in size of the nasolacrimal canal. CONCLUSION: Nasolacrimal canal enlargement may occur without neoplasia of the lacrimal sac or nasolacrimal duct. In the absence of other features suggestive of neoplasia, appropriate management is aimed at treatment of lacrimal obstructive symptoms, if present, and serial CT scans. Open biopsy of the nasolacrimal duct is not necessary in asymptomatic patients with stable CT findings.

Adult↗