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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Transformation of an acetaminophen toxicity nomogram to an artificial neural network.

A computerized artificial neural network was built based on the Rumack-Matthew nomogram for treatment of acetaminophen toxicity. NeuralWorks Predict 1.0 was used to build the network. The training set consisted of two input parameters, plasma concentration (microg/ml) and time of ingestion, and an output. The output was a binary unit representing the recommended use of N-acetylcysteine for the prevention of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. The predictions made by the neural network correlated well with the expected values (95%). Since these networks can be modified with additional data, the present network may be useful for optimizing the use of N-acetylcysteine for the prevention of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1999

Naive Bayesian-based nomogram for prediction of prostate cancer recurrence.

This paper introduces a schema with naive-Bayesian classifier and patient weighting technique to develop a prostate cancer recurrence prediction model from patient data. We propose the graphical presentation of naive-Bayesian classifier with a nomogram, which can be used both for prediction or can provide means to data analysis. The resulting model was experimentally evaluated; the results were favorable both in terms of interpretability and predictive accuracy.

Bayes Theorem↗
PubMed1976

Nomograms for obtaining a necessary, minimum sample size. I. When distribution of data is normal.

Four different nomograms were devised to obtain a necessary, minimum sample size at a 95% confidence rate when data were distributed normally. They corresponded to four different cases, the population of which was either infinite or finite and the permitted error of which was either mu--m or mu--m/s, where mu was population mean, m sample mean and s sample standard deviation. They could also be used for obtaining the confidence limits of the population mean from the data after having carried out a work.

Sampling Studies↗
PubMed1992

[Rectal temperature-time of death nomogram: dependence of corrective factors of body weight in significant thermal insulating conditions].

98 test coolings were made under various cooling conditions (moving air, two types of both clothing and covering) on dummies of real masses of 1, 3.3, 9.9, 24.5 and 33.4 kg resp. which cool under standard conditions (unclothed, uncovered, still air) like human bodies of 14, 33, 41, 83 and 104 kg resp. The results provide evidence on a nonlinear dependence of corrective factors of body weight upon the body weight. The dynamics of the dependence increases with the thickness of thermic isolation. Transferred to the use of the nomogram method on bodies, cooling conditions requiring corrective factors known by experience between 0.75 (moving air) and 1.3 (rather thin clothing/covering) can be used as in the past independent on the body weight. Only in higher corrective factors for thicker clothing/covering according to experience the dependence of corrective factors on the body weight must be taken into account in bodies of a very high or low body weight. Beside a simplified table a formula for computing is also given for that purpose.

Body Temperature Regulation↗
PubMed2004

The Use of Nomograms for Selecting BPH Candidates for Dutasteride Therapy.

Recent studies have discussed the benefits of medical therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), but have not provided physicians with the necessary tools needed to translate the information into individualized, evidence-based recommendations for clinically important questions. Nomograms can help physicians individualize their treatment decisions and predict a likely outcome by assessing the key risk factors for BPH progression.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1991

Importance of locally derived birth weight nomograms.

Significant differences exist between the published nomograms of birth weight for gestational age. Differences in demographics, altitude above sea level and study methodology have all been implicated. A three-year experience of uncomplicated singleton gestations (N = 14,766) was analyzed for birth weight and gestational age. The mean, 10th percentile and their 95% confidence intervals were compared to Brenner's data and a pooled sample from other studies in this country. The mean birth weights were significantly higher than Brenner's after 32 weeks' gestation and higher than the pooled mean after 35. The 10th percentiles were significantly greater than Brenner's after 36 weeks' gestation. Approximately 66% of neonates at risk, below our 10th percentile, would not be identified with Brenner's criteria. We agree with Goldenberg that uniform criteria for the definition of the normal population are important in identifying aberrant growth. However, birth weight standards should be developed for the specific population in question.

Altitude↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Nomograms for calculating the degree of urine saturation with lithogenic compounds].

Studies with computed calculation of an equilibrium chemical composition (57 particles) and saturation of urine according to 12 compounds which are components of uroliths, showed that to appraise the risk of lithogenesis, orientation on the saturation of uric acid with calcium oxalate and hydroxyapatite is sufficient in most cases. An index of the degree of urine saturation is suggested, its physical meaning corresponds to the ratio of the amount of the dissolved lithogenic compound to its threshold solubility at the given temperature, which makes it possible to compare the saturation with compounds differing in the stoichiometric coefficient. Nomograms have been elaborated to reduce the volume of analytic studies and simplify the calculations. They take into account the revealed relation between the degree of saturation for each compound and 3-4 principal physicochemical urine parameters. The supersaturation thresholds are determined, when these are exceeded, the risk of lithogenesis can be predicted with a probability of no less than 0.8.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1990

[Diagnosis of the diabetic metabolic status using fructosamine (and HbA1c) determination. The glycation quotient Glyc-Q, the glycation nomogram].

The determination of fructosamine in serum is an accepted tool for the metabolic monitoring of diabetic patients. It provides an estimation of the glycemia state during the preceding 10 to 20 days. The turn-over of serum proteins is in general faster than that of hemoglobin. Therefore, fructosamine is faster responding than HbA1c to recompensation or fluctuations in glycemic control as observed in labile metabolic situations. On the other hand, under conditions of stable metabolic control fructosamine values correlate closely to HbA1c. The relation between the two parameters can be visualized in a nomogram of HbA1c, fructosamine and glucose or be expressed by a quotient (Glyc-Q = Fructosamine*2.2/HbA1c). A deviation from the stable metabolic situation (Glyc-Q = 100) reflects a trend in the recent development of glycemia: a Glyc-Q of greater than 120 is obtained in the state of decompensation, whereas in recompensation the Glyc-Q decreases significantly to values below 80. We propose to use the Glyc-Q in situations where a fast assessment of the glycemic state or an estimation of the development of glycemia within short intervals of observation are required.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1990

Nomograms for rapid estimation of intravascular intrauterine exchange transfusion.

Fetal exchange transfusion is complicated by the fact that vascular access must be maintained while the number of exchanges needed to achieve a desired post-transfusion hematocrit is calculated. A rapid method for estimating the number of exchange transfusions would greatly simplify fetal exchange transfusion for blood group isoimmunization. In this report, we present a graphic method for determining the number of exchange transfusions necessary to achieve a post-transfusion hematocrit of 45%, using a nomogram for 5- and 10-mL exchange transfusion volumes.

Blood Transfusion, Intrauterine↗
PubMed1989

[A nomogram of vestibular pendular stimulation in guinea pigs].

Vestibular pendular test was performed in 20 guinea pigs of various sexes and weights 250-300 g. The total sum of deviations on the right and on the left was 105-164. According to the standard deviation we have accepted the minimal norm 94 and maximal 183. Taking into consideration this norm we have elaborated the nomogram for the quantitative reaction to pendular excitation. There were 6 positions from 0.7 to 1.2 deviations for sec. and total sum from 94 to 183. The results in guinea pigs were in contrast with those in men. The guinea pig vestibular organ is more susceptible for high-rate excitation (17-12 degrees/sec2) and of minor susceptibility in lower rate of acceleration (12-0 degrees/sec2).

Acceleration↗
PubMed1988

A simple nomogram for the derivation of international normalised ratios for the standardisation of prothrombin times.

The WHO international scale of reporting prothrombin time results is based on the calibration of local and commercial thromboplastin reagents used in the test against an international reference preparation to derive an International Sensitivity Index (ISI) for each batch of local reagent. This quantifies an individual reagent's responsiveness to the coumarin induced defect. Once the ISI has been assigned, the derivation of International Normalised Ratios (INR) for reporting results depends on the use of a scientific calculator by which the local ratio is raised to the power of the ISI of the local reagent or use of an alternative formula and logarithms. A system for interpretation of INR, without the need for calculations, is presented for the known range of thromboplastins between 1.0 and 3.0 ISI in nomogram form. This chart may facilitate the general application of the INR system.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Deciding the optimum interval between specimen collections: theory and nomograms.

The time interval between collection of specimens from an individual patient is usually determined empirically. For analytes whose values decline according to first-order kinetics--for example, enzyme activities in serum after an acute myocardial infarction, tumor markers in serum after excision of the tumor, and drugs in serum after an overdose--the minimum time between collections (delta T) depends on the elimination half-life (t) and the analytical precision (CVA), according to the equation: delta T = (1/log2) X t X log (2.33 CVA/100 + 1). Nomograms showing this relationship graphically have been generated.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1979

Method of measuring aqueous humor flow and corneal endothelial permeability using a fluorophotometry nomogram.

A new method of measuring aqueous humor flow and corneal endothelial permeability to fluorescein using a fluorophotometry nomogram is described. This method is compared to four other methods, two of which have been described previously. All five methods were carried out simultaneously in a group of 20 normal human subjects. All methods give closely comparable results in most of the eyes tested. A tabular comparison of the results of the nomographic method and the published results of other investigators, which are in good agreement, is given. The relative advantages and disadvantages of the nomographic technique are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Quantification (by nomograms) of physiopathological parameters in an experimental model of passive anaphylaxis caused by immune complexes].

Pharmacological changes in a model of passive anaphylaxis by immune complexes in mice have been studied. The results have been evaluated by nomograms to overcome the difficulties observed when using classical criteria as 50% lethal dosis or 50% infective dosis in experimental models which do not allow serial dilutions of the reagents. Mean lethal time, maximal pathogenic capacity and relative survival time can be easily determined, allowing the comparison of the immunopharmacologic protection for each administration schedule. By these criteria, we have observed a different degree of anaphylactic reaction depending on the genetic background of the hosts as well as a protection against anaphylactic shock using the antiserotoninic cyproheptadine and, to a lesser extent, by the platelet antiaggregant ticlopidine.

Anaphylaxis↗