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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Oral manifestations of the chronic graft-v-host reaction.

The graft-v-host reaction (GVHR), a major complication of bone marrow transplantation, is a complex immunologic phenomenon with a diverse and often confounding presentation. After reviewing major systemic manifestations, this report details the clinical and pathological oral findings of chronic GVHR. The reaction is characterized clinically by a mucosal lichenoid keratosis. Pathological findings resemble mucosal lichen planus, and minor salivary gland show lesions similar to those of Sjögren's syndrome. These oral findings are potentially valuable in the early recognition and follow-up of chronic GVHR. The differential diagnosis includes viral infections and chemotherapeutic drug toxicity, but these can usually be eliminated from consideration by viral cultures and temporal correlation of symptoms, respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Oral manifestations of patients with lupus erythematosus.

Lupus erythematosus manifests as cutaneous variants, such as discoid lupus erythematosus or systemic lupus erythematosus. Systemic lupus erythematosus is a multisystem autoimmune disease characterized by general autoantibody production and a wide range of mucocutaneous, renal, neuropsychiatric, cardiovascular, infectious, and hematologic manifestations. This article discusses the prevalence of and considerations for oral mucosal lesions in lupus erythematosus and the impact of the various disease manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus on dental management.

Female↗
PubMed1992

[Oral lichen planus and liver pathology. II. The clinico-statistical correlations between oral manifestations and liver damage].

To characterize with more precision the association between oral lichen planus (OLP) and hepatopathies, 96 patients with OLP were separated in two groups ordered by presence or absence of liver diseases comparing some variables (age, sex, presence of pain, clinical variety, presence of skin lesions, alcohol consumption and exposure to drugs inducing hepatic injury) and evaluating the statistical significance. Factors associated with increased frequency of liver diseases were erosive variety of OLP (p = 0.024) and presence of pain (p = 0.026) (chi square test with Yates correction). It's confirmed that OLP patients with higher risk of liver disease are those that have erosive lesions with severe symptoms and often diffused in the entire oral cavity; furthermore, it's highlighted that the probability to find liver disease associated with reticular and plaque-like form of OLP is low, but not negligible.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Oral manifestations of langerhans cell histiocytosis in a pediatric population: a clinical and histological study of 8 patients.

Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis is a rare and protean disease of unknown etiology, clinically characterized by single or multiple osteolytic and/or soft tissue lesions. Oral involvement may predate systemic manifestations or mimic infectious/inflammatory disorders. In the present series, oral involvement characterized eight cases of pediatric Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis and oral symptoms represented a very early sign of this disease in four patients. A careful clinical investigation and a proper histologic analysis were required for achieving a definite diagnosis and for confirming clinical suspicion of disease relapse. Immunohistochemistry, that nowadays represents a reliable and accessible ancillary histological technique, allowed the definite diagnosis in all cases of our series.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1992

Oral manifestations of the HIV-infection: classification problems.

As more than 40 different oral lesions may be associated with the HIV-infection there is a need for classifying these lesions as a tool to be used in epidemiological studies. The paper deals with the classification proposed by the European Community.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1991

[Oral manifestations in diabetes].

As a systemic disease, diabetes mellitus also involves alterations of oral structures as an integral part of the body. A group of 47 diabetics, 34 females and 13 males, mean age 55 years, were included in the study. Mean blood glucose was 12.6 mol/l. Results of clinical studies of oral alterations showed oral symptoms, i.e. xerostomia, to predominate in study subjects, followed by glossopyrosis, stomatopyrosis, gingivitis with hyperkeratosis and exfoliations effecting the tongue and lips. Membranes and ulcerations were less frequent in the group of diabetics under study. Along with the occurrence of metabolic and hormonal disturbances, cardiovascular diseases occupy the first place, followed by locomotor, gastrointestinal, respiratory and renal disturbances.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Oral manifestations and dental treatment in menopause.

Menopause is a physiological process typically occurring in the fifth decade of life in women, and involving permanent cessation of menstruation. Menopause is the consequence of hormonal changes that produce a series of general manifestations that have become increasingly important as a result of the increased female life expectancy in the industrialized world; indeed, such manifestations are observed throughout the last third of the female lifetime. However, oral symptoms are also found in addition to the more general manifestations of menopause (i.e., hot flush and psychological alterations). In this sense, an increased incidence is observed of dry mouth (xerostomia), disorders such as lichen planus, benign pemphigoid, Sjogren's syndrome and burning mouth syndrome, as well as a debated rise in the prevalence of periodontal disease. The dental treatment of such patients involves a series of particularities that should be taken into account, including the use of salivary secretion stimulators or saliva substitutes in cases of hyposialosis. Nevertheless, correct prevention, with good control of bacterial plaque, contributes to reduce the risk of many infections within the oral cavity.

Dental Care↗
PubMed2002

Oral manifestations of acute myelomonocytic leukemia: a case report and review of the classification of leukemias.

BACKGROUND: Oral signs and symptoms may indicate a serious underlying systemic disease. The most frequently observed oral findings of leukemia are mucosal bleeding and ulceration, petechiae, and gingival hyperplasia. This case report describes a 53-year-old male who presented with gingival enlargement and bleeding, fatigue, and recent weight loss as initial manifestations of acute myelomonocytic leukemia. METHODS: A gingival biopsy was performed, revealing the presence of a hypercellular infiltrate of atypical myeloid and monocytic cells. Further work-up consisted of a complete blood count, bone marrow biopsy, and immunohistochemical and histochemical analysis of biopsy material and flow cytometry of peripheral blood. RESULTS: Flow cytometry results confirmed that the infiltrate was of a myelomonocytic origin, and a diagnosis of acute myelomonocytic leukemia was rendered. The patient responded well to a chemotherapeutic induction regimen of cytosine arabinoside and idarubicin hydrochloride, with regression of gingival enlargement and remission of disease. The patient continued with consolidation chemotherapy and an autologous bone marrow transplant, but eventually died 22 months after initial diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Oral health care professionals, especially periodontists, must recognize that gingival enlargement may represent an initial manifestation of an underlying systemic disease. Acute myelogenous leukemia is a hematological disorder with a predilection for gingival involvement.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Oral manifestations in AIDS or HIV infection. Bibliographic update].

AIDS is a systemic infection that in many steps of its evolution presents various oral lesions and clinical conditions. This fact raises a problem for the dentist who are working on heterogeneous populations of healthy and infected people as well as on AIDS patients: to receive a continuous update about the disease. Apart from the risks of exposure inherent to his personal relation with HIV-infected or AIDS patients, the dentist is one of the health careworkers who must and ought recognize the oral signs of the disease when they appear in the mouth. For this reason this paper describes recent data on oral findings in AIDS: fungal, viral and bacterial infections, neoplasms and other manifestations of unknown or rare etiology. The most precocious clinical or pathological characteristics of these oral diseases suggesting HIV-infection or its results, are also stressed when described. Some doubts are possessed here about the meaning of outstanding oral AIDS lesions as "hairy leukoplakia". On the other way diagnostic methods which can help to recognize this lesion are also commented.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2001

HIV-related oral manifestations among adolescents in a multicenter cohort study.

PURPOSE: To describe baseline prevalence of oral mucosal diseases among HIV infected adolescents in relationship to biological and behavioral risk factors. METHODS: Participants in Reaching for Excellence in Adolescent Care and Health (REACH), a multicenter longitudinal observational study of HIV/AIDS in adolescents, received physical examinations, blood tests, and oral examinations at 3-month intervals. We evaluated participants for oral conditions commonly seen in relationship to HIV, and explored the association of the most common lesion with selected biological and behavioral variables at baseline using contingency tables and Fisher's Exact test. RESULTS: Among 294 HIV infected adolescents recruited between March 1996 and March 1999, the majority were female (75%), aged 17 to 18 years (69%), and African-American (73%). More than 90% had a CD4(+) T-lymphocyte count > 200 cells/mm(3) at baseline and 57% had a plasma HIV-1 RNA concentration <or=5000 copies/mL. The most common condition was oral candidiasis (6%), predominantly the pseudomembranous type. The only variable found to be associated with oral candidiasis was elevated plasma HIV-1 RNA concentration (p = .03). Aside from 2 cases of hairy leukoplakia and aphthous ulcers, no other oral mucosal lesions were identified in this subject population with apparently early HIV disease. CONCLUSION: Similar types of oral lesions were observed in HIV infected adolescents as have been seen in adults, although the prevalence of these lesions was low. Elevated plasma HIV-1 RNA concentration was found to be associated with the baseline prevalence of oral candidiasis, and appeared to be a better predictor of HIV-related oral disease than CD4(+) T cell count in this cohort at early stage of HIV disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Sentinels and signposts: the epidemiology and significance of the oral manifestations of HIV disease.

A large number of studies attest to the frequency of oral disease in those with HIV infection. Most show that hairy leukoplakia and pseudomembranous candidiasis are the commonest lesions in those with HIV infection and AIDS, with higher prevalence and incidence rates correlating with falling CD4 counts and disease progression. HIV-infected individuals with oral candidiasis or hairy leukoplakia progress to AIDS more rapidly than matched controls without these lesions. Oral candidiasis and hairy leukoplakia increase with time since seroconversion. On the other hand, parotid enlargement in children appears to be associated with slower progression to AIDS. As a consequence of these and other observations, oral lesions are widely included in natural history studies, staging and classification schemes for HIV infection. In addition to their role in the diagnosis of HIV infection and as indicators of the progression of HIV disease, oral lesions are used as clinical correlates of CD4 counts and as criteria for entry into clinical trials.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1997

Oral manifestations in 70 German HIV-infected women.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of oral lesions in HIV-infected women, and to determine the association of oral lesions with the level of immunosuppression and the route of transmission. PATIENTS: In a retrospective, cross-sectional study, a cohort of 70 HIV-infected women (median age: 32.5 y; median CD4(+)-cell count 262 per microliter) comprising 18% of all HIV-infected individuals (n = 389) was selected in an outpatient clinic. Oral lesions strongly associated with HIV-infection were evaluated. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of oral lesions was 27/70 (39%). Among HIV-infected women with CD4(+)-cell counts < 200 per microliter, the prevalence was 65% (19/29); and with counts > 200 per microliter, the prevalence was 27% (11/41). The prevalence of candidiasis and hairy leukoplakia was similar among those infected heterosexually or by intravenous drug use. CONCLUSIONS: As reported in men, these findings demonstrate that oral lesions are common in HIV-infected women. Candidiasis is more likely to occur at low CD4(+)-cell counts, whereas no difference was seen regarding the level of immunosuppression and hairy leukoplakia. Interestingly, the route of transmission does not play a role regarding the presence of oral lesions among HIV-infected women.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1993

Oral manifestations of leprosy.

A total of 37 out of 187 patients with leprosy had oral lesions. All were biopsied. Oral lesions were found most frequently in patients with lepromatous leprosy. Prevalence of oral lesions was higher in males than in females (73%:27%). Oral lesions were recorded on the WHO topographical map, and in most cases (92%) several topographical locations were affected, including hard palate in all cases. Topographical locations affected increase with age; males are more extensively affected than females (p = 0.001); and patients with oral lesions who reported affected family members (11 out of 37) had more extensive oral lesions than those who did not. In 27 cases with oral lesions histopathological diagnosis was possible.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: classifications, oral manifestations, and dental considerations.

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is the name given for 6 types of connective tissue disorders. While the prevalence of this disease is small, it is seen on every continent and affects both sexes and all races. The various types of EDS are reviewed with reference given to both the older Berlin nosology and the newer Villefranche nosology. Phenotypes of EDS vary depending upon which type of collagen is altered, leading the practitioner to the diagnosis before biochemical confirmation is obtained. In this regard, because collagen is present throughout the head and neck, oral and maxillofacial manifestations of the disease are discussed and are readily noticeable to the astute dentist. Specialists in several fields of dentistry are made aware of the complications EDS can pose on treatment, healing, and follow-up care.

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome↗