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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources

PubMed1989

Blunt renal and ureteral trauma in childhood: CT patterns of fluid collections.

The CT scans of 25 children with blunt renal and ureteral trauma were analyzed to determine the severity of injury, the appearance of retroperitoneal fluid collections, and whether the extent of these collections correlated with the severity of injury. CT showed renal parenchymal injuries in 23 patients and ureteral injuries in two patients. Retroperitoneal fluid was detected in 19 (76%) of 25 patients. Perirenal fluid collections were present in all 19, periureteral fluid in 12, interfascial fluid in eight, anterior pararenal fluid in four, and psoas hemorrhage in three. The presence of perirenal and periureteral fluid was not a good predictor of the extent of renal injury. Fluid collections in the interfascial or anterior pararenal spaces and psoas muscle appeared to correlate with the severity of injury. Patients with these fluid patterns usually had renal fractures, arterial injuries, or ureteral disruptions. The presence of perirenal and periureteral fluid did not correlate with the extent of renal injury, while the presence of interfascial, anterior pararenal, and psoas muscle fluid correlated somewhat with renal fractures and renal pedicle disruption.

Child↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Pelvic lymph node groups in computed tomography. Topographic atlas].

This atlas was prepared to facilitate the diagnosis of lymph mode enlargement in the pelvic region and to improve topographic diagnosis. Fifty computed tomographies were performed after lymphography using centimetric pelvic slices in order to select eight levels for reference. A statistical analysis was conducted to establish a diagram of the mean number of lymph nodes on the right and left side for each level. A table was established indicating the mean number and standard deviation for each group of nodes for the 8 different levels. In addition, a control slice (chosen among 50) accounts for the morphology of the iliac vessels, of the lymph nodes and psoas muscle most frequently encountered at each level. The distribution of the groups of nodes shows why interpretation can be difficult, particularly at vessel bifucations and confluents. Precise morphology based on effective opacification, especially in the pelvic area, is required for positive and especially topographic diagnosis. Finally, the description of the medial border of the psoas muscle and its close relations with certain groups of lymph nodes can cause some problems because of the similar densities. The atlas is of great help here.

Anatomy, Regional↗

PubMed1987

[A case of primary psoas abscess with paravesical extension].

We report a case of primary psoas abscess with paravesical extension. A 16-year-old man who had suffered from remittent fever for two months was admitted to our clinic. He had no urological symptoms or walking disturbances, but ultrasonography showed a well-defined echoic mass at the right paravesical space. Computed tomography confirmed this finding, and right psoas muscle appeared to be enlarged with irregular low density areas. Percutaneous drainage for right paravesical abscess was performed, and 15 ml of pus was obtained. The bacterial and fungal culture of the specimen resulted in no growth of any organisms. Six days after percutaneous drainage, he received en bloc resection of right paravesical abscess with segmental resection of bladder wall and peritoneum adherent to it. Furthermore, the affected region of the right psoas muscle was salvaged as highly upward as possible. Surgical specimen disclosed, pathologically, a non-specific granuloma with stellate necrosis. This finding suggested a feature of cat-scratch disease, tularemia, lymphogranuloma venereum and Yersinia infection. We reviewed the related literature on diagnostic images such as CT, ultrasonography and 67Ga scintigraphy. Moreover, bacterial causes and therapy of primary psoas abscess are discussed.

Abscess↗

PubMed1986

[A case of leiomyosarcoma of the kidney].

Leiomyosarcoma of the left kidney seen in a 58-year-old man is reported. On April 10, 1982, he complained of left flank pain. He visited our hospital and left solitary renal cyst was suspected. He had been treated as an outpatient, but left flank pain became exacervated. On May 18, he was admitted to our hospital. On June 7, radical nephrectomy was done under the diagnosis of left renal cell carcinoma. At operation, the tumor invased directory to the psoas muscle and abdominal wall, and could not be completely resected. Pathological diagnosis was renal cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid change. On July 1, he was discharged from the hospital. In December, left flank distention appeared and back pain became exacervated. On February 8, 1983, he was readmitted to our hospital. Low density area was found in left psoas muscle by CT scanning and recurrence of renal cell carcinoma was suspected. alpha-Interferon therapy had been done, but tumor increased remarkably and caused ileus. He died on June 14, 1983. The autopsy revealed a child head-sized cystic tumor in the upper retroperitoneal space, a 5 X 5 X 5 cm metastasis of the left lobe of the liver, a 3 X 3 X 4 cm tumor to the left upper lobe with cavity formation and direct invasion into the spleen, diaphragma and gastric serosa. These metastatic lesions were leiomyosarcoma. Retrospectively, the primary tumor of kidney revealed primary leiomyosarcoma of kidney.

Diagnosis, Differential↗

PubMed1995

The site and stoichiometry of the N-phenylmaleimide reaction with myosin when weakly-binding crossbridges are formed in skinned rabbit psoas fibers.

Treatment of relaxed skinned rabbit psoas muscle fibers with 0.1 mM N-phenylmaleimide (NPM) for 1 h locks all of the crossbridges in a weakly-binding state resembling that of the myosin.ATP crossbridge. Under these conditions, NPM reacts mainly with myosin heavy chain (Barnett et al. (1992) Biophys. J. 61, 358-367). Here the specific sites for that reaction are explored. Small bundles of rabbit psoas muscle fibers were treated with Triton X-100 to make the fiber sarcolemmas permeable. The bundles were treated with 0.1 mM [14C]NPM for 1 h, and homogenized for SDS-PAGE. 43 +/- 2.2% of the muscle fiber protein ran in the myosin heavy chain band, the same as for untreated fibers. An alkylating stoichiometry of 2.2 +/- 0.33 moles NPM per mole myosin heavy chain was determined. Exhaustive trypsin digestion followed by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography and reverse-phase HPLC revealed two major sites on myosin heavy chain for NPM binding. The sites contained about the same amount of linked NPM, suggesting that the reaction stoichiometry of each site under the conditions studied is approx. 1 mol NPM/mol myosin heavy chain. Comparison of the labeled tryptic peptides with NPM-reacted synthetic SH1 and SH2 tryptic peptides and analysis of the treated fiber bundles' ATPase activity suggested that the sites for NPM reaction on myosin heavy chain when it locks crossbridges in a weakly-binding state are Cys-697 (SH2) and Cys-707 (SH1).

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Pneumococcal pyomyositis. Case report, review of the literature, and comparison with classic pyomyositis caused by other bacteria.

Pyomyositis is caused by staphylococci in 70% to 90% of patients. We report a case of pneumococcal pyomyositis (PP), review the 11 cases previously published, and compare the features of pneumococcal pyomyositis with those of classic (nonpneumococcal) pyomyositis. Several clinical characteristics have been identified that are notably different in both groups. Psoas muscle involvement was observed in two thirds of the patients with PP, and a source for the infection was identified in half of the patients. Patients with PP were older than those with classic pyomyositis. Men were affected less often than women with PP, but the opposite was the rule in classic pyomyositis. The systemic response to the infection was more prominent in patients infected with pneumococci than from other causes. Most patients with PP were successfully treated with antibiotics and drainage. Secondary meningitis was observed in 3 patients with psoas muscle abscess caused by pneumococci. Mortality is low in pyomyositis regardless of the causative pathogen.

Aged↗

PubMed1999

Determinants of the first decade of bone loss after menopause at spine, hip and radius.

This study documented bone loss at three different sites in the early postmenopausal period, and examined potential predictors. Forty-three women underwent repeated measurements of bone density at the lumbar spine, proximal femur and distal radius for up to 14 years. Individual rates of bone loss were calculated for the spine and hip; for radial trabecular bone, rates were calculated separately for two time periods, earlier and later after menopause. In the spine and radius, initially high rates of loss diminished with time after menopause. No positive correlations for bone loss were found between the three sites, suggesting that faster than average bone loss was specific to individual bones. High body mass index (BMI) was significantly protective against fast bone loss at the spine and radius; in the spine, each unit increase in BMI was associated with a approximately 5% reduction in the rate of bone loss. Of the other variables measured (maximum oxygen consumption, lean body mass, fat mass, mean psoas muscle area at the L3 level, hand grip strength as well as anthropometry) only bone densitometry was sufficiently predictive to help guidance on hormone replacement or other prophylactic therapy. The data suggest that the known relationship between excessive leanness and risk of osteoporosis and vertebral fracture after menopause might in part be due to fast post-menopausal bone loss. Because bulk of psoas muscle was associated with low spine loss rates, the data also support a role for applied muscular loading in local maintenance of bone density.

Adult↗

PubMed1977

Regulation by insulin of amino acid release and protein turnover in the perfused rat hemicorpus.

Net changes in the concentrations of 18 amino acids in perfusate and skeletal muscle were followed during perfusion of hemicorpus preparations from fed rat. Perfusate levels of 16 amino acids showed little change from their initial concentrations during the 1st h, but increased dramatically during the 2nd and 3rd h. Aspartate and glutamate levels decreased continuously throughout the perfusion. Release of alanine and glutamine accounted for approximately 50% of the total change in perfusate amino acids. The increase in perfusate amino acids was derived from net breakdown of muscle proteins and not from leakage from the intracellular pool as evidenced by elevated concentrations of intracellular amino acids in perfused muscle. Addition of insulin to the perfusate did not change the pattern of amino acid release during the 1st h of perfusion. However, during the 2nd and 3rd h the hormone completely prevented the net release of most amino acids and maintained intracellular concentrations of most amino acids at levels found in upperfused tissue. Effects of time of perfusion and insulin on amino acid release were accounted for by changes in the rate of protein turnover. Protein synthesis in gastrocemius and psoas muscles in control perfusions decreased after 1 h to approximately 50% of the initial rate. This decrease was accompanied by a 2-fold increase in the level of ribosomal subunits, indicating development of a block in peptide chain initiation. Addition of insulin maintained the initial rate of synthesis and the in vivo level of ribosomal subunits, demonstrating that the hormone prevented the block in peptide chain initiation from forming. Addition of insulin after 2 h reversed the perfusion-induced block in initiation. Synthesis of the specific muscle protein myosin was increased 45% over the control rate in the presence of insulin. Insulin also produced a 50% decrease in the rate of protein degradation during the 2nd and 3rd h of perfusion. A similar effect was noted when protein synthesis was inhibited by addition of cycloheximide. Higher concentrations of insulin were required to maximally inhibit protein degradation than to increase protein synthesis. Involvement of lysosomal proteases in the effect of insulin on protein degradation was evaluated by measuring cathepsin D activity in psoas muscle homogenates. "Free" enzyme activity increased as a result of perfusion while addition of insulin maintained this activity at the unperfused level. Neither perfusion nor insulin had any effect on total cathepsin D activity. Alterations in protein degradation and lysosomal enzyme activity were not due to changes in levels of adenine nucleotides, GTP, or creatine phosphate.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗

PubMed2000

[Tubercular psoas abscess].

HISTORY AND ADMISSION FINDINGS: A 43-year-old patient suffered from fatigue, nocturnal sweating, rigor and a weight loss of 5 kg over the last 4 weeks. A year before he had been anaemic and he was treated with omeprazole and iron. On admission physical examination was unremarkable, except for the known swelling in the right flank. His general condition was good. INVESTIGATIONS: Computed tomography showed an extensive abscess of the right psoas muscle with deplacement of the right ureter, causing hydronephrosis, and infiltration of the abdominal wall. Cytological and bacteriological tests of the abscess aspirate indicated tuberculosis. TREATMENT AND COURSE: The abscess markedly shrank within 2 months of starting antituberculosis treatment, which was continued for another 4 months. A catheter, which had been inserted into the right ureter to relieve hydronephrosis, was remowed without further complications. CONCLUSION: Because of an increase in the number of immigrants from countries with a high incidence of tuberculosis or HIV infection, extrapulmonary tuberculosis should be included in the differential diagnosis, such as in this case of a psoas muscle abscess. Despite the size of the abscess surgical intervention is rarely required because it will heal under appropriate antituberculosis treatment.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Retroperitoneoscopic nephropexy for symptomatic nephroptosis using a modified three-point fixation technique.

INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopy has been reported as a minimally invasive approach for performing nephropexy in patients with nephroptosis. We evaluated our results after retroperitoneoscopic nephropexy using a modified three-point fixation technique. TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS: Twelve women presenting with flank pain and radiologically documented nephroptosis underwent retroperitoneoscopic nephropexy. After complete dissection of the perirenal fat from the kidney, three nonabsorbable (Ethibond-0) sutures were placed on the posterior renal capsule between the upper pole, middle part, and lower pole of the kidney and the psoas muscle. The average operative time was 91 minutes (range 50 to 180), and the mean estimated blood loss was less than 50 mL in all patients. Postoperative urography revealed complete resolution of nephroptosis in all cases. On a comparative pain analog score patients had 84% improvement (range 0% to 100%). Nine patients had complete resolution of their pain, and two had improvement of 70% to 80%. One patient did not have any improvement. The mean follow-up time was 3.4 years (range 0.5 to 5.5). CONCLUSIONS: Retroperitoneosopic nephropexy with a modified three-point fixation technique of the upper posterior pole, middle part, and lower pole of the kidney to the psoas muscle is a rapid and effective minimally invasive procedure for treating symptomatic nephroptosis with excellent intermediate-term results.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

[Damage to the inguino-femoral nerves in the treatment of hernias. An anatomical hazard of traditional and laparoscopic techniques].

Laparoscopic techniques currently constitute an alternative proposed for the repair of hernias of the inguinofemoral region. Nerve injuries have led some teams to recommend technical principles based on the anatomical relations of these nerves with the subperitoneal fascia transversalis and inguinal fossae. An anatomical study consisting of dissection of nonembalmed cadavres, allowed, after evisceration, dissection of the lumbar plexus and its terminal branches, particularly those supplying the inguinofemoral region: iliohypogastric and ilio-inguinal nerves, the genitofemoral nerve, the femoral nerve and the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh. Via transperitoneal laparoscopy, the posterior surface of the anterior abdominal wall is centered on the deep inguinal ring, containing testicular vessels and the vas deferens. This deep inguinal ring receives the genitofemoral nerve. Medially, the anterior parietal peritoneum describes three folds formed by the outline of the epigastric artery, umbilical artery and urachus on the midline. The outline of Hesselbach's ligament separates the deep inguinal ring from Hesselbach's triangle, the zone of weakness of direct inguinal hernia. The iliac psoas muscle pass laterally underneath the inguinal ligament, while the external iliac vessels, subsequently becoming the femoral vessels, are located medially. Pectineal ligament lies on the posterior surface of the femoral ring between the umbilical artery and the epigastric artery. Installation of an abdominal wall prosthesis, either transperitoneally or retroperitoneally, must be centered on the deep inguinal ring, and its solid sutures are located medially to the pectineal ligament and anterior abdominal wall. On the other hand, the nerves at risk of being damaged are situated laterally: the ilio-inguinal and ilio-hypogastric nerves in the plane between external oblique and internal oblique above the anterior superior iliac spine, lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh under the inguinal ligament close to the anterior superior iliac spine, genitofemoral nerve with the spermatic cord in the deep inguinal ring and femoral nerve underneath the inguinal ligament with the psoas muscle lateral to the external iliac artery. No stapling must be performed under the plane of the inguinal ligament to avoid damage to the femoral vessels and lateral to the deep inguinal ring to avoid nerve damage.

Femoral Nerve↗

PubMed1993

Mechanical response to photolytic ATP pulses of skinned muscle fibres pre-activated with a small pulse of ATP.

(1) Skinned fibres from rat psoas muscle were placed in oil and activated at 10 degrees C by pulse photolysis of caged ATP. From the force and stiffness transients on small ATP pulses, we estimated the concentration and rate of ATP hydrolysis of the crossbridges in the fibres. They were 0.14 mM and 0.16 mMs-1, respectively, and thus the turnover rate was 1.1 s-1. (2) To examine the mechanical properties of the physiological ADP-bound crossbridges, we took a double-pulse protocol: the skinned fibre was first activated with a conditioning ATP pulse (0.2-0.5 mM). Several (3-5) seconds later, when almost all the ATP should have been hydrolysed into ADP+P(i), we applied another ATP pulse (0.2-1 mM) to test the fibre. (3) An analysis of the transients on the test pulses indicated that the conditioning pulse slowed the rate of crossbridge detachment. The time course of force development was thus expected to be also delayed, but was not. (4) We suggested that the rigor crossbridge might differ from the nucleotide-free intermediate in the physiological reaction cycle.

Actomyosin↗

PubMed1998

Experimental partial unilateral ureter obstruction. I. Pressure flow relationship in a rat model with mild and severe acute ureter obstruction.

PURPOSE: To create an animal model with mild and severe partial unilateral ureter obstruction in young rats using a modified Ulm and Miller technique and to characterize the model by acute renal pelvic pressure measurements. MATERIAL AND METHODS: During anesthesia the upper fourth (n = 15) or the upper two-thirds of the left ureter (n = 15) was embedded into the psoas muscle causing either a mild or severe partial obstruction. Sham-operated control rats were prepared in parallel (n = 20). The baseline pelvic pressure, the perfusion pelvic pressure (perfusion rates: 0.2 to 1.0 ml. per minute) and peristaltic waves were recorded after a resting period. RESULTS: Mean baseline pelvic pressure and perfusion pelvic pressure were significantly higher in obstructed kidneys than in non-obstructed kidneys, and significantly higher in severely obstructed kidneys than in mildly obstructed kidneys (p < 0.05). A fair linear relationship existed between the increase in pelvic pressure and the increase in perfusion rates in all groups. In the severely obstructed kidneys, baseline pelvic pressure was 16.9 +/- 2.3 cm. H2O and the perfusion pelvic pressure increased significantly from 41.7 +/- 3.3 cm. H2O to 68.6 +/- 6.3 cm. H2O. The pelvic peristaltic amplitude increased significantly following the increase in perfusion rate and there was a significant difference in the amplitude between severely obstructed and non-obstructed kidneys when the perfusion rate exceeded 0.4 ml. per minute (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Embedding either the upper fourth or the upper two-thirds of the ureter into the psoas muscle produced a mild or a severe partial obstruction. In the latter model a significant increase in pelvic pressure and amplitude was observed, indicating the existence of severe obstruction.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1993

Essential role of myosin S-2 region in muscle contraction.

We studied the contraction characteristics and Mg-ATPase activity of glycerinated rabbit psoas muscle fibers in the presence and absence of polyclonal antibody directed against the subfragment-2 (S-2) region of myosin, to give information about the role of myosin hinge region in muscle contraction. The antibody was kindly supplied to us from Professor Harrington's laboratory. The antibody-induced decrease of Ca(2+)-activated isometric force development was always accompanied by a parallel decrease of muscle fiber stiffness, so that the stiffness versus force relation remained the same by the antibody treatment. Force-velocity curves, obtained by applying ramp decreases in load from steady isometric force to zero, indicated that the antibody had no effect on the maximum shortening velocity and the shape of the force-velocity curve. Simultaneous measurements of Mg-ATPase activity and Ca(2+)-activated isometric force showed that Mg-ATPase activity of the fibers remained unchanged despite the antibody-induced decrease of isometric force even to zero. These results indicate that, if the antibody attaches to the S-2 region of myosin molecules, their heads still hydrolyze ATP without contributing to both muscle force generation and muscle fiber stiffness.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Fluorescence polarization of skeletal muscle fibers labeled with rhodamine isomers on the myosin heavy chain.

Fluorescence polarization was used to examine orientational changes of Rhodamine probes in single, skinned muscle fibers from rabbit psoas muscle following either photolysis of caged nucleotides or rapid length changes. Fibers were extensively and predominantly labeled at SH1 (Cys-707) of the myosin heavy chain with either the 5- or the 6-isomer of iodoacetamidotetramethylrhodamine. Results from spectroscopic experiments utilizing the two Rhodamine isomers were quite similar. Following photolysis of either caged ATP or caged ADP, probes promptly reoriented toward the muscle fiber axis. Changes in the fluorescence polarization signals with transients elicited by the photolysis of caged ATP in the presence of saturating Ca2+ greatly preceded active force generation. Photolysis of caged ADP caused only a small, rapid decrease in force but elicited changes in the fluorescence polarization signals with time course and amplitude similar to those following photolysis of caged ATP. Fluorescence polarization signals were virtually unchanged by rapid length steps in both rigor and active muscle fibers. These results indicate that structural changes monitored by Rhodamine probes at SH1 are not associated directly with the force-generating event of muscle contraction. However, the fluorescence polarization transients were slightly faster than the estimated rate of cross-bridge detachment following photolysis of caged ATP, suggesting that the observed structural changes at SH1 may be involved in the communication pathway between the nucleotide- and actin-binding sites of myosin.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗

PubMed2002

Rapid cryofixation of rabbit muscle fibres after a temperature jump.

We describe a procedure whereby structural changes that occur in muscle fibres after a rapid temperature jump can be captured by cryofixation. In the thick filament from rabbit and other mammalian skeletal muscles there is a rapid transition from a non-helical to a helical structure as the temperature is raised from 273 K towards physiological levels. This transition is accompanied by characteristic intensity changes in the X-ray diffraction pattern of the muscle. In our experiments to capture these changes, single fibres of glycerinated psoas muscle were subjected to a Joule temperature jump of 15-30 K from approximately 278 K in air. We have developed a freezing method using a modified Gatan cryosnapper in which a pair of liquid nitrogen-cooled copper jaws were projected under pressure and closed on the fibre between 50 and 100 ms after the temperature jump. The frozen fibres were freeze-substituted and embedded for electron microscopy. Transverse and longitudinal sections of relaxed 'cold' (approximately 278 K) and temperature-jumped fibres as well as rigor fibres were obtained. Fourier transforms of the images from the three preparations showed differences in the relative intensities of the reflections from the hexagonal filament lattice and in those of the helix-based layer lines, similar to the differences seen by X-ray diffraction. We conclude that we have preserved the 'hot' structure and that cryofixation is sufficiently fast to prevent the transition back to the 'cold' state.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

Muscle atrophy in ankylosing spondylitis: CT demonstration.

The CT demonstration of gross atrophy of the posterior spinal muscles and the left psoas muscle in a patient with chronic ankylosing spondylitis is reported. The muscle atrophy appeared to be related to gross total ankylosis of the thoracic and lumbar spine and severe unilateral involvement of the left hip joint. This observation suggests a relationship between muscle atrophy, spinal fixation, and reduced joint mobility.

Humans↗

PubMed1983

Loss of Ca2+-dependent regulation in glycerinated skeletal muscle contraction.

Glycerinated muscle fiber from rabbit psoas muscle often lost Ca2+-dependent regulation of its contraction with long-term extraction in a 50% glycerol solution containing 5 mM EGTA at -20 degrees C, designated as Ca2+-insensitive muscle fiber (CaIS-fiber). About 30 or 40% of glycerinated muscle fibers were CaIS-fibers after 1 to 3 months in the glycerol solution. We investigated the cause of the loss of Ca2+-sensitivity of the glycerinated muscle fiber by tension mechanogram and SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This natural CaIS-fiber showed a new band of 30K daltons peptide on SDS gels. On the other hand, Ca2+-sensitive fiber (CaS-fiber) changed to CaIS-fiber by trypsin digestion for 40 sec. The tryptic CaIS-fiber had no troponin C and 30K daltons peptide bands in the electrophoretograms. Incubating with 2 mM CaCl2 for 40 hr at 25 degrees C, CaS-fiber changed easily to CaIS-fiber which had 30K daltons peptide and faint troponin T and I bands, as in natural CaIS-fiber. All CaIS-fibers could recover their Ca2+-dependent regulation by incubating with native tropomyosin from rabbit skeletal muscle for 2 days at 4 degrees C. These results indicate that the loss of Ca2+-dependent regulation of glycerinated muscle fiber is due to degradation of regulatory protein system by endogenous Ca2+-activated proteolytic enzymes.

Animals↗