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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Effect of permethrin impregnated bednets in reducing population of malaria vector Anopheles culicifacies in a tribal village of Orissa state (India).

The role of permethrin impregnated bednets at the application rate of 0.5 g (ai)/m2 in reducing A. culicifacies population in a tribal village of Orissa, highly endemic for Plasmodium falciparum was studied. The per man-hour density was significantly reduced in the Kenduguda village for about three months where impregnated bednets were supplied to the villagers, while in the control village Deulaguda where unimpregnated nets were supplied, vector density remained high during the study period. Bioassay carried out on the treated nets showed that there was 100 per cent mortality in A. culicifacies for over three months with the unwashed nets as well as with bednets washed once or twice.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Evaluation of the effectiveness of permethrin and DDT impregnated bed-nets against Anopheles maculatus.

A laboratory evaluation of cotton and nylon bed-nets treated with permethrin and DDT was carried out by releasing blood-fed An. maculatus for 30 minutes in the treated net. Results show almost 100% mortality up to one year after treatment. A ten minute exposure on the outside of the net also gave similar results. Even after washing the nets continued to give very good results. A method of treating the nets is described.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Residual larval effects of permethrin and resistance in the housefly].

The effectiveness of synthetic pyrethroid permethrin in a special preparation Coopex, concentrations 0.25 and 0.5% against larval stages of housefly (Musca domestica) was tested. No larvicidal effect was proved in these commonly used concentrations. Under laboratory conditions, a very good residual effectiveness against imagoes, lasting more than 365 days (100% imago perish), was proved. In stables the residual effectiveness of Coopex was pronounced during 11 weeks. In ten generations of housefly, exposed to 0.001% concentration of Coopex, no resistance to 0.25% concentration of this substance was observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Gas-liquid chromatographic and gas-liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric determination of fenvalerate and permethrin residues in grasshoppers and duck tissue samples.

A procedure is described for determining fenvalerate and permethrin residues in grasshoppers and duck tissues. Samples are Soxhlet-extracted with hexane and cleaned up by gel permeation chromatography with an in-line alumina column. Samples are analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography with electron capture detection, and confirmed by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The average recovery from fortified tissues was 97%.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Permethrin as a tent treatment for protection against field populations of Aedes mosquitoes.

A tent treated with an oil-based 1% permethrin formulation (0.936 g AI/m2) was evaluated for protection against Aedes spp. Mosquito biting assessment was conducted in the field using 8 human subjects positioned inside and outside tents. Subjects inside tents received 66.8% fewer bites than subjects outside tents prior to treatment. Following treatment, subjects inside the treated tent had significant (P < or = 0.05) protection (84-94% bite reduction) for 42 days. Subjects outside the treated tent experienced 43-82% fewer biting mosquitoes than subjects outside the untreated tent. The treated tent remained lethal > or = 42 days to mosquitoes exposed to the tent fabric in field bioassays.

Aedes↗
PubMed1995

A resistance of head lice (Pediculus capitis) to permethrin in Czech Republic.

An outbreak of pediculosis at primary schools was recorded in the Czech Republic in 1992. Almost 20% of children in some schools were infested. This outbreak can be attributed to the resistance of head lice to permethrin, which has not been mentioned in literature yet. The resistance factors established in three towns range between 2 and 385 and between 5 and 557 for LC50 and LC90 values, respectively. This resistance has developed after exclusive use of pyrethroids lotion and shampoo in the Czech Republic since 1978, and it was accompanied by a cross-resistance to d-phenothrin and bioalethrin. But the susceptibility of head lice to malathion and pirimiphos-methyl in 1992 was very similar to that found in 1981. The lotion containing 0.3% of malathion (Diffusil H92 M) has been fully effective against the resistant lice. When introduced into the practice, it quickly reduced the infestation of children in primary schools. The other lotion and shampoo containing 0.3% and 0.7% of pirimiphos-methyl respectively were found to be effective as well.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The insecticidal activity of thermal aerosols of permethrin].

The aerosols derived from the designed 2% permethrine-containing pyrotechnical formulations (tablets and briquets) were tested for their effects in laboratory and field conditions. When tested in the chamber, its LC50 and LC99 were 0.056 and 0.43 mg/m2 (as calculated for the active ingredient), respectively, for Ae. aegypti mosquitos exposed to 15 min in the polycarprolactam plastic trap and 2.99 and 5.66 mg/m2 (for the active ingredient) for M. domestica flies exposed to an hour. LC99 for C. pipiens ranged 2 to 5 mg/m2 in the field conditions when treating the basements with varying airtightness. The effective dosage ensuring a 100% death of M. domestica in the animal-breeding premises of various types is 10 mg/m2 on an hour exposure.

Aedes↗
PubMed1994

Acceptability and usage of permethrin-impregnated mosquito bed nets in rural southwestern Saudi Arabia.

In 1989 a total of 2,320 sets of locally-made durable permethrin-impregnated bed nets and support frames were provided for the first time to 410 families (2,485 individuals) in Al-Fateeha area in the malarious region of Tihamat Asir, southwestern Saudi Arabia. In interviews carried out with a sample of the heads of the families two years later, most of them said to have used bed nets regularly (78.3%) and a majority started using them shortly after sunset (73.9%). Most heads of families expressed willingness to encourage their friends and neighbours to get bed nets (94.4%) and use them regularly (92.9%). Public requests for bed nets were received from neighbouring areas. These results indicate that impregnated bed nets can be successfully integrated into a malaria control programme provided that they are of a durable type and accompanied with support devices to facilitate their use while sleeping outdoors. Records of the primary health care centre serving the trial area indicated that the incidence of malaria decreased progressively from 277.4 per thousand in 1988 to 124.4 in 1991. The possible contribution of mosquito nets--as a major newly introduced variable--to this decrease is suggested but was not directly measured.

Bedding and Linens↗
PubMed1993

Malaria prevalence and morbidity in relation to the use of permethrin-treated wall cloths in Kenya.

The effect of permethrin-treated wall cloths (Mbu cloth) on malaria parasitaemia prevalences and malaria morbidity, was evaluated in a population of over 10,000 for a period of three years in the Marigat area, Baringo District, Kenya. The use of the treated cloth in 2,000 houses resulted in significantly lower rates of malaria parasite prevalences with an overall reduction rate of 73% (P < 0.001) in the treated area. Control areas had an initial increase in rate of malaria parasite prevalence of 30% and later a reduction of 31%. There was a slight reduction in spleen rates in the control and treated areas but it was not significant for either between the surveys or among the villages.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

In vitro assay for permethrin persistence and interference with bloodfeeding of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) on animals.

Permethrin (65% AI) was applied to the dorsum of 3 goats (3-4 ml/animal). Hair clippings were taken before treatment and 4-6, 18-20, 39-41 and 67-69 days after treatment. Culicoides variipennis fed upward through a thin layer of hair and through a membrane on an artificial feeder containing cattle blood. Midge knockdown was usually complete after the 45 min exposure period, but many bloodfed first. Belly hair residues did not statistically reduce engorgement beyond 4-6 days. Head hair residues reduced engorgement by up to 98% at 18-20 days, but did not significantly reduce engorgement at 67-69 days. Back hair residues significantly reduced engorgement for the entire period (99-100% through day 39-41 and 66% by day 67-69). Partial engorgement was higher in the treatments.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Synergistic effects of monensin in combination with permethrin or neomycin on neuronal activity.

Drug combinations have the potential to produce novel and unpredictable responses on nervous tissue. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that the effects of combinations of monensin (an ionophore antibiotic) and either neomycin (an aminoglycoside antibiotic) or permethrin (synthetic pyrethroid) are synergistic. Effects of the drug combinations upon the electrical properties and membrane activities of an in vitro sensory neuron preparation were found to be greater than expected from addition of the effects of the same drugs acting individually, indicating synergism and thus supporting the hypothesis. It was concluded that drugs acting at different neuronal membrane sites and applied in combination produce unpredictable responses. Such drug combinations behave as if they were novel drugs.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Occupational exposure to permethrin during its use as a public hygiene insecticide.

Permethrin is an active ingredient found in many public hygiene insecticide products and exposure to it was assessed in a survey of 45 professional users. The exposures measured were over a wide range, with more than a 100-fold difference between average levels and the highest levels. Dermal contamination was evident on 93% of the operators, the highest contamination resulting from the use of leaking application equipment, demonstrating that proper maintenance of equipment is vital. Where the insecticide was applied at ground level most contamination was on the legs, indicating the importance of appropriate footwear. Contamination of the hands occurred despite the use of protective gloves, higher levels of contamination occurring when liquids were used. Dermal contamination was not always the principle route of exposure, and high airborne concentrations were linked with use in confined areas. Airborne concentrations were also associated with the physical form of the product used and the treatment method. To help in assessing the effectiveness of protective clothing and control measures, biological monitoring was carried out. Monitoring of metabolites in urine showed that systemic uptake occurred but evidence from toxicological studies indicates that the levels found were well below those considered to cause harm.

Environmental Monitoring↗
PubMed1991

Impact of a pulse application of permethrin on the macroinvertebrate community of a headwater stream.

This study evaluated the impact of concentrated pulse (16 microg litre(-1)) of the insecticide permethrin (emulsifiable concentrate) on the macroinvertebrate community of a northern Ontario headwater stream. Post-treatment drift increased by a factor of 2400 within minutes of the arrival of the insecticide. There was a significant (P<0.05) reduction in the abundance of invertebrates in most families as far as 260 m below the point of injection in both kick and artificial substrate samples. Greatest impact was observed in the mayflies, Baetis flavistriga. Heptagenia flavescens, and Epeorus sp., the stonefly, Leuctra tenuis, and the caddisfly, Dolophilodes distinctus. Diptera were not significantly reduced. The number of species occurring 100 m from the point of injection was reduced by 47%, but only by 17% at 260 m. There was no change in the per cent composition of functional feeding groups at any point after treatment. Recovery of most invertebrates was complete within 6 weeks of treatment.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Testicular germ-cell apoptosis in stressed rats following combined exposure to pyridostigmine bromide, N,N-diethyl m-toluamide (DEET), and permethrin.

This study reports and characterizes the testicular apoptosis following daily exposure of male Sprague-Dawley rats to subchronic combined doses of pyridostigmine bromide (PB, 1.3 mg/kg/d in water, oral), a drug used for treatment of myasthenia gravis and prophylactic treatment against nerve agents during the Persian Gulf War; the insect repellent N,N-diethyl m-toluamide (DEET, 40 mg/kg/d in ethanol, dermal); and the insecticide permethrin (0.13 mg/kg in ethanol, dermal), with and without stress for 28 d. Combined exposure to these chemicals was implicated in the development of illnesses including genitourinary disorders among many veterans of the Persian Gulf War. Previous studies from this laboratory have shown that exposure to combination of these chemicals produced greater toxicity compared to single components. Exposure to stress alone did not cause any significant histopathological alterations in the testes. Administration of combination of these chemicals induced apoptosis in rat testicular germ cells, Sertoli cells, and Leydig cells, as well as in the endothelial lining of the blood vessels. Testicular damage was significantly augmented when the animals were further exposed to a combination of chemicals and stress. Histopathological examination of testicular tissue sections showed that apoptosis was confined to the basal germ cells and spermatocytes, indicating suppression of spermatogenesis. Increased apoptosis of testicular cells coincided, in timing and localization, with increased expression of the apoptosis-promoting proteins Bax and p53. Furthermore, significant increase of 3-nitrotyrosine immunostaining in the testis revealed oxidative and/or nitrosation induction of cell death. In conclusion, combined exposure to real-life doses of test compounds caused germ-cell apoptosis that was significantly enhanced by stress.

Administration, Oral↗