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PubMed2005

Leisure provision for persons with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities: quality time or killing time?

BACKGROUND: Information on the duration, frequency and content of leisure activities for persons with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) in residential facilities during weekends was not available. METHOD: The project was carried out in 2003 and included seven facilities. Interviews were held with direct support professionals of 112 living units. Consequently, the actual leisure provision of 160 persons with PIMD was recorded over a period of four weekends. This study also investigated the relationship between setting characteristics and the distribution of the content, frequency and duration of leisure activities. Age and gender of persons with PIMD were under investigation. RESULTS: A total mean of 3.8 h of leisure activities is provided for during the full weekend, almost half of which includes watching television or listening to music. Leisure activities are almost exclusively offered by professionals. Parents or volunteers only provide a minimum of activities during weekends. The results suggest that the leisure provision for persons with PIMD is severely restricted and not bound to any service provider in particular. Generally, with increasing age the leisure provision for persons with PIMD declines in number and in variety. No effect was found for gender. CONCLUSIONS: Leisure time for persons with PIMD contains more empty hours than quality time.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Are people with intellectual disabilities just another customer? Interviews with business owners and staff.

Descriptive information on the views of business people towards the presence of persons with intellectual disabilities as customers was reported. We interviewed 89 individuals representing a range of shops and local amenities in four urban and four country regions in Queensland, Australia. We also systematically examined the influence of degree of intellectual disabilities by interviewing employees in shops near community residential facilities for persons with mild/moderate and those near facilities for persons with severe/profound intellectual disabilities. A third group of businesses not located near any such residential facilities served as a control group. Overall, results suggest that business people had few special concerns related to interactions with customers who have intellectual disabilities.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Physical fitness and functional ability of children with intellectual disability: effects of a short-term daily treadmill intervention.

Persons with intellectual disability (ID) and associated multiple disabilities have been found by many researchers to be a population with deficient physical fitness measures, which can be explained by an inactive lifestyle, a result of lack of awareness of the positive physical effects of physical exercise, or lack of motivation for any motor activity. Various plans for physical exercise have been put forward, but many are found impractical in nonresearch-based intervention. In this study, 15 children with ID on a motor functioning level of 7-14 months used a treadmill daily for 2 months. Our findings indicated a most significant improvement in the level of physical fitness of the participants (p < 0.005), as measured by pulse at rest and during effort. The improvement in physical fitness modestly (r = 0.5), but significantly (p < 0.05), correlated with a significant (p < 0.0007) improvement in functional ability of the participating children. Further examination a year after intervention terminated showed a return to preintervention pulse-at-rest values. The research examined the treadmill training method and found that it can be operated with the support of an unskilled staff person under the supervision of a physiotherapist. The research was performed under real-life conditions, enabling relatively easy implementation in the existing conditions of special education centers. This method is a type of exercise that is easy to operate without entailing long-term budgetary expenses and might improve the health status of children with ID, who are a population at risk for developing heart-related diseases at a young age.

Child↗
PubMed2005

Seizure freedom with different therapeutic regimens in intellectually disabled epileptic patients.

BACKGROUND: Epilepsy is a frequent condition in persons with intellectual disability and is more often difficult to treat than in the average population. Seizure freedom is the primary therapeutic goal which has important implications for the patient's quality of life. The aim of this study was to find out which antiepileptic therapy regimens (monotherapy or combination therapy) are effective in achieving this goal in intellectually disabled epilepsy patients. We were especially interested in the impact of the new antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) which were introduced during the past decade. METHOD: We investigated retrospectively the antiepileptic regimens on which the resident patients of a large epilepsy centre (as a rule with additional intellectual disabilities of different degrees) were seizure free in 2002. Information on antiepileptic medication and seizure frequency was taken out of the individual case documentation. It was also determined whether seizure free patients had already been seizure free in 1992. RESULTS: Two hundred and forty out of 675 patients (35,6%) with epilepsy were seizure free. The proportion of seizure freedom was 43,7% in patients with borderline intelligence, 39,2% in mild, 33,2% in moderate, 31,9% in severe, and 21,9% in profound intellectual disability. One hundred and twenty-two (50,8%) seizure free patients were on monotherapy; 53 of them were on CBZ (PB: 34, VPA: 25, PHT: 7, LTG: 3). Ninety-three patients (38,7%) were on duotherapies, CBZ/PB (27 patients), PB/PHT (17), and LTG/VPA (14) being the commonest. Of 18 (7,5%) triple therapies, LTG/PB/VPA (4 patients) was the commonest. Taken together, the five most frequent therapeutic regimens were CBZ monotherapy, PB monotherapy, CBZ/PB, VPA monotherapy and PB/PHT (a clear preponderance of classic AEDs). A distinction was made between "old seizure free" (seizure free already in 1992) and "new seizure free" (in 1992 still seizures) patients. In the 132 old seizure free patients the classic AEDs prevailed again, monotherapies with CBZ, PB and VPA being the most frequent regimens. In comparison, in the 78 new seizure free patients the novel combination LTG/VPA was the third most frequent, after the classic regimens CBZ/PB and CBZ; PB monotherapies were rare. CONCLUSION: In a majority of intellectually disabled patients with epilepsy (including those who became seizure free since 1992), complete seizure control has been achieved by monotherapy or duotherapy with classic AEDs. Of the new AEDs LTG in combination with VPA appears to be an important innovation.

Adolescent↗