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Endocrine programmed development and reproduction in Nereis.

The pattern of cerebral endocrine activity in Nereis diversicolor is characterized by the maintenance of a high plateau of activity prior to, and during most of, the time occupied by gametogenesis. During the closing stages of the life cycle, the rate of secretion is progressively reduced, resulting in the production of a homogeneous population of gametocytes and subsequently in their final maturation. Secretion has been assayed in terms of the regeneration-promoting, maturation-inhibiting, and gametotrophic activities of the hormone. Assays involved transplantation of living brains, in some cases between animals at different stages of maturity, but evidence is presented that the activity of such brains reliably reflects their rate of secretion in situ. Cerebral control of growth and maturation is probably mediated by a single hormone, an ordered sequence of events occurring as different thresholds for hormone action are reached in turn.

Animals↗

An assessment of a toxicological incident in a drug development program and its implications.

In an exceptionally thorough program of preclinical toxicity testing in laboratory animals of the anti-allergy drug FPL 52757 (6,8-diethyl-5-hydroxy-4-oxo-4H-1-benzopyran-2-carboxylic acid), no significant hepatotoxic potential was detected. Despite this evidence of safety in a wide range of laboratory animals, the drug produced mild reversible hepatotoxicity in some patients in some clinical trials. Extensive toxicity and investigational studies are described, and the importance of the correct choice of species for toxicology evaluations based on sound pharmacokinetic principles is highlighted. This paper reviews this incident and the lessons to be learned from it in light of current regulatory requirements.

Animals↗

Home care for life-supported persons: an approach to program development.

Eighteen ventilator-dependent children were returned to their homes from Illinois. Each candidate was selected according to physician-designated guidelines for medical stability as well as predetermined social-environmental and reimbursement criteria. Each individualized occurrence was organized according to a comprehensive home care plan. Unanticipated improvement in medical condition and psychosocial development has resulted at home. The children and families have returned to a safe environment that best promotes the health of all involved. In addition, initial cost savings were at least 70%. These demonstrations have evolved into an organized regional approach to the ventilator-dependent child which utilizes available resources. The required continuum of health care and personal services includes intermediate intensive care, respiratory rehabilitation, transitional care, home care, and community-oriented alternatives to home. Problems of the ventilator-dependent child are those encountered by all children with handicaps and their families. The appropriate solutions will provide models for other complex health care and societal issues.

Adolescent↗

[Preserving vision in the elderly: a survey to start a quality development program in general practice].

The study examined the rate of patients, who do not follow recommendations for routine screening, do not visit physicians for eye-symptoms and when suffering from diabetes or glaucoma do not adhere to follow-up. To what extent can primary care physicians impact on these deficits of ophthalmologic care? 4918 consecutive, > or = 40 old patients of 107 primary care physicians of 9 networks participated. Of these patients 15% had never, 43% not within the last 3 years, consulted an ophthalmologist. 16% were diabetics, 7% had glaucoma and 46% had observed subjective eye symptoms. A quarter of these patients turn to their primary care physician, when having eye problems. Primary care physicians do not frequently suggest routine ophthalmologic controls nor do they use diagnostic tools like the Amsler-grid or the Swinging-Flash-Light Test.

Adult↗