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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

A mental health relief programme in Armenia after the 1988 earthquake. Implementation and clinical observations.

An international mental health relief programme for children and adults was implemented in Soviet Armenia after the 7 December 1988 Spitak earthquake. This paper presents: (a) the steps considered essential in the selection, preparation and support of mental health workers for the relief work; (b) a method which facilitated the screening and treating of large numbers of students in their classrooms; (c) the rate of post-traumatic stress disorder (74%) and major depressive disorder (22%) of 582 victims clinically evaluated before entering treatment three to six months after the earthquake; (d) clinical observations of significant psychological problems that may be overlooked in brief crisis-orientated psychotherapy; (e) multiple severe post-earthquake adversities (such as the collapse of the social network, the recurrence of after-shocks, the delay of reconstruction and the ongoing political turmoil) which contributed to the psychological problems of the victims and delayed their recovery; (f) the extension of the outreach programme beyond its traditional therapeutic role to an advisory one to other relief organisations.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2002

Food for thought: the use of food in group therapy with children and adolescents.

This article highlights the significance food may have in group therapy with children and adolescents and its meanings for particular group members. It focuses on the interactions between the group members and leaders in response to food. Along with providing actual nutrition, food represents emotional and symbolic nurturing, and may trigger salient conflicts and issues with which group members are struggling. An essential role of the group leader is to manage conflicts that may be evoked by the provision of food. Examples are provided to illustrate themes and meanings related to food in group therapy with children and adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

On scapegoating in therapy groups: a social constructivist and intersubjective outlook.

The social constructs of the group, the group self of an individual member, and the moral order of the group as a whole are described as basic, interrelated concepts essential to our understanding of scapegoating. Two patterns of scapegoating are then introduced: one concerns antagonistic, the other, agonistic relations of scapegoat to scapegoaters. A series of case examples are presented, one involves an advocacy group of socio-cultural "outsiders;" the other three pertain to scapegoating in therapy group settings. The case materials illustrate the meaning and usefulness of an intersubjective/social constructivist perspective on the problem of scapegoating.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

The ghost in the group room: countertransferential pressures associated with conjoint individual and group psychotherapy.

Conjoint individual and group therapy is a commonly used, effective psychotherapeutic treatment. The relationship between the conjoint therapists significantly influences the treatment. This article examines countertransference dilemmas of the group and individual therapists arising from the real and fantasied conjoint relationship. Case examples illustrate specific countertransference dilemmas. Therapists are encouraged to consider the possibility of difficulties with each potential conjoint treatment. Consultation and supervision are recommended to help the conjoint therapists identify and manage countertransference pressures.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Long-term group psychotherapy for children with pervasive developmental disorders: evidence for group development.

This article highlights the clinical progress of three long-term psychotherapy groups for children with pervasive developmental disorders. Unique aspects of working with such children are addressed as well as their movement through the phases of group development. Clinical observations suggested that these groups did in fact pass through observable phases of cohesion, differentiation, and intimacy. Further, these children demonstrated noticeable social development both inside and outside the groups. They identified strongly with their groups, and after the settling-in period, there was remarkably little resistance to participation, especially given the children's tendencies for social avoidance. Vignettes are provided to illustrate both group developmental phases and noteworthy psychological experiences of the clinical process with children who have been diagnosed with pervasive developmental disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Medication consultation and split treatment during psychotherapy.

In split treatment a patient simultaneously sees both a psychotherapist and a pharmacotherapist. Research indicates that medication and psychotherapy have additive value when used together in the treatment of depression and probably in other disorders as well. However, little is known about the presumably common technique of separate therapists administering these treatments. Complex interpersonal issues arise, reflecting both ideological and transferential attitudes toward medication as well as the intricacies of triangular relationships. Establishing a three-way therapeutic alliance, awareness of competitive countertransference feelings, and recognition of covert issues other than medication in the request for consultation are examples of areas where special attention can help the treatment succeed.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

The Drinking-Related Locus of Control Scale: the factor structure with treatment-seeking outpatients.

OBJECTIVE: The psychometric properties of the Drinking-Related Locus of Control Scale (DRIE) were investigated when the distribution of DRIE scores taken from a sample of outpatient men was found to be skewed toward an internal locus of control, and numerous items on the scale showed little or no variability. METHOD: The DRIE was administered to 93 treatment-seeking, male alcoholics meeting DSM-II-R criteria for alcohol abuse or dependence who attended a clinical screen and baseline assessment for a larger study designed to examine the efficacy of conjoint marital therapy in the treatment of alcoholism. Subjects were recruited through newspaper, radio and television announcements, letters to physicians, employee assistance programs, outpatient treatment programs and detoxification centers. Subjects were either married or in a cohabitating relationship with a nonalcoholic, female partner. RESULTS: A factor analysis with a Procrustes rotation failed to replicate the three factor structure identified by previous researchers and consequently the reliability coefficients of the corresponding subscales were found to be low. Several items were endorsed as internal by more than 95% of the sample, showing little or no variability among subjects. An independent factor analysis, which excluded the items endorsed predominantly as internal, identified a single factor structure comprised of first person statements about helplessness and an inability to abstain from drinking. CONCLUSIONS: One possible explanation for the difference in the factor structure is that the current investigation employed outpatient subjects rather than inpatient subjects, who have been the focus of most research on the control orientation of alcoholics to date. A second possible explanation may be found in the sociodemographic makeup of the current sample which is younger, better educated and has less severe drinkers than the sample of veterans in the study that established the original factor structure of the DRIE.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Spouse-aided therapy in psychiatry: an introduction.

This paper underlines the failure of contemporary individual and marital psychotherapies to help many married people with persisting psychological disorders. It examines the spouse's contribution to the maintenance of psychological disability, and discusses the problems of constructively involving such spouses in conjoint therapy. Spouse-aided therapy addresses this problem by inviting the patient's spouse to become a co-therapist. It is explicitly not a marriage therapy, and is conducted on a goal-orientated time-limited out-patient basis. During discussion of problems with achieving treatment goals, the focus of therapy shifts from the patient's symptoms to marital interaction. Confrontation of the spouse's contribution to the patient's continuing disability then becomes possible, and is followed by changes in marital interaction which generally facilitate the patient's improvement. Many couples choose to proceed with marital therapy after spouse-aided therapy has allowed them to reconstrue the patient's symptoms in interactional terms.

Ambulatory Care↗