The use of isoimmune sera for identification of hemopoietic cells from blood-injected radiation chimeras.
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Hematopoietic System↗
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Results for “RADIATION EFFECTS/experimental”
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A note on irradiated heparin: some biological and chemical properties.
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Heparin↗
Radiation-induced crystallization of sucrose.
In the presence of gelatine, sucrose crystallizes after a relatively short time (minutes, hours) when exposed to the radiation of an x-ray tube with copper target, or of a medical microwave unit. The formation of sucrose spherulites, visible with the naked eye, was observed.
Crystallization↗
Tolerance of mouse-brain tissue to high-energy deuterons.
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Animals↗
Induced somatic mutations affecting erythrocyte antigens.
The frequency of inagglutinable erythrocytes was increased in pigeons following total body irradiation and in human polycythemic patients treated with P(32). Persistence of the increased levels of inagglutinable cells was observed in pigeons retested at over 200 days after irradiation and in a polycythemic patient retested at 173 days posttreatment. These data provide additional evidence for the mutational origin of the antigen-lacking cells.
Antigens↗
Stimulation of postirradiation recovery of cells by cutting.
X-rays and ultraviolet radiations delay regeneration and division of Blepharisma undulans. Irradiated blepharisma which have not been cut divide once or twice fairly soon after the controls then they cease dividing for a period of time (stasis) which may last for many hours or even days. Once they recover from stasis they divide at a rate comparable to controls. Cut irradiated blepharisma on the other hand having to replace lost parts start to divide later than the uncut irradiated individuals but little if any stasis occurs. As a consequence although irradiated with the same dosage cut individuals recover a normal rate of division sooner than uncut ones.
Ciliophora↗
Reduction of radiation sensitivity of dry bacterial spores with hydrogen sulfide.
Hydrogen sulfide redtuces the lethal effect of x-rays in dry spores by about 50 percent when given after irradiation, and by approximately 75 percent when present during irradiation. The first effect is the result of removal of radicals that are toxic when combined with oxygen; the second, the removcal of radicals that become toxic in the absence of oxygen. With these results we construct an explanation of the action of sulfhydryl compounds in protection against radiation damage.
Bacteria↗
A difference between biological effects of gamma rays and heavy ions.
When irradiated with gamma rays, Arteinia eggs show the typical sigmoidal survival curve of a multicellular organism, with little change at low doses and an abrupt decrease in survival above a threshold dose. On irradiation with 160-Mev oxygen ions, the threshold disappears and viability can be destroyed by passage of a single energetic ion.
Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation↗
Thermal annealment and nitric oxide effects on free radicals in x-irradiated cells.
Four kinds of radicals are identified in dry spores (Bacillus megaterium) after x-irradiation: those associated with singlet, doublet, triplet, and oxygen-complex types of spectra. The singlet, present only at low temperatures, gives rise irreversibly to the doublet at 25 degrees C. All hyperfine structure is depressed after annealment at 1000 degrees C and is lost when oxygen or nitric oxide is added. The physical results support the hypothesis that reactions of long-lived free radicals can account for the radiobiological phenomena of thermorestoration, nitric oxide protection, and latent oxygen effect.
Free Radicals↗
Appearance of a substance in acute phase serum which elicits Cx-protein responses.
Seromucoid was isolated from serum of rabbits during the acute inflammatory period following subcutaneous injection of an irritant and at times after whole body irradiation. It produced a Cxprotein response on intravenous injection into normal rabbits, an anamnestic response in immunized rabbits, leucocyte changes characteristic of inflammation, and marked toxicity in rabbits with reticuloendothelial system blockade. Normal seromucoid did not possess these properties.
Animals↗
Alteration of mutation frequency by treatment with actinomycin D.
The frequency of lethal mutations occurring in Drosophila melanogaster was reduced by approximately one-half when irradiated males were treated with actinomycin D, which also inhibited the appearance of melanotic atypical growths in the strain used for the study.
Animals↗
X-rays affect the incorporation of 5-iododeoxyuridine into deoxyribonucleic acid.
When labeled with iodine-131, 5-iododeoxyuridine, an analogue of thymidine, is useful in estimating the effect of x-radiation on deoxyribonucleic acid metabolism. Although this compound is readily incorporated into deoxyribonucleic acid in the absence of ionizing radiation, we find that whole-body exposure to as little as 10 r will significantly inhibit its incorporation.
Biochemical Phenomena↗
Immunization to Schistosoma mansoni in mice inoculated with radiated cercariae.
Preliminary experiments indicate that mice inoculated with cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni that have been exposed to cobalt-60 radiation in the range of 2500 to 3000 rep develop immunity to reinfection with nonradiated cercariae.
Animals↗
Leukemogenesis by urethan in C57B1 mice bearing isologous tissues from x-irradiated mice.
A single exposure of mice of a low-leukemic strain (C57B1/6) to 400 r of total-body x-irradiation caused the early appearance of a factor which, though not itself capable of inducing leukemia in adult C57B1 recipients, did cause its appearance when the recipients also received urethan by injection. Positive results were obtained with seven different tissues from irradiated animals, whether urethan was injected 1 day or 30 days after the irradiation. No such effect was obtained in either series in the absence of urethan treatment. When urethan was injected into normal C57B1 mice, or into mice previously implanted with tissues from nonirradiated mice, only marginal leukemogenic activity was evinced. The possible involvement of a precursor virus is discussed.
Animals↗
Anomalous greying effect in mice with higher doses of x-rays.
Exposure of mouse hair follicles to 1200, 1300, and 1400 r of x-rays results in delay of hair growth, precocious melanogenesis, and disruption of melanocyte distribution. The diversity of greying responses obtained with 1100 to 1700 r appears to be due to inactivation of radiosensitive follicles rather than to tissue replacement or to displacement of external sheath melanocytes into the hair bulb.
Animals↗
Metabolism of glycogen in skin and the effect of radiation.
Continuous biosynthesis of glycogen was demonstrated by perfusion of the skin of dogs with uniformly labeled C(14)-glucose. If the skin is irradiated in vivo with an erythemal dose of x-rays 24 hours prior to perfusion, the uptake of radioactive glucose into glycogen is significantly increased. The irradiation effect appears to be due to enzymatic dysbalance.
Animals↗
Irradiation of bacterial luciferase in vivo.
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Luciferases↗
Homograft reaction in mice: effect of urethane and sublethal x-radiation.
Combined treatment of mice with urethane (a nucleic acid antagonist and mitotic inhibitor) plus sublethal x-radiation (500 rad) suppresses the homograft response to a degree considerably greater than that observed with this dose of x-rays alone. Thus, LAF(1) mice receiving two injections of urethane plus 500 rad of x-radiation prior to grafting retained C(3)H mouse skin grafts for periods up to 60 days, with a mean graft survival time of 40 days, as compared with 18 days for mice exposed to 500 rad only.
Allografts↗