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PubMed1976

[The cubito-carpal region in gibbons].

As a continuation of our studies concerning the structure and fetal development of the human carpal articular disc (KAUER, 1968, 1975, 1976) we have investigated the disc-homologue in the Gibbon. For this purpose we have used the serial sectioned hand of a late-fetal specimen. The stratigraphical position of the os Daubentonii has been established comparing the situation in the Gibbon with that of the human ulno-carpal region. The homology presumed by others of the os Daubentonii with the cartilaginous primordium frequently found in the developing carpal articular disc in man, was found questionable. We have tried to give the os Daubentonii a functional interpretation as a sesamoid bone supporting the mechanical loaded pronation and supination of the hand in the Gibbon.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Hallux valgus correction by the method of Bösch: a new technique with a seven-to-ten-year follow-up.

Subcapital osteotomy of the first metatarsal is used as the treatment of choice for the correction of hallux valgus. The advantages are a short operation time, no soft tissue procedures, secure union, avoidance of metatarsal head (MTH) necrosis and a varus malalignment. An alternative temporary fixation of hallux valgus also having an arthrosis is performed with a specially developed angle plate (Synthes-Stratec, Austria) with the skin incision lengthened to 1-cm. Adequate displacement of the MTH over the sesamoid bones provides a permanent satisfying result even without an operation on the abductor or the adductor. This article reviews 98 feet of 64 patients who were examined in a follow-up study from the initial 114 cases that were operated. The mean follow-up time was 8 years and 9 months.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[The middle period outcome of partial patellectomy for the treatment of comminuted patella fractures].

The fracture of the biggest sesamoid bone patella is encountered at a rate of 1% of all skeletal injuries. Partial patellectomy is advised in the treatment of comminuted fractures of patella. In this retrospective study, we evaluated 18 of 25 patients who had partial patellectomy in our clinic between 1986-1997. Five patients were female (%27.8) and 13 were male (%72.2). The mechanisms of injuries were as follows: 11 (%61) motor vehicle accidents; 4 (%22) falls from flat-roofed house; 2 (%11) gunshot; and 1 (%5) subsidence. The mean age of the patients was 34.3 (range, 13-65). Ten left (%55) and eight right (%45) partial patellectomy were performed. Ten (%55) patients had also additional pathologies. The median follow-up time was 5.2 years (range, 2-11 years). Patients were very well in the last follow-up. According to Cincinnati Knee Score, which was improved by Noyes, 5 patients (%30) had excellent, 8 (%42) good 3(%17) moderate and 2 (%11) bad results. In conclusion, in the following years, enlargement in patellar articular surface and ossification, which is developed compensationally in the extensor mechanism may be detected and misevaluated as osteoarthrosis. Hence, we determined that they had not restricted knee joint functions in our cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Effects of loading on the synthesis of proteoglycans in different layers of anatomically intact articular cartilage in vitro.

The anatomically intact articular cartilage (approximately equal to 2.5 cm2) of whole bovine sesamoid bones was cultured on its bone support. A load of 5 kg was applied intermittently at 0.3 Hz by a specially designed loading apparatus for 7 days. [35S]-sulfate was added during the last 17 h of the experiment. Loading induced a 40% increase in [35S]-sulfate incorporation into aggrecans and an almost 3-fold increase in the synthesis of small proteoglycans. The loading effects occurred mainly in the upper half of the articular cartilage. Samples left unloaded for 7 days and then loaded for 7 days likewise showed an increase in [35S]-sulfate incorporation compared with unloaded controls.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Imaging skeletal pathology in mutant mice by microcomputed tomography.

OBJECTIVE: We describe the utility of microcomputed tomography ( micro CT) for imaging skeletal abnormalities in rodent model systems. For the purpose of illustration, the progressive ankylosis (ank) mutant was selected. ank mice develop prominent articular and periarticular calcifications at multiple anatomical sites, including paws, elbows, knees, and vertebrae. METHODS: Forelimbs, hindlimbs, and proximal tail vertebrae of 4-month-old female ank/ank mice were scanned at 15 micro m resolution using a SkyScan 1072 micro CT instrument and images were generated using Analyze 4.0 software. RESULTS: This technique was able to show, in 3-dimensional images, the abnormal calcification of ank/ank mice, which was readily observed within joint surfaces, on periosteal surfaces, sesamoid bones, menisci, and joint capsules, as well as other periarticular ligamentous structures. CONCLUSION: As illustrated by the example of the progressive ankylosis mutant, micro CT represents a powerful emerging tool for identifying and monitoring the progression of developmental or acquired skeletal abnormalities within rodent models.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Histochemistry defines a proteoglycan-rich layer in bovine flexor tendon subjected to bending.

Mid-substance fibrocartilage develops in bovine deep flexor tendon at the point where the tendon wraps under sesamoid bones of the foot and receives transverse compressive loading during locomotion. Fibrocartilage extends several millimeters into the tendon at this location and the proteoglycan-rich tissue stains intensely with Alcian blue. Using histochemical techniques we demonstrate the presence of aggrecan, type VI collagen, and hyaluronic acid in the extracellular matrix of this region of tendon. Biglycan staining was localized to the cells, however. Adjacent to the fibrocartilage, at the outer curvature of the tendon as it bends, the tissue resembles typical tensile tendon with dense bundles of linearly arranged collagen. Longitudinal sections revealed discrete layers of Alcian blue-stained material between the collagen bundles. We demonstrate that these layers of loose matrix also contain aggrecan, type VI collagen, and hyaluronic acid. However, the dense collagen bundles of this region are negative for these components. Transverse sections of tendon in the area adjacent to fibrocartilage show a distinct Alcian blue-stained structure surrounding vascular elements at the point where several fiber bundles come together. This is concluded to be the same structure as the Alcian blue-stained layers seen in longitudinal sections. These observations suggest that proteoglycan-rich matrices in tendon subjected to mechanical loading other than pure tension may serve multiple roles. Such matrices can not only provide compressive stiffness and separate and lubricate collagen bundles that move relative to each other, but may also protect the integrity of vasculature in tendon subjected to bending and shear.

Aggrecans↗
PubMed1990

Modified McBride's procedure: long-term results.

This paper presents the long-term results of using a modified version of McBride's procedure for the treatment of hallux valgus. The operation used in this group of patients is that described by McBride where the adductor hallucis tendon is detached from the base of the proximal phalanx. Our modification has been to augment this with a medial capsular reef, the adductor tendon is taken through a hole in the metatarsal neck and attached to the medial capsule. We did not remove the sesamoid bone. Twenty-nine feet have been followed up for up to 12 years and the results graded using Bonney and MacNab's scoring system. In a group of women aged 51-71 years 93% still have a satisfactory result up to 12 years after their operation. This operation would appear to be a reasonable option in the treatment of hallux valgus in patients with significant pain and deformity as long as they do not have major arthritic changes in the first metatarsophalangeal joint.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis of the patella. Apropos of 3 cases].

Three cases of acute haemotagenous osteomyelitis of the patella in children less than or equal to 9 years of age were reviewed. The purpose of this paper is to report these cases because of the extreme rarity of the location and the direct relationship of blood supply to this sesamoid bone with the involved areas. The treatment followed was surgical and the clinical and radiological results appear to be excellent after 4.8 and 12 years respectively.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1987

Degenerative diseases of the metacarpophalangeal joints.

Degenerative arthritis of the finger metacarpophalangeal joints is uncommon and, when seen, a specific etiology should be sought. MP joint arthritis in the absence of a history of trauma may signal an underlying systemic disease. The clinical and radiographic findings may be subtle. Once degenerative changes occur, the usual treatment is arthroplasty using a flexible silicone rubber (Swanson) finger joint implant that should provide a relatively stable and painless joint with a functional range of motion. Degenerative arthritis of the thumb MP joint is more common following injuries that damage the ligaments on the ulnar or radial side of the MP joint and which result in lateral instability of the joint. Arthritis of the MP joint also may occur following infection or direct joint injury. Secondary MP arthritis may result from thumb CMC joint disease and must be attended to at the time CMC joint reconstruction is performed. Degenerative disease of the thumb sesamoid bones must be considered in patients with persistent MP joint pain after either trauma or MP joint fusion.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1983

Sensory nerve conduction velocities in forelimb of ponies.

Normal nerve conduction velocity values in 10 ponies were determined for sensory nerve fibers in the median and ulnar nerves. A percutaneous signal-averaging technique was developed and used. Medial and lateral palmar digital nerves on the abaxial surface of the proximal sesamoid bones were used as the sites for percutaneous stimulation, whereas recording sites included the medial and lateral palmar nerves just distal to the carpus and the median and ulnar nerves in the middle of the radius. Sensory nerve conduction velocities can be evaluated simply and clinically in the limbs of horses, using percutaneous signal-averaging techniques.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1981

Radiographic detection and characterization of palmar lesions in the equine fetlock joint.

Subchondral lesions were identified in the distal palmar region of the third metacarpus in 21 fetlock joints of 15 Thoroughbred horses. The lesions were more commonly identified on the lateromedial and flexed lateral projection, with the flexed lateral projection permitting optimal visualization of the lesion. Lesions appeared as poorly marginated, radiolucent defects and were located at the level of the base of the proximal sesamoid bones. The shape and distribution of the radiolucent defects were: crescent, 4; flattened, 4; shallow concavity, 5; deep concavity, 3; oval, 3; and circular, 2. Secondary joint disease was commonly identified in joints with these lesions and was more severe when the lesions increased in size and were irregular at the subchondral bony surface. Three horses with the palmar lesions were rested and re-examined after 16, 40, or 56 weeks. The lesions appeared smaller and less distinct on a subsequent examination for 2 horses, but the degree of secondary joint disease had increased in all 3 horses. Identification of palmar lesions when small seems important for the successful return of the Thoroughbred to racing soundness.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Intermittent loading induces the expression of 3-B-3(-) epitope in cultured bovine articular cartilage.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of intermittent loading on the proteoglycans synthesized in intact cultured articular cartilage. METHODS: Sesamoid bones carrying articular cartilage were subjected to cyclic loading in vitro for one week. A new procedure to fix and decalcify the tissue was developed and an immunohistochemical analysis of the expression of 3-B-3(-) epitope in the articular cartilage was carried out. The proteoglycans synthesized were quantified and studied using CL-2B chromatography. RESULTS: Loading induced an increase in the synthesis of aggrecan molecules, which were larger and less polydisperse than those from control cartilage. Loading also induced the expression of 3-B-3(-) epitopes on newly synthesized proteoglycans. CONCLUSION: These changes are similar to those found in early experimental and human osteoarthritis (OA). More variables must be studied, but our results suggest that our model might be suitable to study early events in the onset of OA.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Surgical excision of an os talus secundarius: a case report.

Os talus secundarius is a relatively rare developmental abnormality of the talus; it is characterized by its location on the lateral aspect of the talus. This secondarily developed talus dramatically limits the range of motion of the ankle and subtalar joints. Differential diagnosis between talus secundarius and talus accessorius can usually be made radiographically. Talus secundarius secures itself to the lateral body of the talus by either a synchondrosis or synostosis and usually forms a set of articulations with the fibula, the superior lateral surface of the calcaneus, and a portion of the body of the true talus. Talus accessorius, however, is usually on the medial side of the talus and may form in the deltoid ligament. Talus accessorius is similar to the intercalary sesamoid bone between the external malleolus and the talus.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Influence of radiographically detectable orthopedic changes on racing performance in standardbred trotters.

The tarsocrural, metacarpophalangeal, and metatarsophalangeal joints of 753 Standardbred yearlings were radiographed. On the basis of radiographic findings, the horses were allotted into 4 groups. Group-1 horses had osteochondrosis in the tarsocrural joints. Group-2 horses had palmar/plantar bony fragments in the metacarpo- and metatarsophalangeal joints. Group-3 horses had radiographic changes in the metacarpo- and metatarsophalangeal joint region, such as bony fragments located at the dorsoproximal end of the proximal phalanx, osteochondrosis of the sagittal ridge of the third metacarpus/metatarsus, ununited proximoplantar tuberosity of the proximal phalanx, or nonarticular, osteolytic and productive changes in the proximal sesamoid bones. Group-4 horses did not have radiographic changes. The number of race starts and race earnings (categorized) of the horses in groups 1, 2, and 3 were compared with those of the horses in group 4, using a multivariate regression analysis. Horses in groups 1, 2, and 3 had significantly fewer starts and somewhat lower earnings compared with the horses in group 4.

Animals↗