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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) production in staphylococcal infections and serological implications with patients and healthy controls.

TSST-1 production occurred in 4.6% among Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from divergent clinical sources in South-West Hungary. Patients suffering from staphylococcal infections, whether or not harbouring TSST-1 positive strains, exhibited low anti TSST-1 titres in their acute phase sera compared to the healthy control population. A S. aureus strain isolated from toxic shock syndrome (TSS) was a high collagen binder and a low fibronectin and fibrinogen binder suggesting the role of connective tissue adhesion in colonization and low invasive property of TSS strains.

Bacterial Toxins↗
PubMed2004

Suppression of drug-resistant Staphylococcal Infections by the quorum-sensing inhibitor RNAIII-inhibiting peptide.

Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis are major causes of infection related to biofilm formed on indwelling medical devices. Such infections are common causes of morbidity and mortality and, because of biofilm resistance to antibiotics, are difficult to treat. The RNAIII-inhibiting peptide (RIP) (YSPWTNF-NH2) inhibits the pathogenesis of staphylococci by disrupting bacterial cell-cell communication (known as "quorum sensing"). Using a vascular-graft rat model, we show that RIP, applied locally and systemically, can completely inhibit drug-resistant S. aureus and S. epidermidis biofilms. The present study provides the first direct demonstration that interfering with cell-cell communication by use of a quorum-sensing inhibitor can eliminate medical device-associated staphylococcal infections. We suggest that medical devices could be coated with RIP to prevent infections, including those by antibiotic-resistant staphylococcal strains.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Staphylococcal infections in a hemodialysis unit.

Experience with Staphylococcus aureus infections in a hemodialysis unit in which arteriovenous fistulas were used routinely for dialysis is reviewed, including an epidemic involving multiple bacteriophage types. Most infections involved the fistula site and were associated with bacteremia, although bacteremia without an obvious fistula infection did occur. Despite recurrent bacteremia, endocarditis was not documented, and patients did not develop teichoic acid antibodies as measured by an immunodiffusion technique. Patients with fistula infections responded to antibiotic therapy and did not require removal of the fistula except in two patients whose fistulas ruptured. Patients with shunt infections had to have their shunts removed to control infection. The epidemic developed after the hemodialysis unit was moved into a larger area to facilitate an increasing number of patients and after diabetic patients were admitted to the dialysis program. Both autoinfection and cross-infection contributed to the epidemic, which resolved with improvements in aseptic techniques. A culture survey indicated that the nasal carriage of staphylococci was not unusually high during the epidemic. This report emphasizes that staphylococcal infections remain a problem in continually changing hospital environments.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1978

[Stimulating effect of prodigiozan on nonspecific reactivity in typhoid fever, dysentery and staphylococcal infection].

A number of factors of nonspecific reactivity, i.e. complement, lysozyme, properdin, blood serum bactericidal activity, leucocyte phagocytal activity, phagocytal index and completed phagocytosis were studied on 160 guinea pigs with experimental typhoid fever, dysentery and staphylococcal infections. The data of the study showed that with the use of prodigiozan the non-specific reactivity of the host increased even within a short period of time. At the same time the pathological changes in the internal organs in their histochemical investigation decreased.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Prospective analysis of coagulase-negative staphylococcal infection in hospitalized infants.

Coagulase-negative staphylococci are the major cause of late-onset nosocomial neonatal sepsis. We prospectively examined all infants less than 6 months of age hospitalized at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia from whom at least one of two or more blood cultures grew coagulase-negative staphylococci. We considered as infections only those episodes in which multiple blood cultures grew identical isolates. Among 59 episodes that yielded specimens meeting study criteria, 25 were considered infection and 34 contamination. Cultures from infected infants yielded significantly higher numbers of coagulase-negative staphylococci than cultures representing contamination (p = 0.001). Infected infants were more likely to have central venous lines (p = 0.009), and to have received any parenteral nutrition (p = 0.002) or lipids (0.017). Hematologic values were not helpful in distinguishing between infected and uninfected infants. Isolates representing true infection were not different from contaminants in the frequency of positivity for putative virulence phenotypes. Our data corroborate previous studies indicating risk factors and predictors of coagulase-negative staphylococcal infection.

Bacteremia↗
PubMed1986

Cephalosporins, vancomycin, aminoglycosides and other drugs, especially in combination, for the treatment of methicillin-resistant staphylococcal infections.

Methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS) have become major nosocomial pathogens during the last decade. The infections caused by these organisms occur predominantly in intensive care units, where extensive use of antibiotics takes place. Because of their multiresistant nature, these microorganisms frequently pose difficult therapeutic problems. Emergence of resistance during single-drug therapy further complicates the management of these infections. The use of combination therapy provides theoretically, at least, an answer to some of these difficulties; however, in-vitro and experimental studies need to be confirmed by adequately-controlled clinical trials. Aminoglycosides occasionally may play an important role as companion drugs for cephalosporins or vancomycin in the management of MRS infections. Other drugs such as rifampicin, teicoplanin, fluoroquinolones, and imipenem are to be more extensively investigated, as single-drug therapy or part of a combination regimen, for these difficult staphylococcal infections.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Adult purpura fulminans associated with staphylococcal infection and administration of colony-stimulating factors.

Purpura fulminans (PF) is a rare syndrome of progressive haemorragic necrosis due to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and dermal vascular thrombosis leading to purpura and tissue necrosis. PF is more often associated with either a benign infection or a severe sepsis. Rarely, it has been related to drug intake. We report the case of a 24-year-old female patient who suffered from staphylococcal sepsis and pancytopenia, for which she was treated with antibiotics, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte/macrophage CSF (GM-CSF). Two days after the last GM-CSF dose, she developed widespread necrotic plaques with erythematous borders and purpura in the breast, arms and legs. Coagulation tests indicated DIC and a skin biopsy showed fibrin thrombi in the superficial dermal vessels. The patient totally recovered after removal of the necrotic tissues and application of skin autografts. Although staphylococcal infection was most probably involved in the development of PF, a role of CSF cannot be excluded in this case.

Adult↗