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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Cocaine, social behavior, and alcohol-solution drinking in monkeys.

Eight group-living male monkeys received cocaine (0 to 3.0 mg/kg) individually or as a group. Cocaine suppressed social affiliative behaviors, eating, and drinking (of both alcohol and control solutions). It induced bizarre stereotypies, hypervigilance, panic-like fleeing, enhancement and then suppression of locomotion, and a seizure. Cocaine had little effect on aggressiveness or sexual behavior. Proportion of time spent lying or sitting changed significantly. Cocaine produced severe behavioral abnormality in this social setting.

Agonistic Behavior↗
PubMed1966

Lemur social behavior and primate intelligence.

Our human intellect has resulted from an enormous leap in capacity above the level of monkeys and apes. Earlier, though, Old and New World monkeys' intelligence outdistanced that of other mammals, including the prosimian primates. This first great advance in intelligence probably was selected through interspecific competition on the large continents. However, even at this early stage, primate social life provided the evolutionary context of primate intelligence. Two arguments support this conclusion. One is ontogenetic: modern monkeys learn so much of their social behavior, and learn their behavior toward food and toward other species through social example. The second is phylogenetic: some prosimians, the social lemurs, have evolved the usual primate type of society and social learning without the capacity to manipulate objects as monkeys do. It thus seems likely that the rudiments of primate society preceded the growth of primate intelligence, made it possible, and determined its nature.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Social behavior of 5 to 7-year-old children at risk as newborn infants with special reference to parental child-rearing behavior].

A questionnaire was used to investigate the social behaviour of 168 5-7 year olds, who as neonates had been at risk for developing psychomotor disturbances, and the educational behaviour of their parents. 52 six year olds with an uneventful perinatal period formed the control group. Sociodemographic data did not differ between the two groups. The basic tendency of the children's temperament ( liveliness vs. calmness ) during the first year was similar in both groups. Achievement of developmental milestones (gross motor activity, language, bladder and bowel control) was reached at similar age. The parents' educational behaviour did not differ. The social behaviour of the children at risk, as judged by the inhibited or aggressive behaviour, was also equal to the controls. The psychomotor development of the same population of children had been found to be normal in most cases at age 3-42 (mean 15) months ( Schweiz . med. Wschr . 109, 215 [1979]). According to the present study, this risk population of newborns also showed normal social behaviour.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2006

Breeding-context-dependent relationships between song and cFOS labeling within social behavior brain regions in male European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris).

Male European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) sing throughout the year, but the social factors that motivate singing behavior differ depending upon the context in which song is produced. In a non-breeding context (when testosterone concentrations are low), starlings form large, mixed-sex flocks and song is involved in flock cohesion and perhaps maintenance of social hierarchies. In contrast, in a breeding context (when testosterone concentrations are high), male song plays a direct role in mate attraction. How the nervous system ensures that song production occurs in an appropriate context in response to appropriate stimuli is not well understood. The song control system regulates song production, learning, and, to some extent, perception; however, these nuclei do not appear to regulate the social context in which song is produced. A network of steroid hormone sensitive nuclei of the basal forebrain and midbrain regulates social behavior. The present study used the immediate early gene cFOS to explore possible involvement of these regions in context-dependent song production. Numbers of cFOS-labeled cells in the medial bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, anterior hypothalamus, and ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus related positively only to song produced in a breeding context. In contrast, numbers of cFOS-labeled cells in three zones of the lateral septum related positively only to song produced in a non-breeding context. Taken together, these data suggest differential regulation of male starling song by social behavior nuclei depending upon the breeding context in which it is produced.

Animals↗
PubMed1971

Social behavior of monkeys selectively depleted of monoamines.

Initiated social interactions of Macaca speciosa are decreased during the period of treatment with alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine, an inhibitor of catecholamine synthesis. The treated animals maintained stable body weights and appeared to be healthy. Similar depletion of indoleamines with p-chlorophenylalanine does not change these same observed behaviors in spite of weight loss, hair loss, ataxia, and debilitation in some of the animals.

Aggression↗
PubMed1987

A conditional approach to dispositional constructs: the local predictability of social behavior.

A conditional approach to dispositions is developed in which dispositional constructs are viewed as clusters of if-then propositions. These propositions summarize contingencies between categories of conditions and categories of behavior rather than generalized response tendencies. A fundamental unit for investigating dispositions is therefore the conditional frequency of acts that are central to a given behavior category in circumscribed situations, not the overall frequency of behaviors. In an empirical application of the model, we examine how people's dispositional judgments are linked to extensive observations of targets' behavior in a range of natural social situations. We identify categories of these social situations in which targets' behavior may be best predicted from observers' dispositional judgements, focusing on the domains of aggression and withdrawal. One such category consists of subjectively demanding or stressful situations that tax people's performance competencies. As expected, children judged to be aggressive or withdrawn were variable across situations in dispositionally relevant behaviors, but they diverged into relatively predictable aggressive and withdrawn actions in situations that required the social, self-regulatory, and cognitive competencies they lacked. Implications of the conditional approach for personality assessment and person perception research are considered.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1990

Maternal beliefs about adaptive and maladaptive social behaviors in normal, aggressive, and withdrawn preschoolers.

The purpose of this study was to compare mothers of normal, aggressive, and anxious-withdrawn preschoolers with regard to their beliefs about how socially competent behaviors are learned and their beliefs concerning the origins of two types of maladaptive behaviors--aggression and withdrawal. 121 mothers of 4-year olds were questioned about how they think social skills are acquired. They were also presented with descriptions of hypothetical incidents of peer-directed aggression and social withdrawal and asked what they would do about these behaviors, how they would feel about them, and how they would explain them. Children's social behaviors were observed during free play and rated by their teachers. A norm-based multitargeting procedure was used that resulted in the identification of 10 highly aggressive children, 6 highly withdrawn children, and 60 children who were average in social adaptation. Results indicated that mothers of withdrawn children were more likely than mothers of average children to believe that social skills should best be taught in a directive manner and that maladaptive behaviors should be responded to in a high-powered, coercive fashion. These mothers were also more likely than mothers of average children to indicate that they would feel guilty and embarrassed by displays of maladaptive behavior, and they attributed these behaviors to dispositional factors. Mothers of aggressive children suggested highly directive strategies to teach social skills, but were more laissez-faire than mothers of average and withdrawn children in their reactions to maladaptive behaviors.

Aggression↗
PubMed2003

The silence of the library: environment, situational norm, and social behavior.

On the basis of the idea that situational norms are mentally represented as associations between environments and normative behavior, it was proposed that an environment can automatically direct normative behavior. More specifically, when situational norms are well-established (e.g., when entering the library, one should be silent), an environment is capable of automatically activating mental representations of normative behavior and the behavior itself. In these experiments, participants were exposed to pictures of environments, and effects on accessibility of representations of normative behavior and on actual behavior were assessed. Results indicated that representations of behavior and actual behavior itself are activated automatically when (a) goals to visit the environment are active and (b) strong associations between environment and normative behavior are established.

Affect↗
PubMed2002

Measurement of risk and protective factors for drug use and anti-social behavior among high school students in South Africa.

The study sought to examine, for South African adolescents: 1) the reliability of sub-scales of the Communities that Care Youth Survey (CTC Youth Survey) of risk and protective factors for drug use and anti-social behavior; and 2) the extent to which tobacco, alcohol and marijuana use can be predicted from community, family, school, and peer-individual factors based on sub-scales of the CTC Youth Survey. On two occasions, 92 male and 31 female, Grade 8 and 11 students completed measures concerning: 1) their past month tobacco, alcohol and marijuana use; and 2) various community, family, school, and peer-individual factors. Cronbach alpha coefficients of sub-scales of the questionnaire ranged between .60 and .94. Kappa values were at least moderate (above .40) on 19 sub-scales, and on the remaining sub-scales observed agreement levels ranged between .49 and .94. Each domain predicted tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use. Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that alcohol use was most strongly accounted for by the peer domain, tobacco use by the school domain, and marijuana use by the peer and community domains. The findings support use of the CTC Youth Survey, with slight revisions, among South African high school students.

Adolescent↗