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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Rabbit alveolar macrophages after inhalation of soluble cadmium, cobalt, and copper: a comparison with the effects of soluble nickel.

Rabbits were exposed to aerosols of chlorides of cadmium, copper, and cobalt (0.4-0.6 mg/m3 as metal) for 1 month (5 days/weeks and 6 hr/day). The effects of alveolar macrophages were compared with earlier reported effects of nickel chloride (0.3 mg/m3 as Ni). Effects of Cd2+ exposure resembled those of Ni2+ exposure. The number of macrophages in lavage fluid and the variance of cell diameters were thus increased and many cells contained lamellated inclusions. Contrary to macrophages from Ni2+-exposed rabbits, the surface of about 50% of the cells had cytoplasmic blebs. However, such cells were rarely seen by scanning electron microscopy. There were significantly more polymorphonucleated neutrophils and small lymphocytes, suggesting lung parenchymal damage. Cells from Cd2+-exposed animals, like cells from Ni2+-exposed ones, showed an increased oxidative metabolic activity after stimulation with Escherichia coli bacteria. Bactericidal capacity, on the other hand, tended to be enhanced rather than decreased, as in the nickel experiment. After CO2+ exposure, the number of macrophages was slightly increased in the lavage fluid and the cells showed an increased metabolic activity both at rest and upon stimulation with bacteria. Cu2+ exposure gave a slight increase in lamellated inclusions in the macrophages.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1994

Assessment of three methods of evaluating soluble class I HLA molecules in cell culture supernatants and serum samples from the second international workshop on soluble human leukocyte antigens.

Three methodologies were compared in assessing sHLA specificities in cell culture supernatants and serum specimens from the Second International Workshop on sHLA: CDC inhibition, FC inhibition, and cellular ELISA inhibition. Initially, the CDC inhibition assay used polyclonal antisera in commercial HLA-phenotyping trays to confirm known specificities and screen for unknown specificities in 31 specimens. Although partly successful, critical limits were imposed by the variable antiserum titers. Thus, using pools of these same antisera and renal transplant recipient antisera, the FC inhibition assay was employed to determine the endpoint serum titers before confirming the known sHLA specificities. Of 25 specimens, four were not confirmed and five gave weak inhibitory reactions. The cellular ELISA inhibition assay, incorporating patient sera and mAbs toward three HLA, successfully confirmed all three known specificities in eight selected workshop specimens. Each methodology had advantages and disadvantages, but all three methods were successful in detecting and identifying sHLA class I specificities. Success, however, was dependent on the initial characterization (specificity and titer) and titration to end point (appropriate for each method's sensitivity) of each antibody preparation.

Cells, Cultured↗