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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

[En bloc ligation of the thoracic duct in twelve dogs with idiopathic chylothorax].

Twelve dogs with idiopathic chylothorax were treated by en bloc ligation of the thoracic duct. Six dogs recovered completely. Minimal follow-up in this group was 12 months. Five dogs were euthanized within 5 months of surgery because of persisting liquothorax: two with chylous and three with non-chylous effusions. One dog was euthanized 2 months after surgery because of a recurrence of dyspnoea. It is concluded that the results are comparable with those of a previously described surgical treatment; however, the technique described here is less complicated because it does not require mesenteric lymphangiography.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Thoracic duct in CT (author's transl)].

After an anatomical and anatomo-radiological introduction, the authors describe the morphological aspect of the thoracic duct examined by means of lymphangiography performed during computed tomographic examinations.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

[Anlage of the initial part of the thoracic duct in human embryogenesis].

Canalization of the jugular lymphatic sac is accompanied with disengagement from the blood stream of the thoracic subcardinal and the thoracic parts of the superior mesocardinal veins, forming the paired thoracic anlage of the thoracic duct (ThD). Canalization of the retroperitoneal lymphatic sac (RLS) is combined with differentiation of the antevertebral plexus of the abdominal veins, formation of the ThD cistern. Lateroaortal, retrocaval and retroaortal lumbar trunks (LT) become its roots. Together with RLS and the ThD cistern they form the lymphatic "muff" around the abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava. The degree of its parts separation and its substitution by collaterals of LT and by lymph nodes determines the variants of the definitive organization of the ThD initial part. Already at the stage of anlage the intestinal trunk is not included in the ThD root system, but serves as the RLS anterior tributary, or its lumbar, preaortic tributary.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1980

Effects of massive intestinal resection and splenectomy on portal pressure and thoracic duct lymph. An experimental study.

The effect of massive intestinal resection (MIR) alone and when combined with splenectomy, on portal pressure and thoracic duct lymph (TDL) flow, and protein content, was experimentally studied in a series of 12 dogs with created presinusoidal portal obstruction. MIR was associated with a significant drop in the portal pressure and TDL flow, and significant increase in TDL protein content. When splenectomy was added, more reduction of the portal pressure and TDL flow was obtained. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to the hemo- and lymphodynamic changes in presinusoidal portal obstruction.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Inability of thoracic duct drainage to prevent hyperacute rejection.

Serum and lymph albumin and Ig levels were measured during 6 weeks of lymphocyte depletion by thoracic duct drainage (TDD) in 21 patients prior to renal allotransplantation. In ten of these patients, the amount of protein lost from all sources (blood sampling, dialysis, and lymph centrifugation) was measured. The total amount of albumin lost was significantly greater than the amount of IgG lost. However, serum IgG declined at a faster rate and to a greater extent than albumin. Hyperacute or acute humoral rejection occurred in 14 grafts in 10 patients prepared by TDD despite negative crossmatch tests. These data suggest that removal of lymphocytes by TDD, rather than protein loss alone, affects IgG levels. On the other hand, TDD and IgG depletion do not prevent hyperacute or acute humoral rejection. This is most likely due to the inability of currently employed crossmatch tests to predict accurately which patients will manifest antibody-mediated graft rejection.

Drainage↗
PubMed1990

Surgical treatment of bilateral chylothorax due to benign lymphangioma of the thoracic duct.

We present a female patient in whom after an 8-year history of recurrent bilateral pleural effusions, a benign lymphangioma of the thoracic duct was diagnosed and successfully treated by ligation of the duct, resection of the tumour and simultaneous decortication of the right pleural space and lung. This observation supports surgical intervention in this condition even in patients of advanced age.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Thoracic duct lymph flow: a comparative study in newborn and adult sheep.

To understand better developmental changes in body fluid dynamics, we studied thoracic duct lymph flow in 9 newborn and 5 adult sheep. The experiments were carried out under general anaesthesia following bilateral ligation of the renal vessels and ureters. After a 30 min control period, we administered three successive 5-min intravenous infusions of isotonic saline equivalent to 2% of body weight each, at 30-min intervals. The average basal lymph flow rate was 0.157 +/- 0.033 (SEM) ml.min-1.kg-1 and 0.046 +/- 0.018 ml.min-1.kg-1 in newborns and adults respectively (p less than 0.05). Fluid overloading resulted into similar intravascular retentions at the end of each 30-min period in both groups although the increase in lymph flow was repeatedly more than three times higher in the newborns. The more pronounced lymph flow response in the newborns could not be accounted for only on the basis of a difference in capillary filtration. We speculate that interstitial forces and/or the lymphatic pumping activity play a greater role in facilitating fluid movements in the newborn lamb than in the adult ewe. Overall, the higher capacity of the newborn to eliminate excess interstitial fluid constitutes a significant factor in the body's defense against oedema.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

Suppressor cells in the thoracic duct lymph of tolerant, spleen-grafted rats.

Vascularized spleen allografts between two different inbred rat strains induce specific transplantation tolerance in vivo. Thoracic duct lymphocytes isolated from tolerant rats exhibited notable nonresponsiveness to donor stimulator cells in the mixed lymphocyte reaction. In-vitro co-culture experiments indicate that this nonresponsiveness reflects the activity of both specific and nonspecific suppressor cells. Since suppressor cells are present in tolerant animals, it is possible that the suppressor cells play an important role in maintaining spleen-induced transplantation tolerance.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Studies on the immunochemical composition of human thoracic duct lymph of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and polymyositis.

Analysis of immunoglobulins, autoantibodies and third component of complement was carried out on the thoracic duct lymph of 6 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 2 patients with polymyositis. It was found that the distribution of these immunoproteins between lymph and serum reflected the distribution of total protein and did not appear to be dependent on molecular size. There was no significant difference in the distribution of the macromolecule IgM as compared to the other immunoglobulins. IgD was an exception with an unanticipated and unexplained lower concentration in lymph and higher serum to lymph ratio when compared to the other immunoglobulins.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Effects of single cyclophosphamide doses on the kinetics of thoracic duct lymph and blood leukocytes in calves.

After 5 or 20 mg cyclophosphamide per kg body weight, given once i.v., the output in thoracic duct lymph of small and large lymphoid cells, cells incorporating [3H]lymidine in vitro, mitotic cells, pyknotic cells, and/or the number of lymphocytes and neutrophils in peripheral blood were measured in six calves. The median grain count of labeled cells and the DNA content of pyknotic nucleic were determined. After both doses there was an exponential decrease and subsequent recovery of the median grain count. The larger dose caused a temporary cessation of lymphoid cell division, reduced the output of nondividing small lymphoid cells, and probably imparied proliferation of neutrophil precursors. The results suggest that increased cell production during recovery was due to changes in the growth fraction and that feedback mechanisms acting on G0-G1 cells controled the proliferation of lymphoid cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Thoracoscopic ligation of a thoracic duct leakage.

A patient in whom a chylothorax developed 4 years after treatment of a soft-tissue sarcoma by resection and radiotherapy is described. The thoracic duct leak could be identified and closed by thoracoscopic intervention.

Chylothorax↗
PubMed1980

[Coagulation properties of the extravascular fluid. II. Components of the fibrinolytic system in thoracic-duct lymph].

Only little is known about the activity of the fibrinolytic factors outside the vascular space. Therefore fibrinolytic activity was measured in blood and thoracic duct lymph of dogs. The results are summarised as follows: With regards to the fibrinolytic rates, the extravascular spaces take on a special position: There is a profibrinolytical total constellation.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Identification of lymphatic vessels by using a monoclonal antibody specific for the human thoracic duct.

Light microscopic identification of lymphatic vessels of the human small intestine was studied immuno-histochemically with a monoclonal antibody specific for human thoracic duct (mAb-D) and rabbit anti-human laminin antibody (anti-L). Two types of vessels were observed with anti-L; one strongly reacted with regularly outlined vessels and the other weakly reacted with irregularly outlined vessels and thin walls. Immunoreactivity to mAb-D was strong in the weakly reacting vessels, and the strongly reacting vessels did not react to mAb-D. Immunoreactivity of lymphatic vessels to anti-L has been reported to be weaker than that of the blood vessels; only irregularly outlined vessels which were weakly immunostained with anti-L reacted to mAb-D and no cross-reaction to mAb-D was observed in the regularly outlined vessels. This indicates that the vessels strongly reacting with anti-L are blood vessels and the vessels immunostained with mAb-D must be lymphatics. The study shows that it is possible to identify lymphatic vessels light microscopically by mAb-D. This method will be useful in studying the fine distribution of lymphatic vessels in normal tissue and also in pathological tissue such as metastasis of malignant tumors.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Characterization of a cell population in thoracic duct lymph that adoptively transfers rejection of adult Trichinella spiralis to normal rats.

In Trichinella spiralis-infected rats, a population of cells in thoracic duct lymph (TDL) that can adoptively transfer protection to naive rats was identified and characterized. During the course of T. spiralis infection, blast cells appeared in lymph from Day 3-4, and only Day 3-4 TDL cells had protective properties after transfer. Protection was evident in a 1-2-day increase in the slow rejection of adult worms beginning 8-9 days after the challenge infection. The minimum number of TDL cells capable of transferring protection was 1.8 X 10(8) cells. Transferred cells could protect against a challenge infection with adult worms alone. A double cross-over experiment demonstrated that major histocompatibility complex identity was essential for effective transfer of protection (MHC restriction). An experiment using the mitotic inhibitor vinblastine showed that the protective cells belonged to a dividing cell population. The phenotype of the protective TDL was confirmed by a two-step cell separation procedure. First, it was demonstrated that surface Ig- cells (T cells) separated by affinity chromatography could transfer protection. Second, these surface Ig- cells were divided into two subpopulations by panning using monoclonal antibodies OX-8 and W3/25. The results showed that W3/25+ or OX-8- cells (T-helper) were effective in transferring protection. Protection was only seen when rats adoptively transferred with cells were challenged 1 day after cell transfer.

Animals↗