SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Thinking”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources

PubMed1997

Innovation in nursing education: development of computer-assisted thinking.

In order to enhance students' active thinking, faculty members at International University of Health and Welfare developed the CAT (Computer Assisted Thinking) program. The CAT program is different from CAI (Computer Assisted Instruction), which mainly asks users to choose correct answers. Instead, the CAT program asks users to type in short sentences. There are two functions in the CAT program: one is to keep the students' action log each time they use the program and the other is to serve as medical dictionary. An analysis of the action log revealed that the students demonstrated little skill in inferential thinking. Their observations were very concrete. In order to help the students to develop their abstract thinking skills, we need to review our curriculum.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Breaking the quality barrier: critical thinking and conflict resolution.

Breaking the quality barrier requires case manages to possess the skills of critical thinking and conflict resolution. After a brief focus on habits that create barriers to critical thinking, a critical thinking assessment is offered. Strategies for critical thinking and how to create a culture of openness and flexibility are discussed. Critical thinkers bring to conflict situations skills that foster win-win conflict resolution. An example is used to discuss the skills of assertiveness and negotiation. An example is given that demonstrates how to deal with defensiveness by first stating agreement and then disagreement.

Assertiveness↗

PubMed2001

[Analytical study on characteristics of medical thinking in the Sui and Tang dynasties].

The cultural environment of the Sui and Tang dynasties is rather loose, and medical thinking is especially active. The medical thinking of this period has the following characteristics: the thinking of compiling medical books influenced by the idea of Universe Harmony; taking the thinking of stressing human life and health; epistemology of paying attention to practice and perception; methodology with the tendency of analytical and integrative methods; ambivalent viewpoint in ghosts and gods, and destiny.

China↗

PubMed2002

Academic achievement and creative thinking capacity in South African medical students--an empirical study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the capacity for creative thinking among medical students is related to academic advancement. DESIGN, SETTING, SUBJECTS, OUTCOME MEASURES: A timed word-association test standardised and scored to assess the tendency for creative thinking was administered to 22 development programme students at the University of Cape Town. Results were compared with grades at the end of the academic year. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant association (P < 0.05) between ranking in the upper half of the group and creative thinking scores, indicating that creative thinking may be an asset in medical education for educationally disadvantaged students.

Achievement↗

PubMedDate not supplied

An evaluation of Think First Saskatchewan: a head and spinal cord injury prevention program.

OBJECTIVES: To identify youth behaviour with regards to injury prevention, to assess the awareness of severity and susceptibility to brain and spinal cord injury, and to evaluate the impact of the Think First Saskatchewan school visit program on students' knowledge of brain and spinal cord injury prevention. METHODS: A controlled, pre- and post-test design, self-report questionnaire was administered to 1,257 grade 6 and 7 students. Descriptive statistics and chi-square were used for data analysis. P-values less than 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS: Saskatchewan youth participate in activities that put them at risk for brain and spinal cord injury. The Think First Saskatchewan school visit program statistically improved self-reported knowledge of the students receiving the Think First message. DISCUSSION: Think First Saskatchewan is a brain and spinal cord injury prevention program that significantly improves youth knowledge pertaining to injury prevention. Further evaluation of the program to include a more delayed survey of retention of knowledge, changes to behaviour, and reduction of brain and spinal cord injury are necessary.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Disordered thinking and cerebral dysfunction: laterality effects, language, and intellectual functions.

This report examines two types of thought disorder, bizarre-idiosyncratic thinking and concreteness, in relation to cerebral impairment and psychotropic medication status. Results do not support lateralized dysfunction as a contributing factor for either form of thought disorder. Relationships between specific areas of neuropsychological deficit and thought disorder indicate that intellectual and arithmetic functions are more closely associated with bizarre-idiosyncratic thinking. Further, there were no specific neuropsychological impairments related to concrete thinking, nor was medication status related to either type of thought disorder. Problem-solving or reasoning affects logical orderly cognitive processes more reliably than it affects abstract thinking. Differences between these findings and other research are discussed from the standpoint of how both types of thought disorder are conceptualized and assessed, and how this may influence clinical indications for the use of psychoactive medications.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1995

Using critical thinking skills to improve medication administration.

Nurses need critical thinking skills to provide competent care. For interventions such as drug administration, a system of critical thinking assists nurses to accomplish tasks safely and efficiently. The use of the "think and apply" model provides nurses with a practical way to integrate critical thinking skills into practice.

Drug Therapy↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Critical thinking and clinical judgment of professional nurses in a career mobility program.

This study's purpose was to establish the impact of a Career Advancement Program on critical thinking and clinical judgment of Registered Nurses. Findings of the study suggest that critical thinking and clinical judgment are not influenced by patterns of upward mobility. Additionally, an analysis did not indicate significant predictors in education, specialty area, or years of nursing experience related to scores. Whereas this study questions the efficacy of career mobility programs on critical thinking and clinical judgment, it does not measure the impact of career advancement programs on other key outcome variables. The study suggests nurse educators emphasize critical thinking and clinical judgment rather than transmission of information in educational offerings.

Career Mobility↗

PubMed1982

Application of the Whitaker Index of Schizophrenic Thinking to a non-english-speaking population.

The Whitaker Index of Schizophrenic Thinking (WIST) is a pencil-and-paper test in two versions: An affectively toned and an affectively neutral version. The WIST is designed to capture various aspects of schizophrenic thinking and to distinguish it from normal cognition. The WIST was developed in the United States for use with an English-speaking population. For the research reported here, conducted in West Germany, the WIST was rendered into German and administered to patients diagnosed as acute (N = 10) and chronic schizophrenic (N = 10) patients and to groups of psychiatric (N = 10) and normal (N = 40) controls. The index values on the WIST differentiated the performance of the two schizophrenic groups from normal controls. Further, acute patients (unlike chronic schizophrenic patients) improved significantly from one test administration to the second. These results replicate WIST definition of schizophrenic thinking, which is based on nonlinguistic, cognitive variables, and the applicability of the WIST for cross-cultural diagnosis are discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1985

Paranoid and nonparanoid schizophrenia: drive dominated thinking and thought pathology at two phases of disorder.

A sample of acutely hospitalized paranoid and nonparanoid schizophrenics and another sample of paranoid and nonparanoid schizophrenics studied at follow-up were compared on measures of cognitive functioning, disordered thinking, and drive dominated thinking using the WAIS, the Rorschach test, the object sorting test, and an overall index of outcome functioning (N = 67). Results suggested that cognitive regression is related more to acute psychological disturbance than to the presence or absence of paranoia, that the presence of socialized drive dominated thinking during the acute phase is related to better posthospital adjustment at follow-up, and that paranoid schizophrenics show better cognitive functioning after the acute phase. Results did not support the theory that suggests an etiological relation between homosexual conflict and paranoia.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Role of magical thinking in obsessive-compulsive symptoms in an undergraduate sample.

Thought action fusion (TAF) is an important presenting feature of many individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). "Magical thinking" is a similar construct (developed within the literature on schizotypy) that may provide a more accurate depiction of difficulties encountered by individuals with OCD. This study seeks to examine relationships between components of magical thinking, TAF, and superstitiousness; establish the extent to which these constructs are independently related to OCD proneness; and establish the extent to which these biased reasoning styles are related to each of the major OCD symptom clusters (e.g., washing, checking). The Padua Inventory (PI), the Maudsley Obsessional-Compulsive Inventory (MOCI), the Magical Ideation Scale (MI), the Lucky Behaviours (Lbeh) and Lucky Beliefs (Lbel) Scales, and the Thought Action Fusion-Revised scale (TAF-R) were given to a cohort of 86 undergraduate students. Of all the measures, the MI scale was found to be the most strongly related to obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Large and significant relationships between MI scores and the two measures of OCD (i.e., MOCI and PI) were obtained even when alternative mediators (i.e., Lbeh, Lbel, TAF-R) were held constant. No other variable remained significantly related to the MOCI or PI when magical ideation scores were held constant. The findings suggest that a general magical thinking tendency may underpin previous observed links between superstitiousness, thought action fusion, and OCD severity.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Development of critical thinking in occupational therapy students.

Do students who use the Guided Reciprocal Peer Questioning (GRPQ) method increase their ability to think critically? When compared to students in a traditional senior seminar course, the results of this study indicated no significant difference between the groups regarding changes in scores on the California Critical Thinking Skills Test. However, the students in the experimental group asked more questions labelled as critical thinking than the seminar control group. These findings suggest the use of the GRPQ may improve students' skills in asking questions that include application, analysis, and synthesis. Future research regarding the role of questions in stimulating critical analysis and the role of context in the learning environment is warranted.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

A p-Adic model for the process of thinking disturbed by physiological and information noise.

We develop a model of the process of thinking in the presence of noise (which is produced by the simultaneous action of a huge number of neurons in the brain as well as by external information and internal cognitive processes). Our model is based on Freud's idea on the splitting of cognitive processes into two (closely connected) domains: consciousness and subconsciousness. We represent the process of thinking as a random dynamical process in a space of ideas endowed with a non-Euclidean geometry (which differs extremely from the ordinary Euclidean geometry of spatial location of neurons in the brain). The so-called p-adic geometry on a space of ideas describes the ability of cognitive systems to form associations. We show that random dynamical thinking systems on a p -adic space of ideas still generate only deterministic ideas. We also study positive and negative effects of noise (in particular, creativeness and stress).

Brain↗

PubMed1999

[Dimensions of bizarre, idiosyncratic thinking. Relationship between thought disorders and affect].

In the present study disorders of thinking were studied in normals, patients with neurotic disorders, borderline patients and both acute and chronic schizophrenics. Disorders of thinking were assessed by the Holtzman Inkblot Technique. By a factor analysis, different dimensions of disordered thinking characteristic of the different diagnostic groups could be identified. Among others two dimensions of schizophrenic thought disorder and one of borderline thought disorder could be identified. This latter dimension showed high correlations with anxiety and hostility. This was true for a dimension of productive schizophrenics thought disorders, but not for a dimension of negative schizophrenics thought disorders.

Acute Disease↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Uncertainty and the difficulty of thinking through disjunctions.

This paper considers the relationship between decision under uncertainty and thinking through disjunctions. Decision situations that lead to violations of Savage's sure-thing principle are examined, and a variety of simple reasoning problems that often generate confusion and error are reviewed. The common difficulty is attributed to people's reluctance to think through disjunctions. Instead of hypothetically traveling through the branches of a decision tree, it is suggested, people suspend judgement and remain at the node. This interpretation is applied to instances of decision making, information search, deductive and inductive reasoning, probabilistic judgement, games, puzzles and paradoxes. Some implications of the reluctance to think through disjunctions, as well as potential corrective procedures, are discussed.

Decision Making↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Critical thinking and the nurse-midwifery management process.

Within recent years, the general educational arena has placed a greater emphasis on the incorporation of critical thinking within student curricula. Critical thinking as a learning tool teaches students the art of reason and logic, and encourages the preparation for dynamic situations that occur outside the classroom. The authors believe that critical thinking and nurse-midwifery are inherently intertwined. To utilize the nurse-midwifery management process in the provision of sound and safe practice, the nurse-midwife must also be a critical thinker. The management process of data gathering, assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation parallels the domains of the critical thinker's process: intellectual standards, modes of reasoning, traits of mind, reasoning abilities, and elements of thought. This article presents similarities between the two models.

Humans↗

PubMed1988

Effects of antidepressants on thinking styles in depressed inpatients.

1. Clinical and empirical evidence point to distorted negative thinking during depressive episodes. 2. The present study, utilizing the Cognitions Questionnaire, examined the thinking styles in depressed inpatients prior to antidepressant pharmacotherapy and again 3-4 weeks after treatment. 3. Across the 5 dimensions of thinking assessed, only generalization across situation changed significantly in the drug-respondent group. 4. While clinically, short-term antidepressant treatment was shown to be efficacious, it only changed cognitions in a limited way.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The relationship of education to critical thinking ability and values among nurses: socialization into professional nursing.

Exposure to faculty is assumed to positively influence critical thinking ability and professional values; therefore, faculty must be assumed to be superior in these characteristics. As a first step toward testing these assumptions, this study used a cross-sectional survey technique to compare critical thinking ability and values in ADN-prepared (n = 32) and BSN-prepared (n = 32) registered nurses, nursing faculty (n = 32), and sophomore college students (n = 32) beginning a baccalaureate degree program in nursing. The critical thinking ability of faculty was not significantly higher than that of sophomore nursing students when the influence of age was controlled statistically. The values of all three groups of nurses were strikingly similar, although faculty valued achievement most highly (P = .0001), while sophomore students valued goal orientation most highly (P = .001). All subjects valued support highly, but only sophomore students valued benevolence highly.

Adolescent↗