SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Video Recording”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources

PubMed2000

Acrosomal status and motility of guinea pig spermatozoa during in vitro penetration of the cumulus oophorus.

Previous studies have suggested that both acrosome-intact and acrosome-reacted guinea pig sperm are capable of binding to the zona pellucida of cumulus-free oocytes, but the acrosomal status of guinea pig sperm during penetration of the cumulus has not been reported. We made video recordings of the interaction between capacitated guinea pig sperm and cumulus-invested guinea pig oocytes. The videotapes were analysed to identify sperm with hyperactivated motility and to classify the acrosomal status of sperm during penetration of the cumulus and after binding to the zona pellucida. The resolution of the video recordings was not sufficient to recognise sperm with swollen acrosomes. However, sperm that had completed the acrosome reaction were easily identified. Acrosome-reacted sperm were found adherent to the outer boundary of the cumulus, but were never observed to penetrate the cumulus. The percentage of acrosome-intact, hyperactivated sperm was higher in the cumulus oophorus than in culture medium, suggesting that changes in motility were elicited in response to contact with the cumulus. Fully acrosome-reacted sperm were found adherent to the zona pellucida, and solubilised guinea pig zona pellucida was capable of inducing acrosome reactions in capacitated guinea pig sperm. Acrosome-intact sperm were also observed on the zona, but they were not tightly bound and did not have hyperactivated motility, suggesting that these sperm were not functionally capacitated. Our observations demonstrate that guinea pig sperm penetrate the cumulus matrix in an acrosome-intact state. Although we did not observe sperm undergoing the acrosome reaction, our observations and experimental data suggest that the acrosome reaction of guinea pig sperm is completed on or near the surface of the zona pellucida.

Acrosome Reaction↗

PubMed1988

Use of a computer to take booking histories in a hospital antenatal clinic. Acceptability to midwives and patients and effects on the midwife-patient interaction.

An interactive computer system was used by midwives to acquire a full patient history at the first antenatal visit. The clinical efficacy of the system had been previously established. The present evaluation examined the effects of computer use on the interview process and on midwife-patient communications, and its acceptability to midwives and patients. Data included video recordings of 32 conventional interviews and of 63 interviews in which the computer was used, each with associated questionnaires assessing patients' reactions. Midwives' views were obtained through a structured discussion session. Computer use had no effects on patients' reactions to the interview, and midwives were enthusiastic. Detailed analysis of the video recordings using established quantitative techniques did not reveal any negative psychologic effects that would preclude the use of nurse-patient interactive computers. However, midwives were inclined to give less information to patients, especially when they were new to the computer, and to use more closed questions and leading questions. The findings have important implications for the future use of similar computer systems. These are presented in the form of guidelines for future systems design and implementation.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

Abnormal perception of food size in anorexia nervosa.

The hypothesis that patients with anorexia nervosa exaggerate the perceived size of food was tested. Video recordings of five items of food and four neutral objects of a similar size were made such that the size of each object increased steadily from half to twice its normal size. Each of the nine objects was placed on a ledge inside a dummy television screen next to the video screen, the food items alternating with the neutral objects, and 20 female patients with anorexia nervosa and 20 female controls matched for age were asked to adjust the size of the video recording to that of the real object. Although there was no overall difference in perceptual accuracy between patients and controls, both groups perceived the food items as being bigger than the neutral objects, the patients exaggerating the size of the food significantly more than the controls. These results imply that patients with anorexia might start eating more easily when admitted if their food were presented as small portions on large plates.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

Within-flock transmission of sheep scab in naive sheep housed with single infested sheep.

The within flock transmission of sheep scab was studied in two trials, which lasted 14 and 12 weeks, respectively. A total of 40 non-infested, scab-naive sheep were divided into six groups of between 6 and 20 individuals. Each group was subsequently housed with a single infested index case, carrying scab lesions of different ages. The groups of sheep in both trials were video recorded continuously and all the sheep were individually examined on a weekly basis. The occurrence of transmission was measured in two ways: first, by the detection of early scab lesions during clinical examination and, second, by an increase in the rubbing of individual sheep as noted from the analysis of the video recordings. These two methods complemented each other in predicting the week on which transmission occurred. Overall, transmission was detected in 34 of the 40 scab-naive sheep. Transmission was shown to occur at about the time when the population of adult mites in lesions on index cases reached their peak numbers. The highest number of mites at this time, however, differed markedly between index sheep. There was no obvious relationship between the incidence of transmission and the time index sheep spent rubbing each day or other index sheep variables, including the age of the lesion or the time since the introduction to the scab free sheep.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Gubernacular discontinuity and abnormal distal fixation in cryptorchidism: Challenging the classical concept.

BACKGROUND: The gubernaculum is essential for testicular descent, but its detailed surgical anatomy remains poorly understood. We have previously identified an unrecognized anatomy of the round ligament in female patients with sliding inguinal hernias. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated whether comparable anatomical features exist in the gubernaculum of male cryptorchidism patients, as compared to those identified in female sliding hernias. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed undescended testes located in the inguinal canal that underwent open inguinal orchidopexy between 2016 and 2025. Laparoscopically managed nonpalpable testes and those with suprascrotal testes were excluded. To ensure consistent anatomical evaluation, a standardized surgical protocol supervised by the senior author was applied to all cases. Findings were verified using operative reports and video recordings. After dissecting the processus vaginalis along the internal spermatic fascia (transversalis fascia), the pars infravaginalis gubernaculi were exposed. The relationship between the plica gubernaculi and pars infravaginalis gubernaculi, as well as the site of distal gubernacular fixation, was assessed. RESULTS: A total of 64 undescended testes of 56 patients were included. Video recordings were available for 45 of these 64 testes (70%). A patent processus vaginalis was observed in 60 out of 64 testes (94%), while it was obliterated in two ascending testes and unknown in two. In all 64 testes (100%), the pars infravaginalis gubernaculi was not continuous with the plica gubernaculi, with the transversalis fascia interposed between them. This configuration closely resembled that described previously for sliding inguinal hernias in women. Distal gubernacular fixation was located lateral to the scrotum in 49 testes (77%), at the upper scrotal border in 14 testes (22%), and absent in one testis (1.6%). DISCUSSION: Cryptorchidism is associated with a previously unrecognized discontinuity of the gubernaculi and common abnormal distal gubernacular fixation. These findings challenge the conventional views on gubernacular invagination and suggest that abnormal distal fixation may contribute to failed testicular descent. The study was limited by its single-center, retrospective design, small sample size, and lack of a control group. CONCLUSION: This study identified a previously unrecognized discontinuity of the gubernaculi in cryptorchidism. These findings deepen the understanding of the pathophysiology of testicular descent.

Humans↗

PubMed2002

How physicians experience patient consultations at an orthopaedic out-patient clinic: a qualitative study.

The aim of this study is to describe physicians' experiences in their encounters with patients by allowing the physicians to observe and comment on their own video-recorded medical consultations. Eighteen orthopaedic surgeons took part in the study; they were informed that we were interested in studying what actually takes place during a consultation, the quality of communication between doctor and patient, and how the physicians themselves experience the consultation. Each time the physician wished to make a comment, the video film was stopped and the comments were taped on audiocassette. The results showed that when the physicians watched the video-recorded consultations they commented spontaneously on issues regarding, among others: (1) how they try to adapt their communication to the patient's situation; (2) the need to explain things to the patient; (3) perceptions of working under unfavourable conditions; (4) difficulties in helping certain patients.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Echolocating bats can use acoustic landmarks for spatial orientation.

We investigated the echolocating bat's use of an acoustic landmark for orientation in a complex environment with no visual information. Three bats of the species Eptesicus fuscus were trained to fly through a hole in a mist net to receive a food reward on the other side. In all experiments, the vocal behavior of the bats was recorded simultaneously using a high-speed video recording system, allowing for a 3D reconstruction of the flight path. We ran three types of experiments, with different spatial relations between the landmark and net hole. In the first experiment, the bat's behavior was studied in test trials with the landmark placed 10 cm to the left of the net opening; between test trials, the positions of the net opening and landmark were moved, but the spatial relationship between the two remained fixed. With the landmark adjacent to the net opening, the bats quickly found the hole. In the second experiment, bats were tested in control trials in which the landmark was moved independently of the hole, breaking the established spatial relationship between the two. In control trials the bats repeatedly crashed into the net next to the landmark, and inspected the area around it. In the final experiment, the landmark was removed altogether from the set-up. Here the bats spent more time per trial searching for the net opening with an increased number of inspections as well as crashes into the net. However, over the course of a test day without the landmark, bats reduced the time spent per trial and focused inspections and crashes around the hole. The behavioral data show for the first time that the echolocating bat can learn to rely on an acoustic landmark to guide spatial orientation.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

[Treatment of spasmodic torticollis with local injections of botulinum toxin A].

Sixty patients (30 men, 30 women, mean age 45.5 [18-71] years) with various forms of spasmodic torticollis were treated with local injections of botulinus A toxin. The results of treatment were assessed on an arbitrary scale (0-4) by the patients, by an examiner and by a neurologist who studied video recordings without knowing at what stage they had been recorded. After the first course of injections (a maximum of three injections of 10-40 ng in four weeks) 50 patients (83%) reported a better than 50% improvement; the mean score on the four point scale fell from 3.6 to 1.85 (P less than 0.001). The severity of the disorder as judged from the video recordings fell from a mean of 3.23 to 1.71 (P less than 0.001). The effect lasted for an average of 14 weeks. 6 patients developed mild dysphagia, in two further cases severe dysphagia occurred which lasted for up to four weeks. Twenty patients were followed up for more than one year: in nine of them the interval between courses of injections, the dose being unaltered, remained the same (12-14 weeks), but thereafter the abnormal movements returned with the same severity as before treatment. In eight patients the intervals between courses grew longer and the abnormal movements became less severe. Two patients have been symptom free for 20 and 13 months respectively, but one female patient failed to respond owing to the presence of antibodies against botulinus A toxin. The results indicate that local injection of botulinus toxin is a successful treatment for spasmodic torticollis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Postpartum maternal oxytocin release by newborns: effects of infant hand massage and sucking.

BACKGROUND: Newborns placed skin-to-skin with their mothers show an inborn sequence of behavior similar to that seen in other mammals. The purpose of this study was to make a detailed exploration of hand movements and sucking behavior in healthy term newborns who were placed skin-to-skin on their mothers' chests, and to study maternal oxytocin release in relation to these behaviors. METHODS: Ten vaginally delivered infants whose mothers had not been exposed to maternal analgesia were video-recorded from birth until the first breastfeeding. Video protocols were developed based on observations of the videotapes. Each infant's hand, finger, mouth, and tongue movements, positions of the hand and body, and sucking behavior were assessed every 30 seconds. Maternal blood samples were collected every 15 minutes, and oxytocin levels were analyzed by radioimmunoassay. A statistical test for establishing the relationship between maternal oxytocin levels and infants' hand movements or sucking behavior was developed. RESULTS: Infants used their hands to explore and stimulate their mother's breast in preparation for the first breastfeeding. A coordinated pattern of infant hand and sucking movements was also identified. When the infants were sucking, the massagelike hand movements stopped and started again when the infants made a sucking pause. Periods of increased massagelike hand movements or sucking of the mother's breast were followed by an increase in maternal oxytocin levels (p < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that the newborns use their hands as well as their mouths to stimulate maternal oxytocin release after birth, which may have significance for uterine contraction, milk ejection, and mother-infant interaction.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

Electromyographic feedback treatment of chronic hemiparesis: an attempt to quantify treatment effects.

The efficacy of electromyographic (EMG) feedback for the treatment of chronic upper extremity hemiparesis was quantitatively assessed through a series of objective and standardized tests of motor skills given to 12 stroke patients before and after treatment. In addition to standardized tests, video recordings of patient performance during simple motor tasks were made before and after EMG feedback training to permit subjective ratings of patient performance. Only six patients were able to perform the standardized tests of motor skills in a way permitting meaningful evaluation of results, and their test scores showed no significant improvement after treatment. Ratings of the video records by 37 independent physical therapists showed that some improvement of gross motor performance could be observed at the level of subjective global evaluation.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Reproducibility of a method for analysis of morphological changes in perioral soft tissue in children using video cameras.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the appropriate reference facial expression and to examine the reproducibility of our system using two commercially available video cameras in consideration of functional diagnosis of perioral muscles. The following items were investigated: 1) influence of forward and backward movements and the experiment sequence from measurement to analysis, 2) usefulness of head fixation by a restraining device during video recording for evaluation of morphological changes in facial expression, 3) conditions for establishment of reference points for determination of movements of perioral soft tissue, and 4) reproducibility of perioral soft tissue movements as assessed by changes in landmarks. The results of this study showed that accurate static and dynamic evaluation of perioral soft tissue is possible by using our method of video recording with the subject's head restrained and our method of analysis. The results also showed that centric occlusion of the most appropriate reference facial expression as for measurement of perioral soft tissue movements and that protrusion of the lips and lateral extension of the angel of the mouth are facial expressions with high degrees of reproducibility.

Child, Preschool↗

PubMed1998

An examination of the effects of gentle teaching on people with complex learning disabilities and challenging behaviour.

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of gentle teaching when compared with individual educational programming (IEP) for a group of people with complex learning disabilities and challenging behaviour. DESIGN: An A-B design was used, in which gentle teaching was introduced as an addition to the IEP procedures already in place. Other designs, such as reversal, multiple baseline or group comparisons would have been impractical in this clinical setting. METHODS: Thirteen students and seven staff were observed, using a hand-held computer for direct observations, and video-recordings for measures of interaction. Staff attitudes to gentle teaching and to the IEP system were also assessed. The intervention was systematic workshop-based training in gentle teaching for all staff. Measures were taken pre-intervention for 13 weeks and post-intervention for 23 weeks. Approximately 45 hours of direct observational data and over 50 hours of video-recording were analysed. RESULTS: We found very few effects of gentle teaching. Wherever there were differences between gentle teaching and IEP these were in favour of gentle teaching, although they were generally relatively minor in terms of clinical (rather than statistical) significance. Inter-rater reliabilities were generally poor, although the figures for those categories where there was a difference between gentle teaching and IEP were amongst the most respectable. CONCLUSIONS: Gentle teaching did not have a major impact on staff behaviour, and no discernible effect on student behaviour, but it did not lead to poorer interactions and may be a useful adjunct to more structured approaches such as individual educational programming.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

PubMed2005

Knee-straining work activities, self-reported knee disorders and radiographically determined knee osteoarthritis.

OBJECTIVES: Earlier studies indicate an increased risk of knee disorders in trades with knee-straining work positions, but no dose-response correlation has yet been documented. This study examined whether self-reported knee complaints and radiologically diagnosed knee osteoarthritis are dose-related to kneeling and squatting work positions. METHODS: Worktasks for floor layers and carpenters were video-recorded, and the time spent in knee-straining work positions was quantified. A questionnaire study included 133 floor layers, 506 carpenters, and 327 compositors, all without earlier acute knee trauma. Radiological examinations were carried out on a stratified sample (N = 150) from the questionnaire study. The individual exposure was calculated from the amount of knee strain quantified in the video-recorded worktasks, the self-reported time spent in the worktask, and the number of years in the trade. Statistical analyses were carried out with a binary logistic regression model, adjusting for age, body mass index, smoking, and knee-straining sports activities. RESULTS: The odds ratios for self-reported knee complaints and radiographically determined knee osteoarthritis were increased in relation to the degree of knee-straining work demands for workers with low-to-moderate, high, and very high exposure to knee-straining work demands in a comparison with the reference group, without knee-stressing work activities. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that there is a dose-response correlation between knee-straining work activities and the development of self-reported knee complaints and radiologically diagnosed knee osteoarthritis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Cognitive and behavioural effects of a school breakfast.

The cognitive and behavioural effects of a school breakfast were explored in a study of 55 children in Grade II and Standard 1 at a farm school outside Johannesburg. A previous study had confirmed widespread undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies among the children. For comparative purposes, 55 children at an inner-city school, among whom no signs of undernutrition were found, were assessed in the same way. Three different types of measures of attention, distractibility, short-term memory and activity level were used: psychometric testing of the children; teacher ratings of children's classroom behaviour, and coded video-recorded classroom behaviour. A pre- and post-test design was employed to assess the effects of a school breakfast, continually in place in the experimental school for a period of 6 weeks. The results indicated significant change from pre- to post-test assessment among the experimental children in respect of the psychometric measures, teacher-rated hyperactivity and video-recorded classroom behaviour. With regard to the latter measure, the children showed a decline in both the occurrence and duration of off-task and out-of-seat behaviour, and an increase in active participation in class and positive peer interaction. While the children in the comparison group also showed some changes from pre- to post-test, probably attributable to the effects of observation, familiarity with the test materials and developmental change, the changes were not generalised or consistent. The findings support the conclusion that a school breakfast programme had a beneficial effect on the cognitive and behavioural performance of socially disadvantaged, undernourished children in their first 2 years of school.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Social defeat stress selectively alters mesocorticolimbic dopamine release: an in vivo microdialysis study.

Exposure to various aversive stimuli ('stressors') as well as positively-reinforcing stimuli has been shown to increase extracellular dopamine concentrations in terminal areas of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system. The magnitude and site specificity of the dopaminergic response may depend on the nature of the aversive stimulus. In the present study, in vivo microdialysis was used to examine the effects of an ethologically relevant stressor, namely threat of social defeat, on dopamine concentrations in nucleus accumbens, striatum, and prefrontal cortex of freely-moving male Long-Evans rats. During the test session, dialysate and video recording samples were collected from previously-defeated 'intruder' rats in consecutive phases, while (1) in the home cage, (2) when placed in the empty, soiled cage of a resident rat which had previously defeated them, (3) when exposed to threat of defeat by the resident, and (4) when returned to their home cages. Control animals were not defeated; in this group of rats video recording and dialysate samples were obtained when they were placed into an empty, clean novel cage and later returned to their home cage. The results indicated that levels of dopamine were elevated to approximately 130% of baseline in nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex when rats were placed into either the resident or novel cage. In defeated intruders, extracellular dopamine levels in accumbens and prefrontal cortex were increased further (approximately 160% of baseline), during social threat; these biochemical changes were synchronous with high levels of orienting toward the resident but not with heightened motor activity. Extracellular dopamine levels in lateral striatum were not affected by either manipulation. These results suggest that altered accumbens and cortical extracellular dopamine concentrations during social threat are not secondary to motor activation but instead reflect increased attention to the provocative stimulus or attempts by the intruder to 'cope' with the stimulus.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗

PubMed1984

Occurrence of the "capillary contractility" phenomenon and its significance in the distribution of microvascular flow in frog skeletal muscle.

The phenomenon of "capillary contractility" was first described more than 100 years ago. Recent reports on this phenomenon in the frog mesentery have been based on the observation of dramatic reductions of luminal diameter and blood flow during electrical stimulation of the capillary wall. The aim of this study was to establish the presence and the occurrence of this phenomenon in the frog sartorius muscle and to evaluate its contribution to the distribution of flow. Eight 1.3 X 1.7-mm areas of the muscle surface in eight anesthetized frogs were visualized by means of a microscope and also video-recorded during stimulation experiments. Microelectrodes and semitransparent surface electrodes introduced constant currents (0.1 to 1.0 microA) or pulse trains (5-msec pulse width, 1 to 64 Hz frequency, -0.2 to -5.4 V amplitude) either to individual capillaries or to whole populations of capillaries situated in these areas. Caution was exercised that stimuli did not cause muscle twitching. Red cell velocity in capillaries was measured from video recordings by the flying spot technique. Microelectrode stimulations caused flow stoppages in 4 out of 60 individual stimulated capillaries. Surface electrode stimulations had practically no effect on the mean red cell velocity in any of these populations but an appreciable effect on individual velocities in 7.5% of all capillaries in these populations. It is concluded that the phenomenon of electrically induced reductions of flow exists in the frog sartorius muscle, but it is scarce. It seems unlikely, therefore, that it represents a major mechanism of flow distribution in this tissue.

Acetylcholine↗

PubMed1989

Use of cage space by guineapigs.

Cage space requirements for laboratory animals have been established by Government Regulation and Recommendations. In order to test the adequacy of these space allocations, the use of cage floor area by breeding groups of guineapigs was studied. A computer-coupled video tracking system capable of imaging in low light intensity as well as total darkness was used to determine the average per cent occupancy by guineapigs in all portions of a cage over 12-h light and dark cycles. Simultaneous time synchronized slow motion video recordings permitted an analysis of activity to be coordinated with cage use data. Results of the study revealed that breeding groups of guineapigs utilize the periphery of the cage almost to the total exclusion of the centre of the cage. Approximately 75-85% of all occupancy in both the day and evening hours occurred in 47% of the cage floor area located along the periphery. Analysis of video recordings revealed that the animals remained active throughout the day and night with no prolonged period of quiescence that could be associated with sleep. Results of this study suggest that while guidelines for housing guineapigs based on area allocation per animal can be formulated and are easy to administer, they cannot be supported by the behavioural characteristics of these animals or careful quantitation of their pattern of cage space utilization.

Animals↗

PubMed1985

Low cost storing of two electrical biosignals from DC to 20 kHz at more than 80 dB dynamic range.

An instrumentation for storing electrical analog signals (DC to 20 kHz) was composed from a video recorder and a slightly modified pulse code modulation processor. As these components are mass products of the consumer electronics industry, the system price could be kept below 5000 DM. The setup allows one to register simultaneously two signals at DC to 20 kHz at a dynamic amplitude resolution of 16 bit [corresponding to a signal to noise ratio (S/N-ratio) of 96 dB] and AC-signals on the audiochannels of the stereo-video recorder. This is exemplified by recordings of insect chemoreceptors.

Bioelectric Energy Sources↗