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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Optimization of working conditions of medical personnel of radiodiagnostic departments].

The study was undertaken to analyze the characteristics of the work of medical staff of isotopic diagnostic departments during the use of short-lived isotope generators. The data on the functional load of physicians and paramedical staff were given along with the description of radiation effect at various stages of work. The measures on optimization of labour conditions by means of the appropriate department's design, improvement of the regime of nurses' work and adequate allocation and utilization of medical equipment were developed.

Hospital Departments↗
PubMed1979

Health complaints and work conditions among lacquerers in the Danish furniture industry.

In the present work, morbidity rates were based upon 418 replies to postal inquiries sent to 478 members of the carpenters/cabinet makers trade union in the Arhus area of Denmark. Lacquerers, when compared with former lacquerers and non-lacquerers, have an excess of neurophysiological symptoms and symptoms from the respiratory tract. The statistical association between exposure to lacquers and lung symptoms persists after checking for differences in age, smoking habits, and exposure to dust. Organic solvents are an important component of lacquers. Far too little is yet known of solvents' long-term effects on the human body. Most of our present knowledge concerns the short-term toxic effects on the nervous system. This study further points out a relation between lung symptoms and exposure to organic solvents, and it is suggested that further research into this association must be carried out.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2001

Experience of musculo-skeletal disorders, intensity of pain, and general conditions in work -- The case of employees in non-private dental clinics in a county in southern Sweden.

OBJECTIVES: (1) To identify perceived musculo-skeletal disorders and intensity of pain among the employees in the non-private dental clinics; (2) To assess perceived psychosocial and physical work conditions on the localization and intensity of musculo-skeletal disorders and pain. STUDY DESIGN: A questionnaire, comprising four sections (demographic, self-reported psychosocial and physical work conditions, self-reported disorders from the musculo-skeletal system, self-reported intensity of pain on nine different localization on the body) was mailed to 391 employees. Of these, 338 reported musculo-skeletal disorders. In this latter group, 239 reported work as the cause. These employees completed the questionnaire. RESULTS: The greatest amount of pain was reported for the cervico-brachial region. Among all participants, a response pattern was found where the physical work demands were very high, the psychosocial work demands fairly high, the work climate supportive, and the control over work moderate. At an occupational group level, theoretical inconsistencies were identified in terms of a lack of anticipated relationships, especially for the dentist groups. CONCLUSIONS: For a scientific and social purpose, more research, which identifies relationships between work-related musculo-skeletal pain and dos-response [8], effort-reward [16], and demand-control [12] aspects of the working conditions, is clearly needed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1989

[Effect of working conditions in deep coal mines of the Donetsk region on the course of ischemic heart disease in miners].

Clinical and functional examination of the miners who suffered from coronary heart disease showed a higher ectopic activity of the myocardium during their work under underground conditions and during the subsequent 4 hours after its termination. It also indicated a significantly higher fatal cases of sudden coronary death in the miners in the aforementioned periods. To prevent the development of complications occurred in miners, the status of the cardiovascular system was proposed to be dynamically controlled.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Hygienic evaluation of working conditions of acrylonitrile fiber processing at textile factories].

Main unfavourable factors of working environment in acrylonitrilic fibres processing are high concentrations of dust, high noise levels, considerable share of hard manual operations. Complex of unfavourable factors leads to reduction of muscular endurance to static effort, prolongation of motor reaction to light irritation, decrease of cellular and humoral immunity of working women. Suggested effective measures reduced dust content in working zone air.

Acrylonitrile↗
PubMed1998

[Summarizing experience concerning certification of workplaces based on work conditions].

The article contains theoretic principles derived from the author's practice of working environment assessing. The author suggests and justifies definition for the assessing procedure, necessitates improvement and updating of current leading documents. Important notion is that development of governmental function--regulation of work safety--that is new for Russia, but common for developed countries, forms a first step--organization of governmental institution. The author necessitates scientific, ergonomic and hygienic basis for further development of monitoring system for work safety.

Environmental Monitoring↗
PubMed2006

What is healthy work for women and men? - A case-control study of gender- and sector-specific effects of psycho-social working conditions on long-term sickness absence.

The aim of the study was to investigate the relevance of the demand-control model and social support in predicting long-term sickness absence (LTSA). Identifying gender- and sector- (private vs. public) specific patterns was in focus. The study uses a cross-sectional design with a case and a control group. The cases are a sample of 2 327 long-term sick listed (>60 days) and the controls are a Swedish population-based sample of 2 063. Data on sickness absence were retrieved from the Swedish national social insurance registers. Data on health, working and living conditions were gathered through a self-administered questionnaire. The results show that employed women have a notably higher risk for LTSA than employed men. High-strain jobs increase the odds for LTSA among both women and men. Active jobs were also associated with LTSA among women. The study confirms the demand-control model (job strain hypothesis) and social support and their associations with LTSA. However, the job strain hypothesis is more evident in the private sector. Active jobs with high psychological demands and high decision latitude seem to be problematic for many women, especially in the private sector. Thus, the active learning hypothesis receives no support for women in the Swedish working population in general.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1995

Work performance of Chinese cycle haulers: controlled field experiments in normal work conditions.

Forty-five male Chinese cycle haulers performed a controlled field experiment under mild winter conditions. The objective was to gain insight into factors that affect work performance. Each man hauled the same 481-kg load around a Beijing street course of 14.18 km. The experiment was a measured sample of the same work they do routinely, on the same roads, using similar human powered hauling cycles (modified only enough to carry observers and instruments). The course was completed at a mean speed of 10.4 kph and mean time of 84.2 min. While there was considerable variation in individual pace and in pace change during work, the haulers performed at relatively high output in reference to their capacities. Mean heart rate was 156.8 +/- 16.1 bpm, 83.9% of maximum. The men had average body build and were average in size for the general Chinese population (X stature = 169.7 cm) although they showed relatively high aerobic capacity (determined in laboratory tests). Performance levels during experiments appear to match habitual work patterns, and self-pacing emerged as a major behavioral finding of this research. Speed, a primary index of job performance, showed significant correlation to heart rate, VO2max, variation in windchill, self-reported health and other variables, with a multiple regression coefficient of 0.811. Similar patterns were seen for heart rate relative to speed, except that physical size, education, and other behavioral variables were also predictors.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

The association between sex segregation, working conditions, and sickness absence among employed women.

AIMS: To analyse the association between sickness absence and sex segregation of occupation and of work site, respectively, and to analyse work environmental factors associated with high sickness absence. METHODS: The study group consisted of 1075 women employed as nurses, assistant nurses, medical secretaries, or metal workers who answered a questionnaire comprising 218 questions on women's health and living conditions. Sickness absence was collected from employers' and social insurance registers. RESULTS: Women working in the male dominated occupation had in general higher sickness absence compared to those working in female dominated occupations. However, metal workers at female dominated work sites had 2.98 (95% CI 2.17 to 3.79) sick-leave spells per woman and year compared to 1.70 (95% CI 1.29 to 2.10) among those working with almost only men. In spite of a better physical work environment, female metal workers at a female dominated work site had a higher sickness absence than other women, which probably could be explained by the worse psychosocial work environment. Working with more women also had a positive association to increased frequency of sick-leave spells in a multivariate analysis including several known indicators of increased sick-leave. CONCLUSIONS: There was an association between sickness absence and sex segregation, in different directions at the occupational and work site level. The mechanism behind this needs to be more closely understood regarding selection in and out of an occupation and a certain work site.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Physiologic and hygienic aspects of work conditions for humans at open territories of the Far North].

The studies proved that males and females, who work outdoors in Far North, demonstrate strain of thermoregulation and such associated systems as primarily cardiovascular and respiratory ones. Lower tolerance of the workers to physical strain shows more intensive impact of work in such regions on physiologic functioning. The studies determined peculiarities of pulmonary circulation in the inhabitants of Far North. Those peculiarities are caused by cooling and low absolute humidity. Functional strain in the examinees appeared to depend on weather conditions of Far North.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2006

Long hours of work in the U.S.: associations with demographic and organizational characteristics, psychosocial working conditions, and health.

BACKGROUND: There are relatively few studies of large national databases that contain information on working hours and health. The current study involved an analysis of data from a quality of work life (QWL) module developed for the 2002 General Social Survey. This module collected work and health data from a representative sample of the U.S. population (N=1,744). METHODS: Descriptive analyses were conducted for five groups based on total hours worked per week: part-time (1-34 hr/week), full-time (35-40 hr/week), lower overtime (41-48 hr/week), medium overtime (49-69 hr/week), and higher overtime (70+ hr/week). Multiple logistic regression examined the association between these five categories and several measures of health and well-being. RESULTS: Compared to full-time workers, the three groups of overtime workers were more likely to be male, white, and middle-aged, with higher levels of education and income. They were also more likely to be self-employed, salaried, work as independent contractors, have more than one job, and work split/irregular/on-call shifts. Although overtime work was characterized by higher levels of job stress and perceptions of overwork, it was also associated with increased levels of participation in decision making and opportunities to develop special abilities. Several significant associations emerged between hours of work and measures of health and well-being, particularly for respondents in the higher overtime group (70+ hr/week). CONCLUSION: Overtime workers differ from their part-time and full-time counterparts in several important areas. Some of these differences tended to increase with the number of overtime hours worked, suggesting a linear relationship. However, caution is warranted before generalizing the results of this study to specific occupations or workplaces.

Adult↗