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Results for “morphometry”

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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources

PubMed1997

Electron microscopy and morphometry enhances differentiation of epidermolysis bullosa subtypes. With normal values for 24 parameters in skin.

Electron microscopy combined with morphometry was used to establish values for 24 parameters in normal skin. These results were compared with those similarly obtained from samples of epidermolysis bullosa with a view to facilitating classification of the disease. Six of the eight subtypes of epidermolysis bullosa investigated could be differentiated. Four subtypes showed values for structural components in intact skin which were outside the normal range: (1) epidermolysis bullosa simplex generalisata gravis (hemidesmosomes); (2) epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica Pasini and (3) Cockayne-Touraine (anchoring fibrils); and (4) epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (anchoring fibrils, hemidesmosomes, and lamina lucida and lamina densa aspects of the dermoepidermal junction). Two subtypes revealed specific features which could be assessed qualitatively: distinctive, circumscribed, clumped tonofilament bodies were present in basal keratinocytes from epidermolysis bullosa herpetiformis Dowling-Meara and thick (30 nm diameter) cross-striated anchoring fibrils were absent in epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica generalisata gravis. Epidermolysis bullosa simplex Köbner and Weber-Cockayne forms could not be distinguished.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Structural brain differences in patients with schizophrenia and schizotypal disorder demonstrated by voxel-based morphometry.

Brain abnormalities of schizophrenia probably consist of deviation related to the vulnerability and pathological changes in association with overt psychosis. We conducted a cross-sectional comparison in brain morphology between patients with overt schizophrenia and schizotypal disorder, a schizophrenia-spectrum disorder without florid psychotic episode. Voxelbased morphometry was applied to assess gray matter volume in 25 patients with schizophrenia, 25 patients with schizotypal disorder, and 50 healthy control subjects. In comparison with controls, schizophrenia patients showed gray matter reductions in the bilateral medial frontal, inferior frontal, medial temporal, and septal regions, and the left middle frontal, orbitofrontal, insula, and superior temporal regions, and an increased gray matter in the left basal ganglia. Schizotypal disorder patients showed reductions in the left inferior frontal, insula, superior temporal, and medial temporal regions. There was a significant reduction in the left orbitofrontal region of schizophrenia compared with schizotypal disorder. Gray matter reductions that are common to both patient groups such as those in the left medial temporal and inferior frontal regions may represent vulnerability to schizophrenia, and additional involvement of several frontal regions may be crucial to florid psychosis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Morphometry demonstrates loss of cortical thickness in cerebral microangiopathy.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of MR morphometry in the characterization of cerebral microangiopathy (CMA) in relation to clinical and neuropsychological impairment. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: 3D MR images of 27 patients and 27 age-matched controls were morphometrically analysed for regional thickness. The normalized values were related to the patients' clinical and neuropsychological scores. The patients were categorised according to the amount of structural MR signal changes. A ventricle index reflecting internal atrophy was related to MR morphology and cortical thickness as an indicator for external atrophy. RESULTS: Cortical thickness was significantly reduced in the patients group (3.03 mm +/- 0.26 vs. 3.22 mm +/-0.13 in controls, p=0.001). The severest loss of cortical thickness occurred in severe CMA. Internal and external atrophy evolved in parallel and both showed a significant relationship with structural MR-abnormalities (p<0.05; r=-0.7; r=0.67; r=-0.74, respectively). Neuropsychological performance correlated strongly with the loss of cortical thickness. CONCLUSIONS: Cortical thickness was identified as the most sensitive parameter to characterize CMA. A strong correlation was found of morphometric parameters to the severity of CMA based on a score derived from T2-weighted MRI. The degree of cortical atrophy was directly related to the degree of neuropsychological impairment. Our findings suggest that the cortical thickness is a valid marker in the structural and clinical characterization of CMA.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1999

The development of the endotheliochorial mink placenta: light microscopy and scanning electron microscopical morphometry of maternal vascular casts.

The development of the mink endotheliochorial placenta has been studied by means of light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy of maternal vascular corrosion casts. The placental blood vessels of three groups of mink, representing early, intermediate and near-term gestational ages were either perfusion fixed for histology, or instilled with liquid plastic in order to prepare vascular casts, which were examined qualitatively and/or quantitatively. The maternal component of the placental vascular system evolves from preimplantation blood vessels between the endometrial glands, into which the initial feto-maternal contact is made. The influence of highly invasive syncytiotrophoblast provokes a transition of the maternal capillaries into extensively anastomosing sinusoids with a subsequent modification of their endothelial cells into large cells with luminal protrusions. Three-dimensionally, the sinusoids are arranged as vascular crypts. This implies a villous-crypt type of interdigitation for the mink, but since the fetal capillaries surround the maternal sinusoids as a dense network a labyrinth is formed. The vascular crypts are supplied by very short arterioles, branching from maternal stem arteries, which arise from branches of the uterine artery and move straight to the surface of the endometrium. Venous outlets of the sinusoids converge onto venules and large stem veins in the deepest portion of the endometrium. This architectural pattern persists until term. Morphometry was used to confirm the qualitative observations in vascular casts. The diameter of maternal vascular crypts significantly increased from 137.3+/-21.9 microm in early gestation up to 217.8+/-80.9 microm in the intermediate stage and 431.8+/-119.5 microm near-term, when compared to the paraplacental zone in early gestation (82.2+/-19.5 microm). The capillary or sinusoidal diameter also increased significantly from intermediate stage (42.9+/-11.8 microm) to near term (60.1+/-16.7 microm), whereas the difference in the paraplacental zone (7.3+/-2.1 microm) and early gestation (13.0+/-3.2 microm) was not statistically significant.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Analysis of anatomic morphometry of the pedicles and the safe zone for through-pedicle procedures in the thoracic and lumbar spine.

Posterior instrumentation through the pedicle is a common surgery. Understanding the morphometry of the pedicle and the anatomy of adjacent neural structures should help decrease the risk of postoperative complications. T1-L5 segments from 15 sets of human vertebrae were separated into individual vertebrae and the morphometric characteristics of the thoracic and lumbar spine and the safe zone of the pedicle were analyzed. T11-L5 segments from six human cadavers were dissected. Measurements were taken from the pedicle to the dura and nerve roots superiorly, inferiorly, medially, and laterally, and the transverse angles of the nerve roots were measured. Pedicles were widest in L5 and narrowest in T4 in the transverse plane, and widest in T11 or T12 and narrowest in T1 in the sagittal plane. In individual pedicle, the ranges of the safe zone width and height were 3.4-7.7 and 8.6-13.7 mm, respectively, in T1-T10; and 7.2-17.8 and 13.9-16.7 mm, respectively, in T11-L5. The transverse angle of the pedicle decreases progressively from T1 to T12, then increase from L1 to L5. In sagittal angle, the largest angle localized at T2 and the smallest at L5. The mean distances from pedicles to adjacent neural structures were greater superiorly and laterally than inferiorly and medially. The lateral distance between nerve root and the pedicle ranged from 2.4 to 9.6 mm in lumbar spine. This study provides potential safe zones for the application of through-pedicle procedures to help decrease the risk of postoperative complications.

Female↗

PubMed2006

Voxel-based morphometry indicates relative preservation of the limbic prefrontal cortex in early Huntington disease.

In Huntington disease (HD), both the genetic defect and mutant gene product huntington are known but the exact mechanisms that lead to neuronal loss are poorly understood. Until now, the distribution of tissue loss throughout the brain has been investigated intensively. Here we searched for areas that, antipodal to the striatum, display grey-matter (GM) preservation. We performed high resolution T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and voxel-based morphometry in 46 patients in early HD and 46 healthy controls. We applied an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model with the total GM volume of each participant as covariate. In accordance with earlier reports, group comparisons revealed GM decrease in the striatum, insula, and thalamus as well as in dorsolateral frontal and occipital areas. In contrast, the limbic prefrontal cortex displayed GM preservation. Our findings support hypotheses that postulate differential involvement of frontosubcortical circuits in the pathophysiology of HD.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Morphometry of the basal plate superficial uteroplacental vasculature in normal midtrimester and at term.

Uteroplacental (UP) vascular arterial pathology has been associated with pregnancy complications. UP arterial structure has been characterized in placental bed biopsies, at the decidual-myometrial junction. Basal plate UP arteries, which are delivered with the placenta and thus routinely available, are not well characterized. We compared basal plate UP arterial segment morphometry in cases of elective termination of a clinically normal pregnancy at 11 to 24 weeks and of term birth. This study was done in a community-based obstetric service in New York City. UP arteries were identified in placentas of 20 midtrimester (MT) cases and 17 term (TERM) cases. We measured 336 UP artery cross-sections from 46 TERM and 290 MT cases. The basal plate UP artery path length was calculated as the distance between (x,y) coordinates of estimated centers of lumen cross-sections. Basal plate thickness near UP arteries, UP artery cross-sectional areas, vascular luminal eccentricity, and radial standard deviation were directly measured off digital images. Nonparametric and parametric methods compared groups, with P < 0.05 considered statistically significant. In TERM cases, the basal plate thickness near UP arteries was 1.8-fold thinner (P = 0.002) and mean basal plate path lengths were 2.13-fold shorter (P < 0.0001) than in MT cases. Mean TERM UP artery cross-sectional area was 3.15-fold larger, the major axis was 1.95-fold larger, and the minor axis was 1.75-fold larger than in MT arteries (P = 0.001 to 0.008). Our data demonstrate that basal plate UP arteries (delivered with the placenta) are less tortuous, with shorter path lengths and larger areas as gestation advances. Normative morphometric data may allow improved diagnostics of placentas from complicated pregnancies.

Arteries↗

PubMed1990

Sex, handedness, and the morphometry of cerebral asymmetries on magnetic resonance imaging.

Cerebral morphometry of linear measurements and hemispheric, frontal, temporal and parietal areas on MRI of 104 normal adults was analyzed for sex and handedness and right-left differences. The right hemisphere was significantly larger across all groups, but the left frontal width and area was larger in left handers. MANOVA showed separate effects of hand and sex for linear measures; right-handers had larger right anterior frontal, and left parietal and occipital widths. Ratios of L - R/L + R eliminated sex differences related to overall brain size, however, a significant sex-by-hand interaction was shown by the parietal area ratios, indicating larger left side in right-handed males and left-handed females. A 3-dimensional 'torque' was postulated, where the upper and rostral portions of the hemispheres were larger on the right and the lower and caudal parts equal, or slightly larger on the left. The relationship of anatomical asymmetries, sex and handedness is multi-dimensional, and may explain some of the variability of normal cognitive functions and deficits after brain damage.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

Ultrastructural comparative study on endometrium of Chinese women using intrauterine devices of stainless steel ring, copper T220, and releasing levonorgestrel: morphometry of microvessels.

An electron microscopic morphometric study was performed for three kinds of IUDs, the stainless steel ring (SS), the copper T220 (TCu) and the WHO levonorgestrel IUD (LNG), for comparison of their effects on microvessels of the endometrium of women wearing the devices. The morphometry of plasmolemmal vesicles (PV) of the endothelial cell as well as the contracted and degenerated endothelial cell were undertaken. The results showed that all three IUDs led to significant changes in blood vessels, i.e., a higher percentage of contracted and degenerated cells than in the control group (p less than 0.01), and an increase in PV after insertion of the devices (p less than 0.01). The TCu caused more contracted endothelial cells than the SS (p less than 0.01) and the LNG (p less than 0.05). The levonorgestrel-releasing IUD resulted in a higher increase of PV than the SS and the TCu. For the differences between bleeding and non-bleeding groups, only the TCu showed a higher percentage of contracted cells (p less than 0.05).

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Endometrial morphometry in users of intrauterine contraceptive devices and women with ovulatory dysfunctional uterine bleeding: a comparison with normal endometrium.

Copper-bearing intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCD) are commonly associated with menorrhagia. They cause certain morphological changes in the endometrium. These have been extensively reported and the mechanisms of menorrhagia have been investigated in a number of studies. By contrast, ovulatory dysfunctional uterine bleeding has not been as widely studied and mechanisms of menorrhagia in these patients are still not well understood. In this study, we examined endometrial morphometry in a group of women using IUCD, a group of women with ovulatory dysfunctional bleeding, and a control group of women with entirely normal cycles. There was increased leukocytic infiltration of the endometrium in both groups of women with menorrhagia compared to control cases. In addition, IUCD use was associated with greater luteal phase glandular epithelial height, supporting the concept of a secretory function defect in glandular epithelium. Possible links are postulated between static morphometric observations and dynamic biochemical changes.

Australia↗

PubMed1992

Type-specific changes in fiber morphometry following denervation of canine extraocular muscle.

To investigate the changes that occur in extraocular muscle morphometry following denervation, 12 beagles were subjected to intracranial section of the left oculomotor nerve. The inferior and medial rectus muscles were removed from both orbits of four dogs killed at each 4-week postoperative interval. Fiber diameters and fiber-type ratios of denervated muscles were compared with those from paired muscles in the normal orbit. We found significant, persistent atrophy of the singly innervated fibers in both the global and orbital layers of denervated extraocular muscle. The multiinnervated fibers were predominantly spared from denervation atrophy. We also found a significant increase in the proportion of multiinnervated fibers in the orbital layer only. These results suggest a relative neurotrophic independence of multiinnervated fibers in extraocular muscle.

Animals↗

PubMed1977

Computerized image recognition for morphometry of nerve attribute of shape of sampled transverse sections of myelinated fibers which best estimates their average diameter.

A computerized image recognition method was used to measure various attributes of shape of cross-sections of myelinated nerve fibers. Measurements were made at intervals over 1/2 internode of each fiber on 20 fibers from each of 4 sural nerves from rats. Diameters were computed in 6 different ways from the computer measurements and compared for bias, precision, and accuracy between sections and to the diameter of an idealized cylinder reconstructed for each fiber from multiple actual cross sections. The diameter computed from cross-sectional areas of transversely sectioned myelinated fibers, converted into a circle, showed the highest precision, greatest accuracy and least bias. Fibers were classified by shape and the frequency was determined in defined regions (I1 = paranodal, I3= nuclear and I2=region between I1 and I3) of the 1/2 internode. A crenated shape is highly characteristic of the I1 region. The boomerang shape was found most frequently in I3 whereas the circular shape was found most frequently in I2. Epileptical and boomerang shapes of myelinated fibers within fascicles which have been orientated carefully to obtain transverse sections, are not due to obliquity of section. Therefore, using the minor axis to determine the diameter of such profiles, as we had done previously in our laboratory, is in error. We conclude from these studies, that in carefully orientated transverse sections of nerve trucks, the diameter calculated from measurement of area converted to a circular shape is the best among the various estimates of myelinated fiber diameter and is the most suitable one for use in computerized image recognition systems for nerve morphometry. It seems reasonable to extrapolate this general conclusion to myelinated fibers of man.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Effects of seven days of galactose feeding and aldose reductase inhibition on mast cells and vessel morphometry in rat sciatic nerve.

The association between mast cells and vessel morphometry in sciatic nerve was examined after seven days in animals fed a diet of 40% D-galactose and compared to control rats and to galactose-fed animals treated with the aldose reductase inhibitor, Tolrestat. Electron microscopy revealed an increase in the total number of mast cells and the number of degranulated mast cells in galactose-fed animals (7.8 +/- 2.9; 2.6 +/- 2.9; mean +/- SD) compared to controls (4.6 +/- 2.1; degranulated mast cells were not seen in any control nerves) and Tolrestat-treated, galactose-fed animals (4.4 +/- 2.5; 0.1 +/- 0.4). Although no significant differences were noted in the numbers of vessels between the three groups, an index of vasoconstriction was significantly increased in the galactose-fed animals (0.115 +/- 0.048; mean +/- SD) compared to controls (0.068 +/- 0.011) and Tolrestat-treated, galactose-fed animals (0.075 +/- 0.20). These data suggest that mast cell degranulation is associated with the vascular constriction induced by seven days of galactose intoxication and that both may be prevented by inhibiting aldose reductase.

Aldehyde Reductase↗

PubMed1995

Respiratory mechanics and morphometry after progressive intraperitoneal effusion.

Respiratory mechanics and thoraco-abdominal morphometry were evaluated in anesthetized, paralyzed, mechanically ventilated rats before and after controlled intraperitoneal injection of warm (37 degrees C) saline. Respiratory system resistances and static elastance were determined in 9 animals using the end inflation occlusion method. Chest wall configuration at both functional residual capacity (FRC) and end inspiration (FRC + VT) was evaluated in: (a) 6 rats by measurements of lateral and anteroposterior diameters, and circumferences at four levels: 3rd intercostal space, xiphoid, subcostal plane and crista iliaca; and (b) 8 rats by measurements of thoracic cephalo-caudal diameter. In addition, FRC changes were measured in 6 rats. Resistances were not altered but static elastance increased progressively. Morphometric changes were similar at both FRC and FRC + VT: cephalo-caudal diameter diminished whereas all other diameters augmented; FRC decreased. In conclusion, intraperitoneal infusion of saline in rats augments elastance, and this is related to a cephalad deviation of the diaphragm plus an increase of the circumferences and diameters of the lower thorax.

Abdomen↗

PubMed1992

Ultrastructural morphometry of membrane-bound intracytoplasmic collagen fibrils in tendon fibroblasts exposed to He:Ne laser beam.

Collagen fibrils are not found in fibroblast cytoplasm except in certain pathological conditions or in the presence of drugs and other agents that accelerate collagen turnover. Because low energy laser photostimulation is both a non-pathogenic and non-chemical accelerator of collagen synthesis, its effects were studied on four groups of calcaneal tendons from 18 rabbits (1) to test the hypothesis that vacuolar fibrils are not produced exclusively by diseases and chemical agents, and (2) to compare the morphometry of matrical and vacuolar fibrils. The right calcaneal tendons of nine rabbits were surgically tenotomized and repaired; six of these were transcutaneously irradiated with He:Ne laser everyday. The right calcaneal tendon of six of the remaining nine rabbits were similarly irradiated with laser, but without prior tenotomy and repair. 21 days later, all tendons were fixed in situ and processed for electron microscopy. Fibril-bearing vacuoles were found only in fibroblasts of tenotomized laser-irradiated tendons. Similar vacuoles were not seen in non-tenotomized laser-irradiated tendons nor in non-irradiated tendons whether tenotomized or not. Mann-Whitney U tests revealed no statistically significant differences in the cross-sectional areas or diameters of matrical and vacuolar fibrils. These findings suggest (a) that matrical and vacuolar fibrils have a common origin, and (b) that vacuolar fibrils can be induced by a non-pathologic, non-chemical accelerator of collagen synthesis.

Animals↗

PubMed1984

Pulmonary toxicity associated with fly ash from fluidized bed coal combustion. II. Cellular morphometry of distal lung following a single intratracheal instillation.

Fly ash from an experimental fluidized bed coal combustor (FBC) was intratracheally instilled (once) into male Syrian golden hamsters at concentrations of 0 (control), 3, 10, 30, and 100 mg/animal. Thirty days postadministration, lungs were fixed by intratracheal perfusion, and tissues were processed for electron microscopic evaluation. Standard point count morphometry was used to analyze distal lung structures. Significant differences were found in volume density of noncellular interstitial space, with this compartment being increased in a dose-dependent manner. Volume density, numerical density, and average cellular volume of distal lung cells revealed no significant differences between treated and control animals. In addition, diffusion capacity and air-blood barrier thickness were not significantly altered in treated animals. The absence of cellular change at 30 days postexposure suggests a residual effect on noncellular interstitium, which may implicate fibrosis.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Interactive morphometry of normal and hyperplastic peritoneal mesothelial cells and dysplastic and malignant ovarian cells.

This study used computerized interactive morphometry to evaluate the differential characteristics of mesothelial normal cells, mesothelial hyperplastic cells, and carcinomatous cells, and also compared hyperplastic mesothelial cells with ovarian dysplastic cells from a previous study. The procedure included extraction of multiple descriptors of the nuclear profile: perimeter length, area, longest chord, circularity factors, standard deviations of these characteristics, and a 10-bin size distribution table of the nuclear area. The final classification is achieved by stepwise discriminant analysis of these variables. The analysis classified all cases correctly with high posterior probabilities.

Cystadenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1987

Quantitative morphometry measurements of transitional cell bladder cancer nuclei as indicator of tumor aggression.

Superficial transitional cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder in 30 patients were studied by quantitative morphometry of the initial and subsequent tumor occurrences. Nuclear histograms were constructed and demonstrated narrow base and single modal peak in 9 of 10 patients not exhibiting tumor recurrence or invasion. In contrast, broad-based multimodal nuclear histograms were present in 15 of 20 patients in whom tumor invasion of carcinoma in situ subsequently developed. Nuclear histograms may provide an accurate means of determining invasive/recurrence potential of transitional cell carcinoma.

Carcinoma, Transitional Cell↗