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[Psychophysiological studies of EEG, operational performance and the dynamics of vigilance regulation. II. EEG activity and reactivity during tracking performance in a control loop with varying degrees of difficulty (author's transl)].

In ten male students the EEG occipital activity was recorded during a visuo-motor task consisting of pursuit-tracking. The degree of task difficulty varied systematically depending on the modification of the transfer function of control element dynamics. The EEG data were evaluated by serial spectral analysis. The distribution functions of the total power estimates and their minima and maxima reflect the dynamics of the regulation of cortical vigilance and permit to differentiate the degree of effort which corresponds to the varying degree of task difficulty. The study of task-irrelevant acoustically evoked potentials showed that with increasing cortical activation the amplitudes of N1-P2 and P2-N2 are diminished. These results might suggest that evoked potentials induced by task-irrelevant stimuli can serve as indicators of the neuronal capacity available for information processing that is not task-oriented.

Adult↗

Scoring procedure, performance factors, and magnitude of sex differences in spatial performance.

The purpose of the present study was to demonstrate the influence of procedural factors on the magnitude of sex differences in a test of spatial ability. Two hundred and seven females and 155 males were administered the Mental Rotations Test (MRT) under timed and untimed conditions. Four different scoring procedures were used: total score, ratio of correct responses to the number of items attempted, score out of 24, and score out of 48. Significant sex differences were obtained in the timed condition but not in the untimed condition. Results also revealed that the magnitude of sex differences was reduced when a ratio score was used. Analysis of the pattern of responses provided insights into the causes of sex differences on the MRT. Results are interpreted in terms of their implications for research on sex differences in spatial ability.

Female↗

Reverse-phase capillary high performance liquid chromatography/high performance electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: an essential tool for the characterization of complex glycoprotein digests.

The B-domain of recombinant human Factor VIII comprises 909 amino acids and is extensively N- and O-glycosylated, in that at least 20 different sites are occupied by numerous carbohydrate structures. This domain was incubated with trypsin and subjected to liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis, using an electrospray orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometer as the detector for a capillary reversed phase HPLC separation of the digest. The inherent high mass resolution afforded by this instrument provides both ion charge state determination and high accuracy mass measurement that are of significant advantage in defining such highly complex mixtures.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

Comparative performance of ion exchange and ion-paired reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of nucleotides in biological samples.

We have compared anion exchange chromatography on APS-Hypersil (4.6 x 100 mm) eluted with a phosphate gradient with reversed phase chromatography on ODS-Hypersil (4.6 x 100 mm) in the presence of either tetrabutylammonium (TBA) or triethylammonium (TEA) ions with a methanol gradient. The systems have been compared both for ease of operation and for their resolving power with standard mixtures and acid extracts of both normal red cells (RBC) and ischaemic tissues. The two chromatographic modes exhibited similar separating efficiencies for standard mixtures of nucleotides but retention times were most stable using reversed phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) with TEA. Anion exchange columns slowly lost ion exchange capacity but selectivity was unchanged. RPLC in the presence of TBA gave reproducibile capacity factors only when operated isocratically due to irreversible changes to the silica surface. For RBCs the RPLC with TEA and anion exchange systems resolved 17 and 15 peaks, respectively, and for the ischaemic samples 22 and 14 peaks, respectively. However, nucleosides and bases were also resolved by the ODS column causing chromatographic crowding and uncertain peak identification.

Animals↗

Performance of Canadian Holstein-Friesian cattle in the humid forest zone of Ghana. II. Preweaning performance.

Birth weights, weaning weights and average daily gains of 97 calves born to 27 Holstein-Friesians imported from Canada were used. Adjusted mean birth weight, weaning weight and daily gain were 35.6, 104.6 and 0.5 kg respectively. Of the three variables studied sex of calf significantly influenced only birth weight whereas season of birth, sire of calf, parity of dam and year of birth significantly influenced weaning weight and daily gain but not birth weight. Sex, season, sire, parity and year all together accounted for 18.35, 43.49 and 46.09% of the variation in birth weight, weaning weight and daily gain respectively. Birth weight increased by 0.29 kg/day increase in gestation length and 0.027 kg/kg increase in calving weight, whereas weaning weight increased by 1.31 kg/kg increase in birth weight. Birth weights, weaning weights and daily gains observed here are similar to previous reports from other tropical environments.

Analysis of Variance↗