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PubMedDate not supplied

Parotid enlargement due to adenovirus infection in patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection.

The authors report a case of adenovirus-induced enlargement of the parotid gland involving a patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Physical examination revealed good general condition, no fever and bilateral enlargement of the parotid region, which was of increased consistency and slightly tender to palpation. Histological examination of the parotid gland demonstrated a slight periductal lymphomononuclear inflammatory infiltrate with the presence of focal points of necrosis. Tests to determine the presence of fungi and alcohol-acid resistant bacilli were negative. Immunohistochemistry for cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex, HIV p24 antigen and adenovirus showed positivity only for adenovirus in the epithelial nuclei of numerous gland ducts. This is the third case of this type reported in the literature, indicating the importance of including adenovirus in the differential diagnosis of this condition.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMed1991

Cooperative binding of EF-1A to the E1A enhancer region mediates synergistic effects on E1A transcription during adenovirus infection.

A cellular nuclear factor, EF-1A, binds to a sequence motif which is repeated in the adenovirus type 5 E1A transcriptional control region. Previous genetic analyses demonstrated that two of these binding sites are predominant functional elements of the E1A enhancer region in vivo. In this report, we demonstrate that the cooperative binding of EF-1A to neighboring sites in the E1A enhancer region results in a synergistic activation of E1A transcription in infected cells.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMed2005

Improved Golgi-like visualization in retrogradely projecting neurons after EGFP-adenovirus infection in adult rat and monkey.

An adenovirus vector was generated using a neuron-specific promoter synapsin I and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) reporter (AdSynEGFP). In addition, two modifications were identified that resulted in robust and reliable retrograde transport and EGFP expression after injection of the virus into three different brain regions in adult rats (medial prefrontal cortex, posterior thalamic nuclear group, and CA1). These are postinjection survival times of 14 days and addition of high concentrations of NaCl (>or=600 mM) to the injection buffer. These modifications resulted in obvious improvement in the intensity of the EGFP signal and in the number of labeled cells. Use of anti-EGFP in immunofluorescence or immunoperoxidase processing further enhanced the signal so that Golgi-like filling of dendritic spines and axon collaterals was routinely achieved. Effectiveness of the AdSynEGFP for Golgi-like filling was confirmed in one rhesus monkey with injections in visual area V4. Because of the long-term viability of the infected neurons (at least up to 28 days in rats and 22 days in monkey), this AdSynEGFP is suitable for use in microcircuitry studies in combination with other fluorescently tagged elements, including anterogradely labeled extrinsic projections. The native EGFP signal (without antibody enhancement) may be sufficient for studies involving cultured cells or slices.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1982

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for acute adenovirus infection.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is described for demonstrating antibodies to the hexone antigen of adenoviruses. The antigen-coated, flat-bottomed microtiter plates are incubated sequentially with dilutions of patients' sera (2 h at 37 degrees C) and peroxidase-coupled anti-human IgG (2 h at 37 degrees C). After a final washing, orthophenylenediamine is added to the plates, and the absorbance (A) measured 30 min later. The ELISA was found to be a hundred-fold more sensitive than complement fixation. An evaluation methods for determining antibody concentration is described which correlates the absorbance of sera diluted 10(-3) to the absorbance of a reference serum containing an arbitrary value (100) of antibody. This methods avoids titration of sera and day-to-day assay variations by different background reactions. A significant increase in antibody concentration of acute-phase serum over that of convalescent phase serum is observed. The ability to test sera in a single dilution and the automatic reading of results and their evaluation by computer make this assay suitable for diagnostic laboratories.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMed1989

Adenovirus infection retards ribosomal RNA processing.

Eight hours after infection of KB cells with adenovirus type 12, the rate of conversion from the 32S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) precursor to mature 28S and 5.8S rRNA decreased. An additional RNA species was detected, which appears to be novel, on the basis of its estimated size (about 6.5 kilobases) and its high level of radiolabeling early after infection at low multiplicity.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMed1980

DNA replication and the early to late transition in adenovirus infection.

Expression of the late genes of adenovirus is only detectable after virus DNA synthesis has occurred. Using a superinfection protocol, we show that replication of the template per se is required for expression of late regions L2--L5 (mapping to the right of position 39) and that the accumulation of early gene products does not suffice. This regulation is probably exerted at the level of transcription rather than by control of processing or selective stabilization of late mRNA or its precursors. The promoter-proximal late gene block L1, however, appears to be subject to processing control. At early times a single member of this gene family (tripartite leader plus coordinates 29--39, encoding the 52,55K polypeptide pair) is expressed, whereas at late times an additional, differently spliced mRNA species is generated from this region (tripartite leader plus coordinates 34--39, encoding polypeptide IIIa).

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed2003

Inhibition of adenovirus infection by the bronchoalveolar lavage supernatant in vitro.

BACKGROUND: Gene transfer using the adenovirus has been discouraging, since the level of recombinant gene expression was always low. Non-specific and specific immune responses prevent infection or kill infected cells. Most of the specific immune responses against the adenovirus are well known and can be eluded at least in animal models. The non-specific immune response is not so well investigated. We have previously demonstrated a strong anti-adenoviral effect of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) supernatants of different patients independent of their content of specific anti-adenoviral immunoglobulins of the subclasses IgA, IgG, and IgM. In this paper we examine the influence of defensins and immunoglobulins within the epithelial lining fluid of the lung on the infection of adenovirus type 5. METHODS: Pooled BAL supernatants were separated by gelchromatography; IgA and IgG, respectively were removed from the BAL supernatants by anti-IgA- and anti-IgG affinity chromatography. RESULTS: The anti-adenoviral capacity could be assigned to the high molecular weight portion including the immunoglobulin- and at a much lower degree the albumin-fractions. All fractions from affinity chromatography; the IgA fraction, the resulting BAL depleted from IgA, the IgG fraction, and the resulting BAL depleted from IgG were highly inhibitory on adenoviral infectivity. CONCLUSION: The main anti-adenoviral component in BAL is part of a high molecular weight complex, either being a large protein itself, or being a small peptide bound unspecifically to different bigger proteins. Defensins are not important factors of anti-adenoviral infectivity in the epithelial linig fluid of our patients.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed2004

Cytomegalovirus and adenovirus infections and diseases among 75 paediatric unrelated allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients.

Viral infections remain a major complication of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. A population of children who underwent unrelated allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in a single centre has been followed-up for viral infections and diseases. We describe the detection of cytomegalovirus (CMV) and adenovirus among 75 children transplanted between 1989 and 2000. CMV was detected among 22 patients (29%) and adenovirus among 19 patients (25%); they were associated with clinical diseases in 10 and 8 patients, respectively. Four patients had adenovirus and CMV coinfection. The obvious risk factor for CMV infection is seropositivity of the recipient prior to transplantation. Adenovirus is detected significantly more frequently when conditioning regimen includes anti-thymocyte or anti-lymphocyte globulin. Diseases associated with adenovirus have been correlated with a significantly higher mortality rate, stressing the need for the implementation of a systematic virological survey for this virus and for the evaluation of therapeutic protocols including new molecules.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMed1967

Histopathology of fatal adenovirus infection of the respiratory tract in young children.

Type 7 adenoviruses were isolated from lung tissue obtained at the necropsies on five children aged 8 to 15 months. The clinical and radiological findings were those of bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Four children had an extensive necrotizing bronchitis and bronchiolitis. The surviving bronchial epithelium, and all bronchial epithelium in the fifth case, was proliferating. There was evidence that this proliferation was a virus-induced effect and not reparative. There was virus tropism to alveolar lining cells with a pneumonia showing mononuclear cellular reaction, necrosis, and hyaline membranes. Distinctive necrotizing lesions were found in the bronchial glands of all cases. Two contrasting types of intranuclear inclusions were present in all lesions and their significance and inter-relationships are discussed. These pathological changes are specific for infections by a limited number of adenovirus serotypes.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed2005

Adenovirus infection in children after allogeneic stem cell transplantation: diagnosis, treatment and immunity.

Human adenoviruses (HAdV) are a frequent cause of potentially fatal infections in patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation, especially in children. Monitoring of serum/plasma by real-time quantitative PCR is a sensitive tool for the recognition of patients at risk of a potentially fatal infection and for the evaluation of the efficacy of treatment. Data from a retrospective study and from a prospective study demonstrate that recovery of immunity after transplantation is essential for the elimination of HAdV infection. The feasibility of several approaches for the manipulation of immunity in the immunocompromised host to prevent a fatal course of the infection is discussed.

Adenovirus Infections, Human↗
PubMed1998

Organization of splicing factors in adenovirus-infected cells reflects changes in gene expression during the early to late phase transition.

The spatial distribution of splicing factors is temporally regulated during adenovirus (ad) infection. Here we focus on two splicing factor distribution patterns characteristic of ad-infected cells. During the intermediate phase splicing factors surround sites of viral DNA accumulation in regions of high transcriptional activity. This distribution appears as a series of interconnected rings when viewed by microscopy. We refer to cells with this staining pattern as "ring cells." We have previously shown that at late times after infection, splicing factors are present in discrete structures identified as enlarged interchromatin granules (IGs) that also contain spliced viral RNA. We refer to cells with this pattern as "cluster cells." We determined which steps in viral gene expression occurred in ring and cluster cells. We found that transcription and some splicing of viral late genes had occurred in ring cells. Late RNA was present at transcription sites in ring cells. Cluster cells contained spliced viral late RNA in nuclear IGs and in the cytoplasm. The presence of cluster cells in the infected culture was well correlated with the export of viral RNA to the cytoplasm. Cluster cells had synthesized late proteins. Our data show that the dynamic localization of splicing factors reflects changes in gene expression activity of the infected cell as it switches over to late gene expression.

Adenoviruses, Human↗