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At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Effects of high carbohydrate and high fat diet on plasma apolipoproteins AI, AII, B100, CI, CII, CIII and E in normal and hypertriglyceridemic humans].

Effects of high carbohydrate (CHO) and high fat diet on plasma apolipoproteins (apo) AI, AII, B100, CI, CII, CIII and E were assessed in 10 healthy subjects and 10 patients with endogenous hypertriglyceridemia. High CHO diet consisted of 80% CHO, 5% fat and 15% protein of total calories, and high fat diet consisted of 40% CHO, 45% fat and 15% protein. After 5 days normal diet (60% of total calories from CHO, 25% from from fat and 15% from protein), the subjects studied received sequentially high CHO diet and normal diet for 5 days and high fat diet and normal diet for 5 days. Fasting blood samples were drawn on days 1, 3, and 5 of high CHO and high fat diet period, and 5 days after taking normal diet. Results showed that fasting plasma apo AI slightly decreased (P less than 0.01) on day 3 of the high CHO diet period and slightly increased (P less than 0.01) on day 3 of the high fat diet period, plasma apo AII increased after intake of high CHO diet, but no changes were observed after the subjects were placed on high fat diet. Fasting plasma apo B100 decreased (P less than 0.001) in hypertriglyceridemics on the 3rd day of the high CHO diet, but no differences were noted in normal subjects on the same diet. On the 3rd day of the high fat diet period, apo B100 increased (P less than 0.01) in normal subjects, but no changes were found in hypertriglyceridemics. Apo CII and CIII levels declined during the high CHO diet period but increased in normal subjects after intake of high fat died.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Clearance effect of 3H-cholesterol by Apo-AI/DPPC liposome from cultured SMC of rabbits and tree shrew].

Micellar liposomes were prepared by using Apo-AI from rabbit or tree shrew and dipalmitoylphosphatidyl choline (DPPC), with or without cholesterol through a rapid dialysis method. An obvious ability was noticed in clearing of 3H-cholesterol from the cultured smooth muscle cells (SMC) and a cross effect of Apo-AI originated from either rabbit's or tree shrew's serum on the clearance rate of 3H-cholesterol from the cultured SMC of these two species of animals was also obtained.

1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine↗
PubMed1990

[Use of 6 serum pools in standardization of the determination of apolipoproteins AI and B in the human serum].

The proliferation of commercial immunoassays for the determination of apolipoproteins AI and B as parameters of risk for coronary heart disease and the discordance between the values obtained with the systems have made more urgent than ever the need for standardization of these assays. The authors report here the results of a collaborative study on the standardization of the values between the "Comité Française de Coordination des Recherches sur l'Athérosclérose et le Cholestérol (ARCOL)" and 13 Companies providing 15 different analytical systems. The results show that standardized measurements are not possible using a "consensus international standard" and that the major problem is related to the enormous variability of the analytical systems. In contrast, the present study demonstrates that six different serum pools containing increasing amounts of apolipoproteins AI and B can be used to generate a common reference curve which permits calibration of all immunoassays and standardization of results.

Apolipoprotein A-I↗
PubMed1989

[Serum lipids and apolipoproteins AI, B100, CI and CII in patients with apoplexy].

Serum triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and apolipoproteins (apo) AI, B100. CI and CII were determined and analyzed in 72 apoplectic patients and 64 age-matched normal subjects. Significantly increased triglycerides, low HDL-C and slightly decreased cholesterol levels were found in the apoplectics. Apo AI was slightly decreased and apo B100 slightly increased in the apoplectics compared with normal subjects. Apo CI and CII levels were significantly decreased in the apoplectics. The results are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Serum lipids and apolipoproteins AI, B100, CI, CII, and CIII in 142 patients with coronary heart disease].

Serum triglycerides (TG), cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and apolipoproteins AI, B100, CI, CII and CIII were analyzed in 142 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and 64 age-matched healthy subjects in the Chengdu area. Significantly increased TG and decreased HDL-C were found in the CHD patients (P less than 0.001). Serum apo AI and CII were significantly decreased in the CHD patients compared with the normal subjects (P less than 0.01 or P less than 0.001). Serum apo B100 and CIII were slightly higher in the CHD group than in the normal group (P less than 0.001 or P less than 0.05). No significant differences were observed in apo CI levels in the CHD patients when compared with the normal subjects. The results were discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

A controlled multicentre therapeutic trial to determine the efficacy of a novel antacid (AI-Mg-hydroxy-carbonate) in duodenal ulcer.

Tisacid (a new, modern Hungarian AI-containing antacid) with a high acid-neutralizing capacity (greater than 26.8 mmol/g) also enhances gastric mucosal defense mechanisms (prostaglandin-dependent gastroprotection). A simple-blind, prospective, randomized, parallel multicentre clinical trial has been performed on both the clinical efficacy and possible side-effects of Tisacid monotherapy (AI-Mg-hydroxy-carbonate) on informed patients suffering from active duodenal ulcers. The four study groups were as follows: Group A: 3 g/day of Tisacid (acid-neutralizing capacity = 78 mmol, n = 85), Group B: 6 g/day of Tisacid (acid-neutralizing capacity = 156 mmol, n = 88), Group C: 12 g/day of Tisacid (acid-neutralizing capacity = 312 mmol, n = 68), Group D (as control): 1.0 g/day cimetidine (n = 91). The total number of patients was 332. It was found that the new Hungarian antacid compound (both tablet and suspension) can essentially accelerate the healing rate of duodenal ulcers; the cumulative healing rate of ulcers and the decrease of complaints can be achieved equally by relatively low doses of Tisacid monotherapy and cimetidine alone; and there were no essential differences between the clinical potency and side-effects of Tisacid tablets or the suspension.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Immunoturbidimetric assays of apolipoproteins A, AI, AII, and B in serum.

In these immunoturbidimetric assays developed for apolipoproteins A, AI, AII, and B we used the Cobas-Bio centrifugal analyzer and commercially available antisera and calibrators. Within-day and within-run precision ranged from 1.0 to 5.8% for the four assays. The addition of bilirubin, up to 150 mg/L, or hemoglobin, 50 g/L, to sera did not interfere with the measurement of these apolipoproteins. Comparison of results of the immunoturbidimetric assays with those of radial immunodiffusion assays yielded slopes of 1.002, 0.822, and 0.957 and intercepts of -0.02, 0.47, and 0.03 g/L for apolipoproteins B, A, and AI, respectively. Reference intervals for the four apolipoproteins were determined by using sera from 193 apparently healthy individuals.

Apolipoprotein A-I↗
PubMed1988

Expression of human preproapo AI and pre(delta pro)apoAI in a murine pituitary cell line (AtT-20). A comparison of their intracellular compartmentalization and lipid affiliation.

The role of the NH2-terminal propeptide of human apolipoprotein (apo) AI in intracellular transport and lipid-protein interactions was examined by transfecting a murine anterior pituitary cell line (AtT-20) with the human preproapo AI gene and a mutant gene lacking the 18-base pair segment of exon III encoding its hexapeptide prosegment. ProapoAI was not processed to the mature apolipoprotein either prior to or after export from these cells making this an attractive model system for directly assessing structure/activity relationships of its propeptide. ApoAI was sorted into a regulated pathway for protein export. The signal responsible for this trafficking pattern was not contained in the prosegment since both pro- and mature ApoAI exhibited a similar rate of secretion, a similar magnitude of stimulation of export by the secretagogue 8-bromo-cyclic AMP, and similar targeting to dense core granules. This sorting behavior, exhibited by a protein which is not normally targeted to dense core secretory granules in its cells of origin, raises questions about the domains and mechanisms involved in protein sorting into the regulated and constitutive pathways of AtT-20 cells. Density gradient ultracentrifugation, immunoaffinity chromatographic and electron microscopic analysis indicated that approximately 10% of proapoAI and approximately 10% apoAI appeared in AtT-20 culture media in the form of two discrete classes of nascent lipoproteins: a small 6-8 nm spherical particle and a larger discoidal particle. These particles had morphologies identical with those secreted by Hep G2 cells which normally synthesize apolipoproteins. Although these results do not resolve the issue of whether or not a fraction of apoAI can act as an acceptor of cellular lipid during its transport through the secretory pathway, the data do show that this functional capability for lipoprotein assembly is not obviously regulated by its prosegment.

8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate↗
PubMed1984

[Connections between area AIV and areas AI, AII and Ep of the auditory cortex in the cat].

Zones AI A11 and Ep in the cat auditory corex have been studied layer-by-layer electron microscopically after the zone AIV has been removed. Terminals having degeneration signs according to the dark type are mainly found in the layers V-VI of all the auditory cortex zones studied. Additional degenerative zones are revealed in the layer I of the zone AII and in the layer II of the zone Ep. Not any additional foci of degeneration are found in the zone AI. A suggestion is made concerning a physiological significance of the afferent distribution in the connective systems investigated. The corticocortical connections are formed by axodendritic and axospine synapses.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Apolipoprotein AI, AII, and AIV isoforms in plasma determined by automated isoelectric focusing with PhastSystem and immunofixation.

Distinct genetic variants of apolipoprotein (apo) AI have been shown to influence concentrations of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. The genetic polymorphism of apo AIV may modulate HDL-cholesterol, plasma triglycerides, and lipoprotein(a) concentrations. There is evidence for an antagonizing role of apo AII in reverse cholesterol transport. Since genetic polymorphisms and variants of these apolipoproteins are detectable by isoelectric focusing (IEF), we developed a rapid and easy automated method for IEF analysis of apos AI, AII, and AIV on self-made or commercially available gels, using the PhastSystem. Diluted plasma or serum samples (1 microL) are applied automatically onto the gel and IEF is carried out for 35-45 min. Afterwards, the apo A bands are precipitated by specific polyclonal antibodies and visualized by automated silver staining. This rapid procedure is suitable as a routine or screening method for IEF analysis of these major HDL apolipoproteins.

Apolipoprotein A-I↗
PubMed1993

[Analysis of patients of multiple injuries with AIS-ISS and its clinical significance in the evaluation of the emergency managements].

230 consecutive cases of multiple injuries (1978-1990) were evaluated retrospectively with AIS-ISS; the overall mortality was 16.96% (39 deaths); and of the 51 cases with MSOF, the mortality rate was 49% (25 deaths), It is suggested: (1) The mortality rate was directly related to ISS. In case the ISS was > 50, the mortality rate would increase in two-folds. (2) Prehospital support, intensive care, timely operation, prevention of MSOF consisted to be the crucial problems of increasing the survival rate and would be the basic factors of AIS-ISS. (3) Other factors such as patients age, delayed transport, systemic organ function, misdiagnosis, faulty management and limitation of medical facilities would all take part in the lack of efficiency of ISS.

Abbreviated Injury Scale↗
PubMed1993

Gene polymorphism of apolipoprotein AI, the major protein of high density lipoprotein in predicting stroke risk among white and black subjects.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Restriction fragment length polymorphism of the apolipoprotein AI gene, which encodes the most prominent apoproteins in high density lipoprotein (HDL), were investigated using the restriction enzymes Sac I and Pst I in white and black subjects to determine the potential role of genetic variations as stroke risks as determined by carotid stenosis and an atherogenic serum profile, such as elevated total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels or reduced HDL levels. METHODS: Ninety-eight subjects, including normal control subjects with no carotid stenosis and subjects with carotid stenosis, who were believed to be at stroke risk, were the study subjects and included 70 white and 28 black subjects. RESULTS: Sac I polymorphic S2 allele frequency was higher in stroke-risk groups. Significantly higher levels of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL (P < .05) and significantly lower levels of HDL (P < .05) were present in the stroke-risk group with carotid stenosis. Our study showed the following: Sac I polymorphism frequency was significantly higher in black than white subjects (chi 2 = 3.92, P < .05). Triglyceride level was significantly higher in white subjects compared with black subjects (P < .05). In white subjects, carotid artery stenosis was associated with significantly elevated total cholesterol and LDL levels (P < .01) but not with Sac I polymorphism. In black subjects, the reverse was seen with the Sac I polymorphic S2 allele associated with carotid bifurcation stenosis but did not reach statistical significance because of the small number of subjects. In addition, Sac I polymorphism did not correlate with any lipid profile. Pst I polymorphism was not associated with an abnormal atherogenic lipid profile or carotid artery stenosis abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that carotid artery stenosis in white subjects is associated with increased plasma total cholesterol and LDL levels and an atherogenic profile but not with Sac I polymorphism for apoprotein AI. In black subjects, Sac I polymorphism appears to identify individuals with significant carotid stenosis, a necessary precursor to atherothrombotic brain infarction, but not those with elevated total cholesterol or LDL and/or reduced HDL levels. These results suggest that Sac I polymorphism may identify black subjects at increased risk for atherothrombotic brain infarctions.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Lipid, apolipoprotein AI and B levels in Ivorian patients with sickle cell anaemia.

Plasma apolipoprotein AI, apolipoprotein B, cholesterol and triglycerides in 114 Ivorian patients with homozygous sickle cell anaemia (HbSS) were compared to 40, age and sex matched controls with normal haemoglobin (HbAA). Except for plasma triglycerides, lipid and apolipoprotein levels were found to be lower in patients with sickle cell anaemia as compared to normal control subjects. The differences between the two groups were found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05 Student's t test). In addition, a highly significant decrease of plasma apolipoprotein AI (p < 0.01) was observed during painful crisis as compared to the steady state (0.78 g.L-1 versus 1.01 g.L-1), whereas triglyceride levels were found to be higher (1.02 g.L-1 versus 0.78 g.L-1). Although the metabolism of lipoproteins is being altered, the results of this cross-sectional study do not suggest that patients with sickle cell anaemia are at higher risk of developing coronary artery disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[AI-CARE: a multicentric study on unstable angina. Methodology and preliminary data of a project on the improvement of health care quality in Emilia-Romagna].

BACKGROUND: Recent Italian legislative directives have focused on lowering health-service costs and improving the quality of health care. The AI-CARE study on unstable angina represents the initial observational step in a survey on health-care quality in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study was performed to identify the processes usually involved in the management of patients with unstable angina admitted to a regional cardiology department. The consumption of health service resources and the clinical events related to angina were evaluated. METHODS: AI-CARE is an observational, descriptive and prospective study. Between 15/3/95 and 15/6/95, the patients admitted consecutively to 25 cardiology units for unstable angina, as diagnosed on a clinical basis, were enrolled in the study. A six-week follow-up was provided. The data regarding demographics, history, entry electrocardiogram, symptoms, examinations, treatment and outcome were recorded on a detailed personal questionnaire. The participating centers have been divided according to complexity of organization: 18 with intensive care unit as level I, five with hemodynamic laboratory as level II and two with cardiosurgery as level III. Mortality, myocardial infarction, revascularization procedures and readmissions for angina were considered clinical events. RESULTS: We recruited 463 patients. At discharge, 411 patients were affected with unstable angina while other 40 developed non-Q wave infarctions. The final study population comprised 451 patients. The mean age was 68 years (range 61-76). There were 316 men (69%, mean age 68) and 135 women (mean age 72). All 451 patients were stratified according to the Braunwald classification: IIIB in 66.9%, IIIC in 9.9%, IB in 9.9%. Mean hospital stay was 10 +/- 6 days, while mean stay in intensive care units was 4.3 +/- 2.9 days. Medical treatment included antiplatelet agents (89%), nitrates i.v. (81%), nitrates per os (86%), heparin (55%) and beta-blockers (47%). The most common non-invasive test performed was echocardiogram (70% of patients), Holter ECG and exercise stress testing (19%). Selective coronary arteriography was performed in 50% of patients (23% during the first 10 days). Additionally, 32% of patients underwent revascularization. During follow-up, ten patients (2.21%) had a myocardial infarction, nine patients (1.99%) died and 49 patients (10.8%) were readmitted for angina. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that in spite of the poor use of diagnostic procedures (especially coronary arteriography) and myocardial revascularization, mortality and morbidity were relatively low. Our data are similar to the results of the recent Italian EARISA study but differ greatly from the results of foreign studies. Consequently, further observation of our study population is needed.

Aged↗
PubMed2026

Agentic AI for Spatial Omics.

This highlight summarises recent advances in agentic artificial intelligence (AI) systems for spatial omics analysis. These systems are compared along two central tensions: autonomy versus accountability, and adaptability versus reproducibility. We argue that progress will depend not on maximising automation, but on defining where autonomy is appropriate.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed2026

Toward AI Virtual Cells for Hepatology: Representation, Generation, Dynamics, and Intervention in Single-Cell Models.

``Single-cell and spatial atlases describe the healthy and diseased liver at high resolution, including lobular hepatocyte zonation, fibrotic macrophage-stellate niches, cholangiocyte reactions, immune remodeling, and hepatocellular carcinoma ecosystems. These maps show where cell states occur but do not, by themselves, predict whether liver injury will progress or how the liver will respond to an untested drug, toxicant, or genetic perturbation. In this review, we organize current approaches toward an AI Virtual Cell (AIVC) for the liver into three complementary modeling routes. Generative models represent cell states, dynamics and transport models infer state transitions, and pretrained or foundation models test whether learned representations transfer across donors, etiologies, disease stages, and platforms. Perturbation-response prediction serves as a cross-cutting assessment of whether these layers can predict responses to untested genetic, chemical, inflammatory, or metabolic interventions. Available evidence can be categorized as direct liver validation, liver-included benchmarks, general single-cell evidence, and conceptual applications. Published models demonstrate individual components, including atlas integration, inferred trajectories, transferable representations, and retrospective response programs. However, these models do not constitute a prospectively validated liver simulator. At minimum, evaluation should include donor-, etiology-, stage-, platform-, and perturbation-level hold-outs. Model performance should be reported using response direction, recovery of differentially expressed genes and rare states, and calibrated uncertainty. Claims about tissue- or function-level prediction additionally require independent spatial, histologic, metabolic, and functional readouts. Near-term use should prioritize experiment selection and hypothesis generation, whereas clinical decision support remains a longer-term objective.

AI Virtual Cell↗
PubMed1997

Variation at the lipoprotein lipase and apolipoprotein AI-CIII gene loci are associated with fasting lipid and lipoprotein traits in a population sample from Iceland: interaction between genotype, gender, and smoking status.

The effects of polymorphisms in the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene (HindIII and S447X) and in the apolipoprotein (apo) AI-CIII gene cluster (G75A and C1100T) on levels of fasting plasma triglycerides, apoCIII, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and apoAI were examined in 315 healthy men and women from Iceland. Non-smoking and smoking men and women were examined separately because of the strong effects of smoking status and gender on lipoproteins. For the LPL gene, there were no significant associations between plasma traits and genotypes of the S447X polymorphism, but the LPL-HindIII polymorphism was associated with significant effects on levels of all traits, with the effect of genotype on triglycerides and apoAI being modulated by smoking status, (genotype x smoking interaction, P < .02). The H- allele was generally associated with slightly lower levels of apoCIII, with a lowering effect on triglycerides only in smokers and with a raising effect on ApoAI in non-smoking and smoking men and in non-smoking women. For the apoCIII C1100T polymorphism, smoking and non-smoking men with one or more T alleles had levels of triglycerides roughly 10% higher than those with only the C allele; in contrast, the women with the T allele had lower levels of triglycerides (15.7% lower in non-smokers, P = .04; gender x genotype interaction, P = .02). In males and females and in smokers and non-smokers, the T allele was associated with levels of apoCIII that were 9-20% higher than those with only the C allele (P = .004 overall). In the non-smoking men, nonlinear additive effects were observed with combinations of genotypes at the LPL and apoAI-CIII loci, with the HDL-C and apoAI raising effect associated with the A75 allele and H- allele seen only in those men with both alleles, and the apoCIII raising effect associated with the H+ and T alleles seen only in those with both alleles. Thus, variations at both of the LPL and apoAI-apoCIII loci influence levels of triglycerides, apoCIII, HDL-C, and apoAI, but these effects are strongly modulated by smoking and are different between men and women. The mechanisms for these interactions between smoking or gender and genes are unknown, but future studies should take such interactions into account.

Adolescent↗