The increase in glutamine synthesis from glucose caused by ammonium chloride in rabbit kidney tubules does not involve an increase in citrate synthesis.
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Ammonium Chloride↗
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The effect of ammonium chloride on the clinical pattern and the electroencephalogram in epilepsy; preliminary report on a new addition to the therapeutic armamentarium in epilepsy.
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Ammonium Chloride↗
[Astrup's capillary blood test and urinary pH as parameters of renal hydrogen ion elimination. 1. Examination results following oral ammonium chloride loading test in healthy children and children with kidney tubular damage].
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Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
Ammonium chloride as an adjuvant to diphenylhydantoin therapy, and pH, base bicarbonate and sodium in the serum of forty mentally subnormal epileptics.
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Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
Response to metabolic (ammonium chloride) acidosis at sea level and at high altitude.
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Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
Effect of the oral administration of ammonium chloride, sodium phosphate, cellulose phosphate and parathyroid extract on the activity product of brushite in urine.
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Administration, Oral↗
Calorimetric studies of the action of chitosan-N-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride on the growth of microorganisms.
The water-soluble quaternary ammonium salt of chitosan was synthesized by reaction of chitosan with glycidyl trimethylammonium chloride. It was characterized by Fourier transform infrared and carbon-13 magnetic resonance spectra. Its microbiostatic effects against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candid albicans were explored by microcalorimetry. The antimicrobial activity of the quaternized chitosan was stronger in alkaline condition than that in weak acidic condition.
Anti-Infective Agents↗
The acidification response of normal subjects to ammonium chloride using a 3-day loading test.
The acidification response to NH4 Cl loading (0.1 g/kg bw/day) was tested in 16 normal healthy subjects in the basal fasting state on Day 4, the subjects having taken the salt daily for the 3 previous days. The response was measured in terms of blood pH and in urine, creatinine, phosphate, pH, titratable acidity, ammonium, net acidity and creatinine clearance. To minimise inter-subject variation the urine values were adjusted to a standard body surface area of 1.73 m2. A normal range for the blood pH of the mean value +/- 2 SD, encompassed the observed range of values. However, to fit the observed range of acid-base values in urine into the 2 SD range required a logarithmic transformation of the data. Statistical analysis confirmed a significant correlation between blood [H+] net acid secretion, urine titratable acidity and ammonium. Urine net acid secretion was positively correlated with urinary phosphate, titratable acidity and ammonium.
Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
[Oral ammonium chloride overload test in normal persons, and cirrhotic and jaundice patients due to mechanical obstruction of the ducts. Comparative study].
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Adult↗
[Comparison between the effects of metabolic acidosis due to ammonium chloride and carbon anhydrase inhibitors, in patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency. II. Tissue oxygenation and anerobic metabolism during muscular exercise].
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Acidosis↗
The depressive action of ammonium chloride on the hepatic blood flow in sheep.
Using the 133Xe clearance method it is shown that NH4Cl infusion into the anterior mesenteric vein decreased capillary blood flow in the liver. Phentolamine completely and propranolol partially prevented the depressive action of NH4Cl on hepatic blood flow. NH5Cl infused into the jugular vein provoked a slight increase in the hepatic blood flow. The adrenaline-like action of ammonium ion on the blood circulation in the liver region is discussed.
Ammonium Chloride↗
The first zinc-promoted, environmentally friendly, and highly efficient acetoxyallylation of aldehydes in aqueous ammonium chloride.
An exceptionally mild acetoxyallylation of aldehydes in water promoted by zinc is reported, using 3-bromo-1-acetoxyprop-1-ene as starting material; simple diastereoselectivity mainly depends on the nature of the aldehyde.
Aldehydes↗
[Comparison between the effects of metabolic acidosis due to ammonium chloride and carbon anhydrase inhibitors in patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency. I. Ventilation, gas exchange, and gas tension in the blood, at rest and during muscular exercise of various intensity].
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Acidosis↗
High chronic ambient temperature stress effects on broiler acid-base balance and their response to supplemental ammonium chloride, potassium chloride, and potassium carbonate.
Four experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of heat stress on acid-base status and the birds' response to supplemental KCl and KCO3. The corn-soybean meal fish-meal basal ration (.73% K+) contained more K+ and Cl- than is recommended by the National Academy of Sciences for chicks reared under near optimal conditions (24 C and 55% relative humidity). Chicks reared under continuous thermostress (35 C, 70% relative humidity) exhibited panting phase blood alkalosis (pH of 7.46). Supplementing drinking water with .2% NH4Cl reduced panting phase blood pH to normal values and increased live weight gain (23%) and feed efficiency (7.7%). Supplementing drinking water with .15% KCl also increased (P less than .05) live weight gain (46%) and feed efficiency (15.4%) but did not affect (P less than .46) blood pH. A significant (P less than .01) interaction existed between NH4Cl and KCl for body weight gain. Adding .2% NH4Cl to broiler drinking water reduced the level of KCl required in drinking water to optimize weight gain to .1% KCl. Potassium chloride alone, or with NH4Cl, can alleviate some consequences of heat stress, but supplementing drinking water with a high level of NH4Cl (.5%) decreased (P less than .05) blood pH to acidotic levels and reduced body weight gain. Potassium chloride supplementation exacerbated NH4Cl toxicity. Potassium carbonate reduced (P less than .05) body weight gain indicating that the response may not be attributed to K+ alone. Beneficial effects of NH4Cl therapy for heat stressed broilers are speculative.
Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
Heterogeneity of lysosomal enzymes in cultured normal and sialidosis type II human fibroblasts and the effect of ammonium chloride on this heterogeneity.
Lysosomal enzymes of human skin fibroblasts sediment in a Percoll gradient with major peaks at 1.05 and 1.10 g cm-3. The distribution of enzyme activity between the two peaks is dependent on growth state of the cells. Sialidosis Type II fibroblasts show a normal distribution pattern. NH4Cl stimulates enzyme secretion and de novo enzyme synthesis.
Ammonium Chloride↗
Ammonium chloride inhibits cell fusion induced by syn mutants of herpes simplex virus type 1.
Cell fusion induced by syn mutants of herpes simplex virus type 1 is inhibited by NH4Cl. The inhibition of fusion is both rapid and rapidly reversible and apprears to be due to the NH4+ ion. Virus production was not significantly altered by NH4Cl, although cell growth was greatly diminished.
Ammonium Chloride↗
Synthesis and local anesthetic activity of some derivatives of N,N-dimethyl-2-(2-alkoxyphenylcarbamoyloxy)-1,1-dimethylethyl-ammonium chlorides.
A series of 8 new derivatives of 2-alkoxyphenylcarbamoic acid were synthesized and assayed for local anesthetic activity. The above compounds were isolated as hydrochlorides and their structure was proved by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and IR spectroscopy. The index of anesthetic activity of the compounds in infiltration and surface anesthesia increases with the length of the alkyl chain and, except for the C1-C3 congeners, all higher homologues proved to be significantly more active than the standard reference compounds, procaine and cocaine, respectively. Toxicity of the drugs decreases with increasing the chain length and is within acceptable limits.
Ammonium Chloride↗
A liver-function test using 15N-labelled ammonium chloride.
Malfunction of the liver involves disturbances of urea synthesis and ammonia detoxification. These phenomena became apparent, especially during ammonia loading of patients. The functional state of the liver can be assessed by oral administration of 15NH4Cl and subsequent analysis of 15N-urea and 15N-ammonia in urine by emission spectrometry. Clinical tests based on the ratio of the excess abundances of 15N-ammonia to 15N-urea excreted in urine 3 h after oral administration gave values for patients with liver disease which differed significantly from those for healthy subjects. Absorption disturbances, which often accompany liver diseases, do not influence the effectiveness of the method.
Aged↗