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At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

A comparison of injectable local anesthesia and electronic dental anesthesia in restorative dentistry.

This study compares patient satisfaction and subjective pain levels with either electronic dental anesthesia (EDA) or injectable local anesthesia (LA) during the placement of direct restorations. Twenty-five patients (mean age 41 years), who each required two similar restorations in vital teeth, were selected. One restoration was placed using EDA and the other using LA. Preoperatively, all participants completed the Corah Dental Anxiety Scale, and postoperatively they completed a satisfaction questionnaire. Fifteen (60%) patients preferred EDA to LA, and 7 (28%) had no preference. Asked to rate their feelings on the prospect of having a filling placed with either EDA or LA (scale 1 to 5, very anxious to very relaxed), the patients rated LA as 3.0 and EDA as 3.6 (mean scores). Some pain or discomfort was felt by 12 patients with EDA and 14 patients with LA. On a scale of discomfort (1 to 5, very slight to very severe), the mean score was 1.0 for EDA and 1.2 for LA.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Local anesthesia in hair transplantation.

BACKGROUND: Safe and effective use of local anesthesia is essential in hair transplantation. OBJECTIVE: To review the agents and techniques of local anesthesia as applied to hair transplantation. METHODS: Information was retrieved from texts, journal articles found by MEDLINE searches, and related references. RESULTS: Agents, vasoconstrictors, maximum dosages, toxicity, and techniques are discussed. CONCLUSION: Effective local anesthesia can be maintained throughout hair transplantation. Care must be exercised to minimize discomfort through proper technique and to minimize toxicity through judicious use of vasoconstrictors and nerve blocks and by monitoring total dosage. Constant monitoring for toxicity is required, as is early intervention in the unlikely event that warning signs should appear.

Anesthesia, Local↗
PubMed2006

Percutaneous suprapubic cystolithotripsy under local anesthesia.

OBJECTIVES: To assessed the feasibility and effectiveness of percutaneous cystolithotripsy under local anesthesia in selected patients. METHODS: Thirty-one patients with bladder stones of different etiologies underwent percutaneous cystolithotripsy under local anesthesia. Suprapubic access was obtained with ultrasound guidance, and fragmentation of the stone was performed using the Swiss lithoclast. Suprapubic and transurethral catheters were placed postoperatively. RESULTS: No major intraoperative complications occurred. The whole procedure was well tolerated, and no significant differences were found in the mean pain score between the percutaneous suprapubic cystolithotripsy group and a group of male patients who underwent rigid cystoscopy under local anesthesia (P = 0.35). Complete stone clearance was achieved in all but 1 patient (96.78%). Bladder irrigation because of gross hematuria was needed in 5 patients, but no blood transfusion was required. Fever developed in 1 patient and was treated with intravenous antibiotics. The average hospitalization was 2.3 days (range 2 to 5). After a mean follow-up of 10 months, no recurrent stone developed. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous suprapubic cystolithotripsy under local anesthesia is a safe and effective technique to remove bladder calculi. Thus, it may be used as an alternative treatment option in selected patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

An evaluation of topical and local anesthesia in phacoemulsification.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the comparative efficacy of topical and local anesthesia in phacoemulsification. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The medical records of 186 men and women between the ages of 45-85 years, who underwent elective cataract surgery by phacoemulsification technique, under the care of one surgeon, over a period of one year, from March 1999-March 2000 were reviewed. RESULTS: Of 186 patients who underwent small incision, self-healing phacoemulsification cataract surgery, 124 received topical and 62 local anesthesia. The most common cataract types were nuclear sclerosis. The duration of surgery with topical anesthesia was shorter. Sutures and eye padding were more frequently applied for procedures done under local anesthesia. Uncorrected visual acuity in the first post-op week was between 20/20-20/50 for 53.6% of the cases done under topical compared to 30.9% in local anesthesia. A similar trend was noted in the visual acuity one month post operatively. CONCLUSION: The uncorrected visual acuity improves faster and the duration of surgery is shorter when topical anesthesia is used.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sensitivity of biopsy using local anesthesia in detecting nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Flexible and rigid endoscopes allow good visualization of the nasopharynx using local anesthesia, and permit biopsies to be taken under direct vision. Little information is available on the accuracy of biopsies taken using local anesthesia, and general anesthesia is usually recommended for evaluation and biopsy of the nasopharynx to avoid missing small or submucosal lesions. We report the results from 260 patients biopsied using local anesthesia (188) and general anesthesia (72). All biopsies were taken using large nasal biopsy forceps under direct vision. The sensitivity of this technique in diagnosing nasopharyngeal carcinoma was 95.1% using local anesthesia and 95.6% using general anesthesia. We suggest that general anesthesia is rarely necessary for definitive biopsy of the nasopharynx. In the majority of patients, an accurate diagnosis can be obtained using large biopsy forceps under direct vision using local anesthesia.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Surgery of astrocytomas in the motor and premotor cortex under local anesthesia: report of 11 cases.

Under local anesthesia, gliomas of the premotor and primary motor cortex can be surgically removed with minimal morbidity. However, since these neoplasms exhibit an infiltrative growth pattern towards the pyramidal tract and are frequently not well delineated from functional motor cortex, the long-term outcome is unfavorable. In this series, 5 of 11 patients presented with a recurrent tumor within two years of operation. Two of these patients with recurrent tumors initially had a low grade glioma and three an anaplastic glioma. Due to the longer progression-free interval after surgery and the unpredictable course of patients with low grade gliomas, all efforts should be undertaken to achieve safe and radical resection with the use of intraoperative mapping and monitoring techniques as well as cryo-cut examinations at all tumor border zones to prove radicality. Since malignant tumors are known to recur in most instances, radical resection is justified only in functionally safe areas.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Adjuncts to local anesthesia: separating fact from fiction.

Adjunctive local anesthetic techniques and their armamentaria, such as intraosseous injection, computer-controlled delivery systems, periodontal ligament injection and needleless jet injection, have been proposed to hold particular advantages over conventional means of achieving local anesthesia. This article describes the use of each technique and proprietary armamentarium and reviews the literature appraising their use.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1980

[The history of local anesthesia (author's transl)].

Methods of local anesthesia by compression in classical antiquity found supporters in the New Era in A. Paré, in I. M. Velpeau and finally J. v. Esmarch gave it a very practicable form in 1873. Cold was tried by Severinus in the 17th century. In 1866 B. Richardson introduced the ether atomizer. Ethyl chloride has been used since about 1882. Cocaine won its place in ophthalmology through the efforts of K. Koller in 1884 and opened the way to surface anesthesia. The Scotsman A. Wood introduced the principle of conduction anesthesia in 1855 with his hypodermic injection. K. Schleich (1892) is looked upon as the pioneer of infiltration anesthesia. H. Braun takes the credit for the addition of adrenaline when using procaine (1900).

Anesthesia, Conduction↗
PubMed2001

Preinsertion local anesthesia at the trocar site improves perioperative pain and decreases costs of laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

BACKGROUND: Local anesthesia at the trocar site in laparoscopic cholecystectomy is expected to decrease postoperative pain and hence expedite recovery. The aims of this prospective randomized study were to investigate the effect of local anesthesia and to discover whether it is cost effective. METHODS: For this study, 100 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomized into two groups. The 43 study patients were injected with 0.5% bupivacaine hydrochloride at the trocar site before the trocars were inserted. They then were compared with 41 control patients who received no local anesthesia. The remaining 16 patients were excluded from the study. The postoperative pain was evaluated at the standard four trocar sites at 4 h and 24 h after surgery on a scale 1 (the mildest pain the patient had ever experienced) to 10 (the most severe pain the patient had ever experienced). Postoperative pain medications and their cost were evaluated. RESULTS: There was no difference between the two groups with regard to gender, age, weight, operative time, estimated operative blood loss, and bile culture. The patients who received bupivacaine at the trocar site clinically had less pain (p < 0.001 for all four sites) both at 4 and 24 h after surgery. The treatment group patients used less mepiridine and promethzine than the control group (p = 0.001 and 0.002, respectively) postoperatively. Overall, the patients who had local anesthesia used less postoperative pain and antiemetic medication than the control patients (p = 0.02). This afforded a significant decrease in the costs and charges of these medications (p = 0.004 and 0.005, respectively). Three patients in the study group were discharged from the hospital the day of surgery. CONCLUSION: Preinsertion of local anesthesia at the trocar site in laparoscopic cholecystectomy significantly reduces postoperative pain and decreases medication usage costs.

Abdominal Muscles↗