PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Avoidance Learning”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

The Syracuse strains, selectively bred for differences in active avoidance learning, may be models of genetic differences in trait and state anxiety.

The derivation of the Syracuse high- and low-avoidance strains is described. The behavioral characterization of the high- and low-avoidance phenotypes is summarized and it is concluded that the SLA/Bru strain is best described as having higher state and trait anxiety than their SHA/Bru counterparts. Although the behavioral covariates of the high- and low avoidance phenotypes are consistent, the covariation of the endocrine system normally thought to be involved in stress, is anomalous. The SLA/Bru rats, which are behaviorally more anxious than the SHA/Bru animals, show hypertrophy of the adrenal glands but reduced synthesis and release of the stress-related corticosterone than the SHA/Bru animals. This dissociation of the behavioral and endocrine measures of anxiety appears to be genetic, since a selective genetic analysis, involving F2 and high and low backcross segregating generations, indicates that both the behavioral and endocrine covariates cosegregate with the avoidance phenotypes. These data suggest that the expected association of behavioral and endocrine measures of anxiety is correlational, not causal.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Septal scopolamine-systemic diazepam interaction in passive avoidance learning in rats.

The role of the septal region in passive avoidance (step-through) learning was studied by administering 15µg/0.5µl of scopolamine intraseptally to rats, together with an i.p. injection of 2mg/kg of diazepam to the same animals. The combined treatment provoked a severe impairment in retention of the learning situation, whereas animals which received either scopolamine or diazepam alone did not show any deficit.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1994

The effects of control on stress-induced gastric erosions: the use of active shuttle-box avoidance learning with yoked controls.

The aim of the present study was to investigate effects of instrumental control on the development of stress-induced gastric erosions by using a shuttle-box paradigm with yoked controls. In Experiment 1 the learning conditions had a reinforcement ratio of only 70% to increase stress during the short-term learning session. No significant differences of the mean cumulative length of gastric erosions between active avoiding and yoked groups were found. Experiment 2 tested three different reinforcement conditions (70%, 90%, 100%) with yoked groups. Again, no significant differences of the mean cumulative length of erosions between active avoiding and yoked control groups were obtained. Instead, the length of erosions decreased with increasing reinforcement. Taken together, the data show that the frequency of unavoided noxious stimuli as a function of the reinforcement schedule can be seen as a major influence on the development of gastric erosions in a shuttle-box paradigm.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Passive avoidance learning in the crab Chasmagnathus granulatus.

Male crabs Chasmagnathus granulatus were trained by means of a method similar to the standard inhibitory avoidance technique widely used in vertebrates. Each crab was placed in the dark compartment (DC) of a double-chamber device, allowed to move towards the light compartment (LC) and latency to enter measured. Experimental crabs received a shock in LC, but controls were not punished. After 1 min, both experimental and control crabs were free to return to DC. On completion of 1, 2, 3 or 24 hr intertrial interval in DC a retention test was administered and latency to enter LC was measured. A single trial was proven enough to establish a LC-shock association that was detected up to 3 hr later, but no retention was proved after 24 hr. Memory was disrupted when crabs were removed from the apparatus during the 3 hr intertrial interval. Similarities and differences between the passive avoidance method used with crabs and that used with vertebrates are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

The role of nausea in taste avoidance learning in rats and shrews.

When paired with a novel flavoured solution, the injection of an emetic drug, such as lithium chloride, produces avoidance of that solution in both non-emetic rats and in emetic shrews. On the other hand, the pairing of a novel flavour with a drug with rewarding properties results in conditioned taste avoidance in rats, but in conditioned taste preference in shrews. It, therefore, appears that nausea may be necessary for the establishment of conditioned taste avoidance in the emetic shrew, but not in the non-emetic rat. Indeed, pre-treatment with the anti-emetic agents, ondansetron or Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol, interferes with the establishment of lithium-induced conditioned taste avoidance in the shrew, but does not even attenuate the establishment of lithium-induced conditioned taste avoidance in the rat. The results of a number of studies suggest that the nature of flavour-drug associations varies on the basis of the emetic capacity of the species.

Animals↗