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At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Magnetic resonance angiography and measurement of blood flow in the peripheral vessels.

Peripheral vascular disease has been evaluated using conventional imaging techniques such as contrast angiography to demonstrate the morphology and duplex sonography to evaluate the hemodynamic significance of a stenosis. Two-dimensional time-of-flight (TOF) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) provides useful anatomic information in both normal and diseased popliteal and tibioperoneal vascular segments, whereas corresponding velocity-encoded cine MR determined velocities and waveforms correlate well with those determined using color-coded sonography and showed excellent interstudy reproducibility. Velocity-encoded cine MR may be useful in assessing the hemodynamic significance of a peripheral vascular stenosis whose severity might be overestimated by using MRA alone. When two-dimensional TOF MRA is combined in a complementary manner with velocity-encoded cine MR, the anatomic information from contrast angiography and the physiologic information from duplex sonography can be obtained during the course of one MR examination.

Arterial Occlusive Diseases↗
PubMed2003

The pharmacology of nitric oxide in the peripheral nervous system of blood vessels.

Unanticipated, novel hypothesis on nitric oxide (NO) radical, an inorganic, labile, gaseous molecule, as a neurotransmitter first appeared in late 1989 and into the early 1990s, and solid evidences supporting this idea have been accumulated during the last decade of the 20th century. The discovery of nitrergic innervation of vascular smooth muscle has led to a new understanding of the neurogenic control of vascular function. Physiological roles of the nitrergic nerve in vascular smooth muscle include the dominant vasodilator control of cerebral and ocular arteries, the reciprocal regulation with the adrenergic vasoconstrictor nerve in other arteries and veins, and in the initiation and maintenance of penile erection in association with smooth muscle relaxation of the corpus cavernosum. The discovery of autonomic efferent nerves in which NO plays key roles as a neurotransmitter in blood vessels, the physiological roles of this nerve in the control of smooth muscle tone of the artery, vein, and corpus cavernosum, and pharmacological and pathological implications of neurogenic NO have been reviewed. This nerve is a postganglionic parasympathetic nerve. Mechanical responses to stimulation of the nerve, mainly mediated by NO, clearly differ from those to cholinergic nerve stimulation. The naming "nitrergic or nitroxidergic" is therefore proposed to avoid confusion of the term "cholinergic nerve", from which acetylcholine is released as a major neurotransmitter. By establishing functional roles of nitrergic, cholinergic, adrenergic, and other autonomic efferent nerves in the regulation of vascular tone and the interactions of these nerves in vivo, especially in humans, progress in the understanding of cardiovascular dysfunctions and the development of pharmacotherapeutic strategies would be expected in the future.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[The absorbing peripheral lymphatic apparatus and blood vessels of the vermiform appendix: the 3-dimensional and ultrastructural aspects].

We studied the lymphatic angiotectonics of the vermiform appendix of the rabbit, using direct injection of Neoprene latex, electron microscopy and three-dimensional models. We observed that the vermiform appendix is made of absorbing lymphatic vessels distributed among the tubular glands of the tunica mucosa. Moreover, these absorbing lymphatic vessels continue through the straight vessels into a vast, basket-like lymphatic network, which envelopes the medium and basal portions of each single lymphoid follicle. In addition, the vessels of this network reach the submucosal network, whose vessels are peculiar in shape and size. The submucosal network, in turn, drains the lymph through the small caliber intramuscular vessels in the valved subserous precollector lymphatic vessels. We also highlighted the ultrastructural characteristics of the absorbing lymphatic vessels, which completely lack openings at the contacts between the adjacent endothelial cells, which were always joined by specialized junction complexes. Moreover, we reported the presence of intraendothelial channels which we affirm are dynamic morphologic entities, through which lymphocyte migration from the peri-interfollicular lymphoid tissue inside the absorbing lymphatic vessels takes place.

Animals↗